• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of combined exercise including walking and yoga on cognitive functions in the elderly women. Methods : Sixteen elderly women aged above 65 are invited in this study. Each subject participated in exercise three times a week for eight weeks from July 14th to September 13th in 2008. The changes between pre and post exercise are analyzed by Wilcoxon sign rank test and repeated ANOVA test with SPSS (ver 17.0) package program. Results : After exercise, In the below 23 points group, only interference STROOP test (p<.05) among sub items of Cognition Scale for Older Adults (CSOA) is improved significantly. In the above 24 points group, words memory (p<.05), delayed recall (p<.05), and picture naming (p<.05) among sub items of CSOA are improved significantly. But it is no different to the change patterns among two groups. Conclusion : These results show that combined exercise including walking and yoga is helpful to improve cognitive functions. And we find that exercise is helpful in the above 24 points elderly women more than in the below 23 points.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.173-177
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• 1989

As widely known major cause of tooth discoloration is red blood cell in dentinal tubules after tooth trauma and extirpation. Hemoglobin in the red cells easily conbine with hydrogen sulfide and change natural tooth color into dark brown. To confirm and compare the effect of bleaching agents test material was made as fellows: No. 40 paper points were soaked in blood and put into the oven for 24 hours to dry. Dried paper points were again soaked in diluted yolk by distilled water for a minute and kept the points for a week to get fully sulfide. Hydrogen peroxide (25%), Sodium hypochlorite (2%), Sodium hyposulfate (2%), Sodium perborate and mixture of Hydrogen peroxide (25%) and Sodium perborate were employed as bleaching agents. About 0.2ml of each medicaments were put into the small test tubes and blood soaked paper points were gently placed vertically with the apex downward and kept 24 hours in the oven ($37^{\circ}C$). Every 24 hours the medicaments were renewed at 24 and 48 hours. Following are the results of the study: 1. Significant bleaching effect was found on the case of hydrogen peroxide (25%) after 24 hours. The area above 2mm from apex also fully bleached after 48 hours. 2. A mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate treated case showed moderate effect at 24 hours and significant effect at 48 hours. High portion of the point (above 2mm) was bleached satisfactory at 72 hours. 3. The effect of sodium perborate at 48 hours showed moderate and significant at 72 hours. 4. Sodium hypochlorite and sodium hyposulfate were weak agent in bleaching. At 72 hours case revealed moderate effect and influenced on high portion of the point very weak effect.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.535-542
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• 2000

This paper presents a method for the dynamic analysis of constrained multibody systems undergoing abrupt collision. The proposed method uses a longer time interval to check collision than that of c onventional method. This reduces the computational effort significantly. To calculate collision points on two colliding rigid bodies, one may introduce constraints of contact. However, this causes reduction of degree of freedom and difficulty of numerical analysis. The proposed method can calculate collision points without above mentioned problems. Three numerical examples are given to demonstrate the computational efficiency and the usefulness of the proposed method.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.45-52
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• 1987

