• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.580-584
• /
• 1998

Tenderization of beef by the addition of barks(Morus alba Linne) and its sensory properties were observed by shearing test, cooking loss, pH, protein content and sensory evaluation. Shear force was decreased as the addition level of barks (Morus alba Linne) increased. Tenderization effect of beef was increased 8,8% at the addition level of 2.5%, 25% at 5.0%, 4.7% at 7.5%, 58% at 10% barks(Morus alba Linne). Cooking loss was observed 44.50% at the no addition, 45.3% at 2.5%, 45.8% at 5.0%, 47.5% at 7.5%, 50.0% at 10% addition level of barks (Morus alba Linne). As the addition level of barks(Morus alba Linne) increased pH of cooked beef decreased to the range of 5.6 to 5.46. As the addition level of barks (Morus alba Linne) increaed protein content of beef decreased whereas protein content of cooled liquor increased. The addition of barks(Morus alba Linne) improved the sensory quality of cooked beef. Especially, tenderness scored the highest value in 10% added beef and other quality factors color, flavor, juiciness and overall quality were evaluated significantly high in 5% added beef. Therefore 5% addition level of barks(Morus alba Linne) for cooking beef was suggested as the desirable level of addition.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.266-270
• /
• 2001

Objective : The purpose of this study was to compare the plasma amitriptyline and nortriptyline level between before and after fluoxetine addition with patients who were currently taking amitriptyline. Method : From the inpatient and outpatient unit of Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, Chunan, fourteen subjects who were taking amitriptyline 25mg more than 1 week at least were given fluoxetine 20mg. Before and 2 weeks after fluoxetine addition, the plasma level of amitriptyline and nortriptyline are analyzed simultaneously by High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC). At the same times, HAM-D(Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression) score and the UKU(Uldvalg for Klinske Unders${\Phi}$ gelser) side effect scale were checked. Results : After fluoxetine addition to the patients who were taking amitriptyline, the plasma level of amitriptyline, nortriptyline and sum of amitriptyline and nortriptyline had risen. The mean plasma amitriptyline level increased from $168.9{\pm}89.4ng/ml$ to $183.0{\pm}102.0ng/ml$ after fluoxetine addition(p=0.011), but the change was not statistically significant. The mean plasma nortriptyline level increased significantly from $114.3{\pm}70.2ng/ml$ to $168.0{\pm}86.2ng/ml$ after fluoxetine addition(p=0.011). In addition, the mean plasma level of total amitriptyline and nortriptyline increased significantly from $283.1{\pm}125.3ng/ml$ to $350.9{\pm}78.4ng/ml$ after fluoxetine addition(p=0.016). After fluoxetine addition, no significant change was noted in the UKU side effect scale score. Conclusion : As consequence of comparison of plasma amitriptyline and nortriptyline level before and after fluoxetine addition, mean amitriptyline, nortriptyline and total plasma level was increased after fluoxetine addition. This suggests that coadministration of amitriptyline and fluoxetine may induce improvement of depressive symptom in depressive patients by way of increased plasma level of amitriptyline.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.28-36
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different moisture addition and sugar on the quality of Nokcha-julpyun, during 24hrs. As the result of the Hunter's color values, lightness, redness and yellowness were increased slightly or not after 24hrs and showed middle levels in $30%{\sim}40%$ moisture addition groups. It seemed that the addition of sugar to Nokcha-julpyun affected the redness and yellowness of 40% and 45% moisture addition groups more than the other groups. In texture profile, springiness of Nokcha-julpyun was not different significantly among all the groups during storage. Cohesiveness was getting higher by increase of moisture level and getting lower by storage. Sugar addition seemed to lower the rate of decrease of cohesiveness. Chewiness and hardness were getting lower by increase of moisture level and getting higher during storage. In this case sugar addition seemed to interfere the Nokcha-julpyun to be hard. Adhesiveness showed to be decreased during storage, but didn't show any correlations with water level. Sugar addition to Nokcha-julpyun seemed to increase springiness and adhesiveness slightly. 35% moisture and sugar addition group had the lowest values in springiness, hardness and cohesiveness. Both 40% groups and 45% moisture and sugar addition group had high values in springiness, cohesiveness and adhesiveness but had the lowest values in hardness and chewiness. In sensory evaluation, $30%{\sim}40%$ moisture addition groups showed good preferences in color, flavor, taste, tenderness and chewiness, and the 35% moisture and no sugar addition group showed the best overall acceptance among the groups. Above results indicated that moisture addition level with $30%{\sim}35%$ seems to give the best quality to Nokcha-julpyun added green tea powder with 6% level, and for the purpose to reduce the changes of texture profiles during storage, it is benefit to add sugar a little to Nokcha-julpyun.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 1998.10c
• /
• pp.185-190
• /
• 1998

