• Title/Summary/Keyword: Alcaligenes sp.

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Isolation and Characterization of a Naphthalene-Degrading Strain,Alcaligenes sp,A111 (Naphthalene 분해균주 Alcaligenes sp. A111의 분리 및 특성)

  • Oh, Hee-Mock;Kang, Jung-Hyun;Lee, Chang-Ho;Park, Chan-Sun;Ahn, Sung-Ku;Yoon, Byung-Dae;Kho, Yung-Hee
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.423-429
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    • 1994
  • A bacterial strain which formed a distinct colony on agar plate containing naphthalene as a vapor phase and grew well ina liquid minimal medium was isolated and identified as Alcaligenes sp. A111. Optimum temperature and pH for the cultivation of Alcaligenes sp. A111 were 30$\cir$C and 7.0, respectively. Cell growth increased dramatically from 12 hours after inoculation and revealed a stationary phase at about 48 hours. Relative growth rate ($\mu$')increased hyperbolically depending on the conceration of naphthalene up to 500 ppm and reached to the maximum value pf 2.8/day, but $\mu$' didn't change within a range of 500~4000 ppm naphthalene. NH$_{4}$Cl or NH$_{4}$NO$_{3}$ was preferrd as a nitrogen source and a P : N ratio by weight og 6 : 1 was favorable to cell growth. Alcaligenes sp. A111 utilized the intermediates of degradation of naphthalene and showed tolerance to benzene, toluene, and octane. therefore, it is suggested that Alcaligenes sp. A111 could be effectively used for the biological treatment of wastewater containing naphthalene in the presence of some aromatic compounds.

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Antagonistic Effects of the Bacterium Alcaligenes sp. HC12 on Browning Disease Caused by Pseudomonas agarici (버섯 세균성회색무늬병균(Pseudomonas agarici)에 대한 Alcaligenes sp. HC12의 항균활성)

  • Lee, Chan-Jung;Moon, Ji-Won;Cheong, Jong-Chun;Kong, Won-Sik
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.171-175
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    • 2016
  • A gram-negative bacterium was isolated from spent substrates of Agaricus bisporus and showed significant antagonistic activity against Pseudomonas agarici. The bacterium was identified as Alcaligenes sp. based on cultural, biochemical, physiological characteristics and a 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The isolate is saprophytic, but not parasitic or pathogenic on cultivated mushroom, whereas it showed strong inhibitory effects against P. agarici cells in vitro. The control efficacy of Alcaligenes sp. HC12 against brown blotch of P. agarici was up to 63% on Agaricus bisporus. The suppressive bacterium may be useful for the development of biocontrol systems.

Characterization of Growth Inhibition and Isolation of a Copper-Resistant Rhizobacterium, Alcaligenes sp. KC-1 (Cu 내성 근권 세균 Alcaligenes sp. KC-1의 분리 및 생장특성)

  • Hong, Sun-Hwa;Shin, Ki-Chul;Lee, Eun-Young
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.182-187
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    • 2011
  • In this study, A bacterium with an ability to resist toxic heavy metals was isolated from reeds in wetland. The isolated strain was identified to Alcaligenes sp. KC-1 by 16S rDNA sequencing. Heavy metals such as Pb, $Cr^{6+}$, Cd, Zn and Cu were supplied to media. The ecotoxic treat of the heavy metals on the growth of strain KC-1 was performed when the isolated strain Alcaligenes sp. KC-1 cultured with Cu ranging from 0 mM to 20 mM. It showed the resistance of $EC_{50}$(7.34 mM) and cell growth ($OD_{600\;nm}$ : 0.83 after 42 hours) when it was cultured in Cu.

Isolation of Plasmids from the Moderately Halophilic Bacteria (Moderate 호염성 세균의 Plasmid 유전자 분리)

  • HONG Yong-Ki
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.557-562
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    • 1985
  • Moderately halophilic bacteria were collected from solar salt with Larsen medium containing $10\%$ NaCl. A total of 56 strains were isolated and tested for the presence of plasmid DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis. Twelve isolates ($21\%$) carried at least one kind of plasmid. Six different isolates among them were selected to study the molecular weight of plasmids and the morphological and physiological characters. Vibrio sp. 14, Alcaligenes sp. 63, Pseudomonas sp. 11, Flavobacterium sp. 38, Bacillus sp. 16, and Alcaligenes sp. 52 carried at least one plasmid of about 7.2 kbp, 6.4 kbp, 6.85 kbp, 8.5 kbp, 8.75 kbp, and 6.8 kbp respectively.