In this paper, merits and demerits of Nelder and Mead Penalty Function Method(SUMTNM) and Flexible Tolerance Method(FTM) are investigated from the standpoint of generality, accuracy and efficiency. SUMTNM is combined with Nelder and Method and SUMT, but FTM improves the values of the objective function by using information provided by feasible points as well as certain nonfeasible points termed near-feasible points. Therefore, FTM uses more information than SUMTNM for minimizing object function. The structural analysis of a vertically corrugated bulkhead is performed by collapse mechanism and plate buckling analysis. Based on the results of this analysis, minimum structural weight design of a corrugated bulkhead by use of above two optimization techniques is carried out by investigating the effects of sizes of bulkhead on the structural weight.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.17-32
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to promote health for young female workers. It is based on questionnaires collected from 215 female workers in Incheon area. This study includes health condition (fatigue scores), occupational disease, knowledge of abused drugs and the actual condition of drug use. The results are summerized as follows: - $47.4\%$ visited their health center and were treated with diseases like cold and headache $(34.9\%)$, gastroenteric disease $(6.5\%)$, trauma $(7.9\%)$ and chronic disease such as diabetes and hypertension $(3.3\%)$ - $44.7\%$ received regular health education and $4.7\%$ among them received education on abused drugs. - $20.5\%$ were suffering from work related diseases such as gastroenteric disease, headache, trauma, repiratory disease, skin problem, arthritis, low back pain, shortsightness and tuberculosis. - Total mean fatigue score as an indication of health status was $9.0\pm5.4$ points out of 30 points. Physical mean score (group I) was $3.92\pm2.2$ points and psychological mean score was $2.5\pm2.3$ points and neurosensory mean score was $2.6\pm2.1$ points out of each 10 points. - They recognized analgesics $(55.0\%)$ and the next are laxatives $(49.8\%)$, inhalants $(40.0\%)$, narcotics $(24.2\%)$, stimulants $(24.0\%)$, antihistamines$(5.9\%)$, diuretics $(3.0\%)$, tranquilizer $(2.4\%)$ and sedatives $(1.4\%)$ - They used analgesics $(37.2\%)$ the most and then laxatives $(6.0\%)$, stimulants$(5.6\%)$, diuretics $(1.9\%)$, antihistamines$(0.5\%)$, And nobody used tranquilizer, sedatives, narcotics and inhalant. - The relationship between career, drug abuse education, health center utilization and and the actual condition of drug using was examined. The longer the career and the more educated with drug abuse, the less drug used. And those who utilized health center rarely used more drugs. - The relationship between career, health center utilization, the score of fatigue and use of analgesics was also examined. Those group who have a longer career above 3 years and the group who have never used health center used more analgesics. And the group of fatigue score above 11.0 points used a little more analgesics than the other group. These results indicate that analgesics are the most frequent used drugs among female workers. Those analgesics such as geborin, penzal, saridon, aspirin, tyrenol should be used properly. These basic data is submitted for the education and consultation which are carried out by industrial nurses for promoting health of industrial workers.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2007

Qi intention. Temperature variations on the outer skin above measured at acupuncture points, PC8, LI4, and ST7. Results : The change of temperature in PC8 of the Qigong trainees were significantly higher than that of non-trainees ($0.97{\pm}0.20$ vs. $0.45{\pm}0.10$ respectively, p< 0.05 ). The change of temperature of the other acupoints areas was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions : Qi intention resulted in temperature change at the outer skin on the specific acupoints.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.551-557
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• 1992

X-ray diffraction patterns, IR spectra and zeta-potentials of silicon nitride and $\beta$-Sialon powders were investigated before and after surface manipulations. $\beta$-Sialon powder was produced from Hadong Kaolin by the carbothermic reduction and simulataneous nitridation. Isoelectric points of as-prepared Si3N4 and $\beta$-Sialon powders were 8.4 and 7.4, respectively. After both silicon nitride and $\beta$-Sialon powders were oxidized at 80$0^{\circ}C$ for 24 h in air, the isoelectric points of these powders corresponded to that of silica (pH=3). I case of the addition of Darvan C as deflocculant, its isoelectric point was 3 and zeta-potential was nearly constant in the range of pH 5~12. When SN 7347 was used as deflocculant, its isoelectric point was 8.3 and zeta-potential over -156 mV was measured above pH 11.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.204-208
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the results of surgical reconstruction of lateral capsule-ligament complex with reinforcement by periosteal flap of distal fibula and inferior extensor retinaculum for chronic lateral ankle instability. Materials and Methods: From April 2003 to August 2006, 62 patients with chronic lateral ankle instability were operated. There were 38 males and 24 females with a mean age of 39.6 years (range, $18{\sim}61$ years). Mean follow-up period was 32 months (range, $10{\sim}48$ months). All patients were checked with preoperative ankle anteroposterior and lateral view, stress anterior drawer and varus test using Telos device. The clinical results were graded according to the VAS and AOFAS scale. Results: VAS score improved from preoperative 8.2 points to 3.1 points. There were 38 patients who were excellent (above 90 points), 18 who were good (between 76 and 90 points), 5 who were fair (between 60 and 75 points), and 1 who was poor (below 60 points) according to the AOFAS ankle and hindfoot scale. The excellent and good results amounted to 90.3%. Conclusion: Surgical reconstruction of lateral capsule-ligament complex with reinforcement by periosteal flap of distal fibula and inferior extensor retinaculum is believed to be a effective method for chronic lateral ankle instability.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.251-263
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• 1996