Corrosion of steel reinforcement is the most significant factor of deterioration in reinforced concrete structures. Chloride ion is considered one of the most common culprits on the corrosion of steels in concrete. The main objective of this study is understanding behavior of chloride ion in hardened cement pastes at different stages of curing. Cement pastes with water-cement ratio of 0.5 are allowed to hydrate in sealed containers for 28, 70, 180 days. And than pore solution is expressed. It was found that the $Cl^-$ concentrations in pore solution is decreased with increasing curing time in all Nacl addition level, the $OH^-$ concentrations is increased to 70 days but decrease at 180 days in all Nacl addition level. The $Cl^-$/$OH^-$ in pore solution is increased with increasing curing time in all Nacl addition level, however $Cl^-$/$OH^-$ of maximum Nacl addition level(Nacl 0.54% by weight of cement) is under the onset of depassivation level 0.3.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.22 no.1 s.91
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2006

This study attempted to determine the optimum addition amount of sea tangle to rice flour in the preparation of sea tangle Sulgidduk. The moisture content of sea tangle Sulgidduk with added sea tangle was $39\sim53%$. With increasing addition of sea tangle, the L-value was decreased. The a- and b-values were the highest at the 25% level, there is no respective comparison here. In the mechanical evaluation of sea tangle Sulgidduk, the hardness was the lowest in the 35% sea tangle Sulgidduk during storage. The adhesiveness and cohesiveness did not differ significantly with the addition of sea tangle for storage period. The springiness was the highest at the 25% level during storage. The gumminess and brittleness were the lowest at the 35% level and the highest at the 0% level during storage. In the sensory evaluation of sea tangle Sulgidduk, the acceptance of the color, taste and chewiness characteristics was the highest at the 25% level. Sea tangle Sulgidduk with the addition of 25% of sea tangle to rice flour was found to be the best recipe in terms of the sensory qualities of color, taste, chewiness and overall acceptability.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.52 no.3
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2010

Effect of molasses addition to complete calf starter (CCS) and the following pellet processing was evaluated with 12 Holstein-Friesian (HF) calves (7-14 d old with $42\;{\pm}\;5.5\;kg$ average BW), with 6 calves (replicate) per treatment. The CCS was formulated with 65% concentrate calf starter and 35% local corn fodder. On the CCS, molasses was added either 5% (M5) or 10% (M10), then the mixture was pelleted and fed to the calves for 7 weeks. Molasses addition, regardless of addition level, improved (p<0.05) both the durability and hardness of the pellet which contains 35% of high fibrous local corn fodder. Upon feeding to calves, the feed intake and daily gain were numerically higher with 5% molasses addition compared to 10% molasses addition. Blood VFA level was remarkably higher (p<0.01) in calves fed M10 than calves fed M5. There was no difference (p>0.05) in blood glucose level between M5 and M10. Length and number of papillae were not different (p>0.05) by the addition levels of molasses. However, there was one exception in number of papillae at caudo-dorsal sac which were higher (p<0.05) number in M5 than M10 calves. Considering the quality of CCS pellet, calf performance and rumen development, there was no additional benefit of 10% molasses addition compared to 5%. From the results of this study, 5% molasses addition could be recommended for local farmer when they utilize local corn fodder to make CCS for HF calves in Indonesia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.990-994
• /
• 2004

