• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.57-72
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• 1999

This study was designed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, anti-thrombotic, and analgesic effect of Whalrakdan. The anti-inflammatory effects was measured by the method of carrageenin induced edema, protein leakage test using CMC-pouch, and the effect of Whalrakdan on the cardiovascular system was observed by the change of flow rate of Ringer solution in the vascular system in the ear of rabbit. and the contraction and dilatation of rat tail artery. Death rate, platelet aggregation, plasma coagulation activity, antithrombin activity was observed for the measurement of the anti-thrombotic effect of Whalrakdan, and the analgesic effect was measured by the acetic acid method and hot plate method. The result was as follows: 1. After 2 or 3hour of Whalrakdan administration, carrageenin induced edema and CMC-pouch protein leakage was significantly decreased. 2. The slight anagesic effect of Whalrakdan extract was confirmed by the observation of writhing syndrome, paw licking time, and escape time. 3. The droplet of Ringer solution increased according to the increase of concentration of Whalrakdan extract, and the vasoconstriction decreased dependantly to the concentration of Whalrakdan extract. 4. The anti-thrombotic effect of Whalrakdan was observed by the decrease of death rate, the inhibition of platelet aggregation, and the increase of anti-thrombin activity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 1988

The sedative, antipyretic, analgesic and anticonvulsive action, action on the isolated ileum in mice, retricting action on edema, action on blood pressure and respiration of Sipmidojuksan were evaluated. The results were as follows; sedative effects were recognized by the unbalanced effects of spontaneous momentum by wheel cage method, muscle relaxing action by rotor rod method and prolongation of sleeping hours. In mice, a significant antipyretic effect to endotoxin was recognized. Significant anagesic effects by acetic acid and Randall-Sellito method were recognized. Significant anticonvulsive effects to strychnine and picrotoxin were recognized. Spontaneous momentum of isolated ileum in mice was restricted, and relaxing effects on smooth muscle of digestive organ were noted by anti-acetylcholine, anti-barium chloride and anti-histamine effects. Significant antiedemic effects to carrageenin and histamine were recognized. Dilatation of blood vessels and decrease of blood pressure were noted.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.88-106
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• 1998

This study was designed to elucidate the antiinflammatory, cardiovascular, antithrombotic, and analgesic effect of Sambitang. The antiinflammatory effects was measured by the method of carrageenin induced edema, protein leakage test using CMC-pouch, and the effect of Sambitang on the cardiovascular system was observed by the change of flow rate of Ringer solution in the vascular system in the ear of rabbit, and the contraction and dilatation of rat tail artery. Death rate, platelet aggregation, plasma coagulation activity was observed for the measurement of the anticoagurative effect of Sambitang, and the analgesic effect was measured by the acetic acid method and hot plate method. The result was as follows: 1. Sambitang administration, edema and protein leakage was significantly decreased. 2. The drug increased the auricular blood flow in rabbit. 3. The drug relaxed the artery contraction by pretreated norepinephrine in rat. 4. The drug inhibited the death rate of mouse which was led to thromboembo- lism by serotonin and collagen. 5. The drug inhibited the platelet aggregation in rat. 6. The drug prolonged the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasma coagulation factor activity in rat, but was not valuable. 7. The slight anagesic effect of Sambitang extract was confirmed by the observation of writhing syndrome, paw licking time, and escape time.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2012

The aim is to investigate the analgesic effect of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS) on central neuropathic pain(CNP) in spinal cord contusive rat model. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats($250{\pm}50$ g, male) were used. Thoracic spinal cord(T10) was contused using New York University(NYU) spinal cord impactor. The animals were randomly assigned to two groups; GroupI: Non-treatment after SCI induction(n=10), GroupII: application of tDCS(0.1 mA, 20 min/time, 2 times/day, 5 days/6week) after SCI induction(n=10). Assess the effect of tDCS using the Basso Beattie Bresnahan(BBB) locomotor rating scales, Touch $test^{TM}$ sensory evaluator(TTSE), Plantar test$^{\circledR}$after contusion at the $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$, $4^{th}$, $5^{th}$, $6^{th}$ week and the immunohistochemistric response of c-fos in the thalamus, cerebral cortex after contusion at the $3^{rd}$, $6^{th}$ week after SCI. The scores of BBB scales were significantly different from $3^{rd}$week. TTSE were different significantly over time, but there were no differences at each evaluation times on between-measure time effects. Plantar test were different significantly over time and there were difference at the $4^{th}$, $6^{th}$ week after SCI on between-measure time effects. Also, immunohistochemistric response of c-fos was reduced significantly from $3^{rd}$, $6^{th}$ week after SCI in tDCS group compared with control group in thalamus and cortex. These results identified that tDCS of non-invasive therapeutic method may have beneficial analgesic effect on CNP after SCI with behavioral test and immunohistochemical test.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.445-450
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• 1993

Recent studies have shown that opiods can produce potent antinociceptive effects by interacting with opioid receptors in peripheral tissues. This study sougt to compare the effects of morphine with those of bupivacaine administered intraarticularly upon pain after arthroscopic knee surgery. In a ramdomized manner, 60 healthy patients received either morphine(3 mg in 20 ml NaCl ; n=20), bupivacaine(20 ml, 0.25% ; n=20) intraarticularly at the completion of surgery, and others were not administered(n=20) under general anesthesia after 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24h of postoperative day, pain was assessed by a visual analogue pain scales, time to first analgesic use were recorded. Pain scores were significantly greater in the morphine group than two groups at 1h. From 4th until the end of the study period, pain scores were significantly greater in the bupivacaine group than in the other two group. Anagesic requirements were significantly greater in the morphine group than two groups at 1h but were significantly greater in the bupivacaine group than in the other groups throughout the remainder of the study period. The results suggest that intraarticular morphine produces an analgesic effect of delayed onset but of remarkably long duration.