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Cloning and Functional Expression in Escherichia coli of the Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthase (phaC) Gene from Alcaligenes sp. SH-69

  • Lee, Il;Nam, Sun-Woo;Rhee, Young-Ha;Kim, Jeong-Yoon
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.6 no.5
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    • pp.309-314
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    • 1996
  • Alcaligenes sp. SH-69 can synthesize poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) from a single carbon source such as glucose. To clone the phaC gene from Alcaligenes sp. SH-69, a polymerase chain reaction was performed using the oligomers synthesized based on the conserved regions of the phaC genes from other bacteria. A PCR product (550 bp) was partially sequenced and the deduced amino acid sequence was found to be homologous to that of the phaC gene from Alcaligenes eutrophus. Using the PCR fragment Southern blotting of Alcaligenes sp. SH-69 genomic DNA digested with several restriction enzymes was carried out. To prepare a partial genomic library, about 5-Kb genomic DNA fragments digested with EcoRI, which showed a positive signal in the Southern blotting, were eluted from an agarose gel, ligated with pUC19 cleaved with EcoRI, and transformed into Escherichia coli. The partial library was screened using the PCR fragment as a probe and a plasmid, named pPHA11, showing a strong hybridization signal was selected. Restriction mapping of the insert DNA in pPHA11 was performed. Cotransformation into E. coli of the plasmid pPHA11 and the plasmid pPHA21 which has phaA and phaB from A. eutrophus resulted in turbid E. coli colonies which are indicative of PHA accumulation. This result tells us that the Alcaligenes sp. SH-69 phaC gene in the pPHA11 is functionally active in E. coli and can synthesize PHA in the presence of the A. eutrophus phaA and phaB genes.

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Optimum cultivation conditions for mass production of antagonistic bacterium Alcaligenes sp. HC12 effective in antagonistic of browning disease caused by Pseudomonas agarici (버섯 세균성회색무늬병균(Pseudomonas agarici)에 대한 길항 세균 Alcaligenes sp. HC12의 대량배양을 위한 최적 배양조건)

  • Lee, Chan-Jung;Moon, Ji-Won;Cheong, Jong-Chun
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.191-196
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to investigate optimum conditions for mass production of ntagonistic microbes Alcaligenes sp. HC12. Alcaligenes sp. HC12 had a potent biological control agent to control browning disease caused by Pseudomonas agarici. Alcaligenes sp. HC12 markedly showed the antagonistic activity against Pseudomonas agarici, the most destructive pathogen of cultivated mushrooms. To define the optimum conditions for the mass production of the Alcaligenes sp. HC12, we have investigated optimum culture conditions and effects of various nutrient source on the bacterial growth. The optimum initial pH and temperature were determined as pH 9.0 and $30^{\circ}$, respectively. The optimal concentration of medium elements for the growth of pathogen inhibitor bacterium(Alcaligenes sp. HC12) was determined as follows: 0.5% dextrine, 1.5% yest extract, 1.0% $NaNO_3$, 0.5% $KH_2PO_4$, and 1.5% asparagine.

Effects of Environmental Factors and Heavy Metals on the Growth and Phosphorus Removal of Alcaligenes sp. (환경인자와 중금속이 Alcaligenes sp.의 생장과 인 제거에 대한 영향)

  • Yoo, Ri-Bi;Kim, Hee-Jung;Lee, Seok-Eon;Lee, Moon-Soon;Woo, Sun-Hee;Choi, Jong-Soon;Baek, Ki-Tae;Chung, Keun-Yook
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.216-222
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    • 2011
  • BACKGROUND: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of environmental factors and heavy metals on the growth and phosphorus removal capacity of Alcaligenes sp., which was well known as one of PAOs(Phosphorus Accumulating Microorganisms). METHODS AND RESULTS: The environmental factors used in this study were temperature, pH and carbon sources, and the heavy metals included Cu, Cd, Zn, As, and Ni. The growth and P removal efficiency of Alcaligenes sp. was maximal as temperature, pH, and carbon source were $25^{\circ}C$, 7, and glucose+acetate, respectively. Also, the $IC_{50}$(median inhibitory Concentration) values of Alcaligenes sp. for the Cu, Cd, Zn, As, and Ni were 5.03, 0.08, 0.73, 282.20 and 4.74 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): Based on the results obtained from this study, it appears that the growth and P removal efficiency of Alcaligenes sp. were affected by the environment factors and at the best optimum condition for its growth and P removal efficiency, as the concentrations of heavy metals were gradually increased, its growth was correspondingly decreased.