In order to investigate experimentally that effect of Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-axupuncture on acutely damaged liver of rats induced by radix aconiti. The author admininisterated aqua-acupuncture according to method of manufacture stimulation to corresponding points, Kan-su$(BL_8)$ and Ki-mun($LR_{14}$), and carried out hematological, serological examination and electromicroscopical obseration. WBC level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. ${\gamma}-GTP$ level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. GPT level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 24 and 96 hours as compared with the control group, but GOT level did not reeveal any statistical difference. At 24-hours group, the cell organelles of the hepatic cells are destructed. The cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum are particulary dilated in the 24-hours control group compared with experimental group. At 48-hours group, the destructed cell organelles are recovered in the experimental group compared with control group. At 96-hours group, the cell organelles of hepatic cells are showing feture of normal group. According to the above findings, it is considered that Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture has effects of recovery of acutely damaged liver.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2003

This study provides some basic information on the improvement of diabetics' self-care activities through examining the patients' knowledge on diabetes, self-care activities, and how much they feel those activities are effective and through studying the correlation among the three factors. One hundred and fifty four patients were subjected to this study, who were treated or hospitalized in a hospital in Pusan. Researches were conducted from October 21 to November 9, 2002, and information were gathered by questionnaire and direct conversation with the patients. The data was processed through SPSS WIN 10.0 program. The Date were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The results of this study was the followings; 1) The subjects' knowledge on diabetes ranged from 6 to 23 points with a mean of 17.01 points. 2) The subjects' self-care activities ranged from 21 to 103 points with a mean of 67.72 points. That of the patients with regular treatments appeared to have the highest points (3.51) and the lowest points appeared in the measurement of sugar level in blood (2.60) 3) The subjects' feelings of effectiveness ranged from 21 to 103 points with a mean of 70.01 points. Drug therapy had the highest point (3.94) and diet showed the lowest (3.37) 4) In the general characteristics of the subjects, the more education a subject had, the more knowledge on diabetes he or she appeared to have (F=3.36, p=0.012). The self-care activities were significantly high among non-alcoholic subjects (F=4.301. p=.016). The subjects' feelings of effectiveness were higher in female patients than in male patients(t=2.132 , p=.035), and those in the ages between 51 and 60 felt more effectiveness (F=4.198. p=.003). In addition, married subjects felt more effectiveness than the unmarried (t=2.856, p=0.005), and the more education a patient had. the more effectivess he or she felt (F=2.879, p=.025). 5) In the subjects' pathological characteristic, the subjects who experienced diabetes education showed more knowledge on diabetes, more self-care activity, and more effectiveness than those without the education (t=3.193, p=.002; t=2.299, p=.023; t=2.128, p=.035). 6) As the results of the analyses of correlations among knowledge on diabetes, self-care activity, and effectiveness, the more knowledge on diabetes a patient had, the more self-care activity and the more effectiveness he or she showed (p=0.283. p=0.002; p=0.182, p=0.036). Self-care activity became higher as the feeling of effectiveness appeared higher (r=.550, p=.000). Based on the results above, several suggestions were made; 1) This study was conducted in one hospital, so it is difficult to generalize the results. It is necessary to gather more information from more patients through repeated researches. 2) The study on the other factors which can affect a patient's self-care activity is required. 3) The development of a program which improves a patient's self-care activity, knowledge on diabetes. and effectiveness is needed.