Effects of addition of a mycotoxin detoxifier in poultry feed were studied in broilers. Aflatoxins were present in the poultry feed as 28 ppb (normal feed), 78 ppb (contaminated feed) and 170 ppb (highly contaminated feed). The mycotoxin detoxifier was used in 3 concentrations i.e. 1, 3 and 5 kg/ton of feed. Aflatoxins reduced the body weight in broiler chicken and treatment of contaminated feed with low level of detoxifier improved the body weight equivalent to that of normal feed. Higher level of detoxifier proved better than lower level addition in alleviating the effects of highly contaminated feed. Addition of detoxifier also resulted in improvement of FCR to the level of normal feed. Antibody levels against Newcastle disease virus on day 28 of age were significantly lower in chicken fed on contaminated feed. Addition of detoxifier in feed improved the antibody levels in chicken. Mortality was highest in groups given contaminated feed throughout the study period of 7 weeks. Significant mortality was also observed in groups given highly contaminated feed for 2 weeks. Mortality in chicken given detoxifier added contaminated feed was lowest and similar to the group given normal feed. The study shows that mycotoxin detoxifier containing oxyquinol, dichloro-thymol and micronized yeast can effectively neutralize the ill-effects of aflatoxins in poultry feed.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.21 no.3 s.87
• /
• pp.360-370
• /
• 2005

The aim of this study was to fud the optimum addition mont of astringency persimmon paste to rice flour in the preparation of Gamsulgiduck (persimmon rice cake). The moisture content of Gamsulgiduck with added astringency persimmon paste was $42\~45\%$. With increasing addition of astringency persimmon paste, the L-value was decreased. The a- and b-values were the highest at the $15\%\;and\;10\%$ levels, respectively. In the mechanical evaluation of Gamsulgiduck the hardness was the lowest at the $20\%$ astringency persimmon paste-sulgiduck during storage. The adhesiveness and cohesiveness did not differ significantly with the addition of astringency persimmon paste for storage period. The springiness was the highest at the $0\%$ level except for 2days of storage. The gumminess was the lowest at the $20\%$ level and the brittleness was the highest at the $0\%$ level during storage. In the sensory evaluation of Gamsulgiduck the acceptance of the softness and chewiness characteristics was the best at the 15% level. Gamsulgiduck with the addition of $15\%$ of astringency persimmon paste to rice flour was found to be the best recipe in terms of the sensory qualities of softness, chewiness and overall acceptability.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.11 no.3 s.26
• /
• pp.179-189
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigigate the effects of different tapioca powder on the quality of Chol-Pyon. As the result of the sensory evaluation, 5% addition groups showed good preference in chewness, moistness, softness, adhesiveness, after flavor. 10% addition groups showed good preference moistness, softness, after flavor. In texture profile, gumminess, cohesiveness, adhesiveness of Chol-Pyon was not different significantly among all the groups. All groups was getting higher by addition level. Softness was 5%, 20% addition groups had the higher. Tapioca Chol-Pyon seemed to increase hardness slightly. 5% addition group had the highest values in chewness. The desireable water content in 5%, 10% Tapioca Chol-Pyon was not different significantly among all the groups(p<0.05). 15%, 20% addition group was significantly different from all the groups. Hunter's rotor values higher redness and yellowness was 20% tapioca powder addition group more than the other groups but lightness were lowest value. Above results indicated that 5% tapioca powder addition level to give the best quality.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.272-277
• /
• 2013

The physicochemical and sensory properties of herb samgyetang, ginseng chicken soup added with medicinal herbs were investigated to determine the optimum addition level of medicinal herbs. The pH of herb samgyetang decreased with increasing addition level of the Acorus gramineus addition level, and the soluble solid content increased as the Codonopsis lanceolata addition level increased. The herb samgyetang with the highest Codonopsis lanceolata addition level had the lowest $L^*$ and $b^*$ value. In contrast, the $a^*$ value increased with increasing Codonopsis lanceolata addition level. In sensory evaluation, the highest color, taste, and overall acceptability scores were obtained by the herb samgyetang with the highest Codonopsis lanceolata addition level. In conclusion, the optimum addition levels of medicinal herbs for herb Samgyetang are as follows: Platycodon grandiflorum 4 g, Acorus gramineus 4 g, Codonopsis lanceolata 12 g, Schizandra chinensis 6 g, Atractylodeslancea 4 g, Glycyrrhiza uralensis 4 g, and Zizyphus jujube 4 g.