Polyhydroxyalkanoic Acid Production by Alcaligenes sp. GB-77 (Alcaligenes sp. GB-77 에 의한 Polyhydroxyalkanoic Acid의 생산)

  • 김근배;손홍주;이상준
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.220-228
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    • 1995
  • For polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) production, several microorganisms were isolated from sewage sludge. One of them, GB-77 strain, was chosen from its PHB/HV copolymer production on only fructose without cosubstrate. The isolated strain GB-77 was identified as the genus Alcaligenes. Optimal temperature and pH for cell growth were 36C and 6.8. Optimal medium composition was 10 g/l of fructose and 5 g/l of polypeptone, 1 $\times$ 10$^{-2}$M Na$^{2}$HP0$^{4}$, 1.3 $\times$ 10$^{-2}$M KH$^{2}$PO$^{4}$. To investigate the optimal condition for polyhydroxyalkanoic acid production two-stage culture technique was used; first stage for cell growth and second stage for PHA production on unbalanced growth conditions. Optimal conditions for high PHA production were C/N ratio 50, temperature 36$\circ$C and pH 6.8. To overcome fructose inhibition on cell growth, intermittent feeding fed-batch culture technique was used. Total cell concentration was 17.4 g/l with 9.1 g/l of PHA. The purified PHA was identified PHB/HV copolymer by NMR analysis.

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Toxic Effects of Binary Mixtures of Heavy Metals on the Growth and P Removal Efficiencies of Alcaligenes sp. (Alcaligenes sp.의 생장과 인 제거에 미치는 이종 중금속 혼합의 독성 효과)

  • Kim, Deok Hyun;Yoo, Jin;Chung, Keun Yook
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.79-86
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    • 2016
  • BACKGROUND: This study was initiated to quantitatively evaluate the effects of five heavy metals on the growth and P removal efficiencies of Alcaligenes sp., known as the Phosphorus Accumulating Organisms (PAOs). It was cultivated in the batch system with five heavy metals, such as Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni, added in single and binary mixtures, respectively.METHODS AND RESULTS: IC50 (half of inhibition concentration of bacterial growth) and EC50 (half of effective concentration of phosphorus removal Efficiencies) were used to quantitatively evaluate the effects of heavy metals on the growth and phosphorus removal Efficiencies of Alcaligenes sp. In addition, Additive Index Value (A.I.V.) method was used to evaluate the interactive effects between Alcaligenes sp. and heavy metals. As a result, as the five heavy metals were singly added to Alcaligenes sp., the greatest inhibitory effects on the growth and P removal efficiencies of each bacteria was observed in the cadmium (Cd). In the binary mixture treatments of heavy metals, the treatments of lowest IC50 and EC50 were the Cd + Cu treatment. Based on the IC50 and EC50 of the binary mixtures of heavy metals treatments, most interactive effects between the heavy metals were found to be antagonistic.CONCLUSION: Based on the results obtained from this study, it appears that they could provide the basic information about the toxic effects of the respective treatments of single and binary mixtures of heavy metals on the growth and P removal efficiencies of Alcaligenes sp. through further study about the characterization of functional proteins involved in toxic effects of heavy metals.

Characterization of a Restriction Endonuclease AspJI from Alcaligenes sp. J-482 (Alcaligenes sp. J-482 로부터 분리한 제한효소 AspJI의 특성)

  • Lee, Jeong-Taek;;Lim, Jai-Yun
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.285-290
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    • 1994
  • About 500 bacterial and fungal strains from a wide variety of natural habitats were screened for a new type II restriction endonuclease. Among the 500 species, we selected one species that produced a new restriction endonuclease. This strain has an optimum temperature of $30^{circ}C$ for growth. Morphological, cultural, and physiological characteristics were examined for identification of the isolated strain J-482. This strain was found to belong to the genus Alcaligenes. The restriction endonuclease was named as AspJI and partially purified from Alcaligenes sp. J-482 by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography and gel filtration. Most of other nucleases were removed by the purification steps. The AspJI has a substrate specificity to ${lambda}$ DNA, pBR322 and Adenovirus-2 DNA. For its maximal activity, the isolated enzyme requires $MgCl_2$, which should be at least 12.5 mM and it does not need any other cofactors. It is maximally active in the absence of NaCl and is completely inactivated at 100 mM NaCl. The pH and temperature optima for activity were pH 7.5 and $37^{circ}C$, respectively. The DNA fragments generated by digesting ${lambda}$ DNA, pBR322, and Adenovirus-2 DNA with AspJI were the same as that produced by AatII. This suggests that AspJI is an isoschizomer of AatII.

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