• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.187-205
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• 2010

Empirical study comparing the leadership styles of women an men is a popular on management in organization. Consistent with study comparing women and men on many organizational behavior, I have identified that leadership style from survey. The this study examined follower's perception of the women and men the leadership in organization. More specifically, I examined how male and female follower evaluated the leadership style and effectiveness of women and man, how these evaluations were affected by the degree of stereotypes of the followers toward gender roles, finally the variables affecting the evaluation of the leadership effectiveness. Total 158 follower's participated in this survey to explore these research questions. The results that female evaluator were evaluated higher in the transformational leadership than male evaluator, while the evaluation for man leader was higher than the woman leader in terms of the transactional and task-oriented leadership style. Also, another analysis the gender difference of the organizational member revealed that woman leader better than man was higher leader relational and transformational leadership. However, both male and female followers who were no gender-difference in decision making work, interpersonal work, relation coordination work, consulting work.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2016

The aims of this study were to evaluate the joint coordination between hip and knee joints in the transfemoral amputees, and its symmetry between sound and prosthetic limbs. Seven transfemoral amputees ($46.4{\pm}10.7-year-old$, $174.8{\pm}3.5cm$, $78.3{\pm}9.7kg$) and 7 able bodies ($24.0{\pm}4.5-year-old$, $174.5{\pm}5.9cm$, $66.9{\pm}9.4Kg$) participated in this study. They walked at a self-selected walking speed across a 10m level ground. Simultaneously angle and angular velocity in the hip and knee joint were measured by motion analysis system. Then continuos relative phase(CRP), standard deviations of CRP (CRP_SD) and symmetry index(SI) were calculated. In able bodies, there were no differences of the parameters between left and right limb(all p>0.05). However, significant differences between sound and prosthetic limb in most of the parameters, except for CRP for stance phase were shown (all p<0.05). There were differences in all SI between transfemoral amputees and able bodies (p<0.05). In conclusion, joint coordination was altered in transfemoral amputee during level walking and shown in interlimb asymmetry.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to verify the emotional response of user to LED light colors in healing bed system in cypress tree. Eight colors of LED light were provided including red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet and white. And three illumination color temperature were provided including 3,000K, 5,000K, 8,000K. Seven subjects in their twenties were involved without the medical history of eyes and heart disorders. The subjects were exposed to LED lighting during 5 minutes and their emotional response was evaluated through the following: first, at the physiological effect heart rate variability(HRV) was measured during the stimulation; second, at the emotion level the subjects were asked about lighting color and color temperature through a survey. Results, lower color temperature of 3,000K and green color shows high value on HRV. We have found that there is a difference of physiological and emotion level effect depending on color stimulus. This study could be applied to reference data to analysis of a decrease in fatique and charges of brain waves for color stimulus.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2016

Software reliability in the software development process is an important issue. Software process improvement helps in finishing with reliable software product. Infinite failure NHPP software reliability models presented in the literature exhibit either constant, monotonic increasing or monotonic decreasing failure occurrence rates per fault. In this study, reliability software cost model considering shape parameter based on life distribution from the process of software product testing was studied. The cost comparison problem of the Lomax distribution reliability growth model that is widely used in the field of reliability presented. The software failure model was used the infinite failure non-homogeneous Poisson process model. The parameters estimation using maximum likelihood estimation was conducted. For analysis of software cost model considering shape parameter. In the process of change and large software fix this situation can scarcely avoid the occurrence of defects is reality. The conditions that meet the reliability requirements and to minimize the total cost of the optimal release time. Studies comparing emissions when analyzing the problem to help kurtosis So why Kappa efficient distribution, exponential distribution, etc. updated in terms of the case is considered as also worthwhile. In this research, software developers to identify software development cost some extent be able to help is considered.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2016

The effects of post-annealing and temperature/humidity conditions on the interfacial adhesion energies of atomic layer deposited RuAlO diffusion barrier layer for Cu interconnects were systematically investigated. The initial interfacial adhesion energy measured by four-point bending test was $7.60J/m^2$. The interfacial adhesion energy decreased to $5.65J/m^2$ after 500 hrs at $85^{\circ}C$/85% T/H condition, while it increased to $24.05J/m^2$ after annealing at $200^{\circ}C$ for 500 hrs. The X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed that delaminated interface was RuAlO/$SiO_2$ for as-bonded and T/H conditions, while it was Cu/RuAlO for post-annealing condition. XPS O1s peak separation results revealed that the effective generation of strong Al-O-Si bonds between $AlO_x$ and $SiO_2$ interface at optimum post-annealing conditions is responsible for enhanced interfacial adhesion energies between RuAlO/$SiO_2$ interface, which would lead to good electrical and mechanical reliabilities of atomic layer deposited RuAlO diffusion barrier for advanced Cu interconnects.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2005

