• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1086-1090
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• 2006

The chromatographic separation of the MeOH extract from the twigs of Acer tegmentosum led to the isolation of ten phenolic compounds. The structures of these compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods as 3,7,3',4'-tetramethyl-quercetin (1), 5,3'-dihydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxy flavone (2), 2,6-dimethoxy-p-hydroquinone (3), (-)-catechin (4), morin-3-O-${\alpha}$-L-lyxoside (5), p-hydroxy phenylethyl-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (6), 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy phenyl-1-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (7), fraxin (8), 3,5-dimethoxy-benzyl alcohol 4-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (9) and 4-(2,3-dihydroxy propyl)-2,6-dimethoxy phenyl ${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (10). The compounds were examined for their cytotoxic activity against five cancer cell lines. Compound 3 exhibited good cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines with $ED_{50}$ values ranging from $1.32\;to\;3.85\;{\mu}M$.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.6739-6745
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• 2014

Acer tegmentosum Maxim (AT) is a species of the maple genus, which is native to North-Eastern China and Korea. Traditionally, AT has been already used for pain relief in Korea. On the other hand, its antidepressant-like activity and related molecular mechanisms is not completely understood. Using the Forced Swimming Test (FST), the effects of a subacute treatment with AT(100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) on the immobility and FST-induced changes to the immune parameters, cortisol, ACTH, and cytokine, in rats were investigated. The tendency of immobility showed a dose-dependent decrease in FST. The levels of cortisol, IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$ in the peripheral blood were increased significantly after FST exposure. Overall, these results suggest that AT treatment can decrease the immobility time and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the FST, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effects of AT might be involved in the antidepressant-like effect.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.322-327
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• 2006

Food constituents analysis of Acer tegmentosum. Maxim.(Acer TM) stem was carried out according to AOAC method, and the antiradical activity on DPPH and cytotoxicity on human cell lines (AGS, HepG2, A549, MCF-7 and Chang) for the 80% ethylalcohol(EtOH) extracts of Acer TM stem were studied. The antiradical activity on DPPH radical of the ethylacetate(EtOAc) fraction of the bark showed a higher activity than that of $\alpha$-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and BHT. The inhibition activity of the 80% EtOH extracts from Acer TM stem on human cancer cell lines by SRB assay indicated a dose-dependent growth inhibition on most human carcinoma cells. The growth inhibition rate of each human cancer cell line showed 91.3% to AGS, 75.0% to A549, 74.1% to HepG2, and 70.2% to MCF-7 cells, respectively, when the 80% EtOH extract(1 mg/ml) of Acer TM stem was added.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.378-383
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activities of extracts from Acer tegmentosum Maxim. (AT) and the ability of these extracts to reduce the serum alcohol concentration in rats administered alcohol. The total amount of polyphenols in hot water and ethanol extracts from AT were $71.93{\pm}2.2{\mu}g/mg$ and $152.69{\pm}1.25{\mu}g/mg$, respectively, while the total amount of flavonoids in hot water and ethanol extracts from AT were $7.51{\pm}1.34{\mu}g/mg$ and $5.01{\pm}0.83{\mu}g/mg$, respectively. FRAP values in AT extracts were $1.67{\sim}1.75{\mu}M/{\mu}g$. AT extracts were capable of directly scavenging DPPH and ABTS free radicals, with higher inhibitory activities for TBA. The hepatoprotective effect of hot water extracts from AT against ethanol-induced oxidative damage was investigated. Ethanol-induced damage on HepG2 liver cells were protected by hot water extracts from AT. Administration of hot water extracts from AT (200 mg/kg) had reduced serum alcohol levels in acute alcohol-treated rats. These results indicate that AT extracts can be protective against alcohol-induced toxicity, potentially through its antioxidant properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Acer tegmentosum Maxim (ATM) is known as traditional medicine for treatment of hepatic disorders such as hepatitis, related-inflammatory disease, and hepatic cancer. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ATM extracted with $80^{\circ}C$ water or 95% ethanol. Antioxidant activities of ATM extracts were measured based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, total polyphenolic compound contents, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. The anti-inflammatory effects of ATM extract were assayed on release of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, and interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages. In these experiments, 95% ethanol extract of ATM showed stronger antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects than water extract. Therefore, we determined the effects of ATM ethanol extract on an animal model of sepsis. Seven days oral gavage of ATM ethanol extract followed by LPS stimulation reduced the protein levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$ in serum as well as mRNA levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and interleukin-6 in intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, ATM ethanol extract reduced DNA damage in mouse lymphocytes. These results indicate that ATM extract has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in vitro and in vivo effects and may be developed as a potential food material for prevention of inflammatory diseases.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2020

Osteoporosis is a worldwide disease leading to significant economic and societal burdens globally. Osteoporosis is caused by unbalanced bone remodeling between the rate of osteoclast bone resorption and osteoblast bone formation. Acer tegmentosum Maxim (AT) is a traditional herbal medicine containing multiple biological activities such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory purposes. However, its role in osteoporosis has not been fully studied. Therefore, we investigated whether AT has a potent inhibitory effect on osteoporosis and its mechanism through a systemic evaluation in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. OVX mice were orally administrated with the AT at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 10 weeks. Histological images and histomorphometry analyses were performed by H&E and Toluidine blue satin, and the expression levels of receptor activator for nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL), nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasm 1 (NFATc1), c-Fos, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) related to the osteoclast differentiation were investigated using immunohistochemical analysis. Administration of AT prevented bone loss and the alternations of osteoporotic bone parameters at the distinct regions of the distal femur and spongiosa region in OVX mice. Further, administration of AT increased periosteal bone formation in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, AT inhibited not only the expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos, which are two major regulators of osteoclastogenesis but also reduced bone resorbed encoding expression of MMP9 and RANKL. Our results indicated that administration of AT prevented bone loss and the alternations of osteoporotic bone parameters at the distinct regions of the distal femur and spongiosa region in OVX mice. Also AT has the bone protective effect through the suppression of osteoclast and promotion of osteoblast, suggesting that it could be a preventive and therapeutic candidate for anti-osteoporosis.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.339-346
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• 2022

This study investigates the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract of Acer tegmentosum Maxim (EATM) against Staphylococcus aureus. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging effect, and reducing power of the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method were measured to verify the antioxidant activity of the EATM. The antibacterial activity against S. aureus using the EATM was verified by the paper disc method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 266.66 ㎍ GAE/mg and 6.46 ㎍ QE/mg, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity showed a concentration-dependent scavenging activity. The RC₅₀ values of the EATM were 21.49 and 12.81 ㎍/mL, respectively. A FRAP analysis was conducted for evaluating the reducing power of the EATM and an efficacy of 0.73 ± 0.19 mM FeSO₄ E/mg was observed. The antibacterial activity of EATM against S. aureus, determined using the paper disc method, showed an inhibitory ring of 3 mm at 2 mg. The MIC was confirmed at a concentration of ≥ 16 mg/mL, while the MBC was confirmed at 32 mg/mL. As the EATM shows antioxidant and antibacterial activities against S. aureus, it can be used as an effective antidote against atopic dermatitis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2008

In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of salidroside (SAL) isolated from the MeOH extract of Acer tegmentosum Maxim heartwood in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. SAL pretreatment significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) productions in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Western blot and RT-PCR analyses revealed that SAL inhibited the LPS-induced expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the protein and mRNA levels in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, SAL reduced the release and the mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Furthermore, nuclear factorkappa B ($NF{-\kappa}B$) luciferase reporter assay was performed to know the involvement of SAL in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, we confirmed that LPS-induced transcription activity of $NF{-\kappa}B$ was inhibited by SAL. Taken together, our data indicate that anti-inflammatory property of salidroside might be the result from the inhibition of iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 expressions via the down-regulation of $NF{-\kappa}B$ activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.1785-1792
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the antidiabetic, alcohol metabolism, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects of Acer tegmentosum extracts (ATE). A. tegmentosum has been traditionally used as a folk medicine to treat hepatic disorders. The antioxidative activities of ATE were measured by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and superoxide (SOD) assay. DPPH radical scavenging and SOD activities of ATE were about 89% and 82.9% at $0.5{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activities were 118.0% and 177% at 2 mg/mL, respectively. ${\alpha}-Glucosidase$ inhibitory activity of ATE was 75% higher at $50{\mu}g/mL$ and remarkably increased in a dose-dependent manner. Nitric oxide productions in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide was reduced to 16.7% by addition of ATE at 1 mg/mL. ATE showed significant protective effects against tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells at $100{\mu}g/mL$. Based on our results, we conclude that ATE may be used as a major pharmacological agent and anti-diabetic, anti-hepatitis, and anti-inflammatory remedy.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.296-303
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• 2007

Acer tegmentosum (Acereaceae) has been used a source of traditional medicines for the treatment of hepatic disorders in Korea. This research was conducted to determine biofunctional activities of A. tegmentosum stem extract and to identify its bioactive components. Methanolic extract from A. tegmentosum stem was partitioned by using organic solvents, including n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Two compounds were isolated by using an ODS column chromatography from ethyl acetate soluble fraction shown to the strongest antioxidant activity ($RC_{50}=3.15\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) among the fractions. The isolated compounds were analyzed by $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR, IR, UV/VIS, MS spectrum data and identified as catechin, ${\rho}-Hydroxyphenethyl$ alcohol $1-O-{\beta}-_D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside$. The compounds have shown strong antioxidant activity, with similar activity to BHA ($RC_{50}=2\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Especially, ${\rho}-Hydroxyphenethyl$ alcohol 1-O-{\beta}-_D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside$ was shown strong anti-lipid peroxidative activity. However, the compounds were not shown antimicrobial activities. In antimicrobial activity assays, ethyl acetate soluble fraction was effective to bacterial inhibition, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, with minimum inhibitory concentrations in $125\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Otherwise, antifungal activity against Candida albicans was shown in n-hexane soluble fraction exhibiting $63\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of minimum inhibitory concentration. In anticomplementary activity assays, water soluble fraction was the most effective exhibiting 24% inhibitory activity.