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and unconjugated estriol (uE3) were added to AFP to make what is commonly known as the Triple test. The Triple test combines results from these three tests and has been a standard screening procedure for several years. Recent studies have demonstrated the usefulness of adding inhibin-A to Down's syndrome risk assessment. The Quad test adds dimeric Inhibin-A (DIA) to the three other markers and uses the same computer program to calculate risk factors. Testing was performed between 14 and 21 weeks of gestation. Sample size were 648 samples and period of study was from 1, July, 2004 to 30, September, 2004. Used analytical methods for AFP, hCG and uE3 were radioimmunoassay (RIA) and dimeric inhibin A was enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Adding dimeric inhibin-A as a fourth marker to the standard triple test increases the detection rate from 62 % to 75 % with a false-positive rate of 5%. The DIA based Quad test has been shown to be the most effective second trimester screening test for Down's syndrome suitable for routine use. Increased DIA values are observed during normal pregnancy where a bimodal pattern response is seen. Values increase during the first trimester, decline after 14 weeks, and re-ascend between 17-25 weeks. Values for DIA may be additionally elevated during a Down's syndrome pregnancy. Dimeric inhibin A is a glycoprotein hormone made by the ovary and placenta. DIA levels are twice as high in Down's syndrome pregnancies. AFP, hCG, and uE3 levels vary with gestational age, and incorrect gestational dating will influence results. DIA levels do not vary substantially with gestational age, resulting in greater screening accuracy. Although the Quad test is an improvement over the Triple test, it is important to underscore the fact that a positive test on both should be done. Most women who initially screen positive will be found to be carrying normal babies when amniocentesis and definitive diagnostic chromosome analysis are done.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.135-153
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• 2014

Tendencies such as the increasing spread of market globalization, new technological developments, the reduction of product life cycles and aggressive competition, are generating high levels of environmental changes and uncertainty for organizations of all types. these circumstances require rapid responses through adaptation of organizational attitudes and capabilities, which lead to innovative management approaches and organizational methods. Human resource management researchers have struggled to elaborate the underlying mechanism explaining how human resource systems relate to organizational performance after universalistic perspectives were supported by a majority of studies investigating the positive relationship between human resource management system and firm performance. To fill the void, hypotheses in this study predicted human resource flexibility that would mediate the relationship between human resource management system and firm performance. The research model among the variables in this study was as follows: These theoretical models were tested with a sample of 138 firms in Korea. The analysis of data was undertaken by using AMOS. The Summary of the verification results is follows: Firstly, most of human resource management system and human resource flexibility had positive effects on human resource performance Secondly, most of human resource management system and human resource flexibility had positive effects on firm's financial performance Thirdly, human resource flexibility had mediated the relationship between human resource management system and firm performance The results of the present research may be demonstrated that organizations or managers could achieve a high level of management practices that lead to firm performance by enabling human resource to be flexible through high performance human resource management system.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.189-204
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of transformational leadership of the leader in the wedding industry on the behavior of employees, and also to examine the equity perception of employees on their behavior. As a result of analysis, when the relation between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior was examined, transformational leadership had not effect on behavior of employees. Thus, hypothesis 1 was rejected. As transformational leadership had significant effect on equity perception, hypothesis 2 was adopted. When the relation between equity perception and organizational citizenship behavior was analyzed, equity perception had significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Thus, hypothesis 3 was adopted. When the mediating effect of equity perception in the process of the effect of transformational leadership on organizational citizenship behavior as hypothesis 4 was examined, equity perception had partial mediating effects. Thus, hypothesis 4 was partially adopted. Accordingly, the leader in the wedding industry needs to demonstrate transformational leadership in order to promote organizational citizenship behavior of employees and also makes employees to feel impartial treatment and procedural impartiality. Further studies on practical measures of this issue are recommended.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.21-29
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• 2016

Cell segmentation is an important but time-consuming and laborious task in biological image analysis. An automated, robust, and fast method is required to overcome such burdensome processes. These needs are, however, challenging due to various cell shapes, intensity, and incomplete boundaries. A precise cell segmentation will allow to making a pathological diagnosis of tissue samples. A vast body of literature exists on cell segmentation in microscopy images [1]. The majority of existing work is based on input images and predefined feature models only - for example, using a deformable model to extract edge boundaries in the image. Only a handful of recent methods employ data-driven approaches, such as supervised learning. In this paper, we propose a novel data-driven cell segmentation algorithm for bright-field microscopy images. The proposed method minimizes an energy formula defined by two dictionaries - one is for input images and the other is for their manual segmentation results - and a common sparse code, which aims to find the pixel-level classification by deploying the learned dictionaries on new images. In contrast to deformable models, we do not need to know a prior knowledge of objects. We also employed convolutional sparse coding and Alternating Direction of Multiplier Method (ADMM) for fast dictionary learning and energy minimization. Unlike an existing method [1], our method trains both dictionaries concurrently, and is implemented using the GPU device for faster performance.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.155-166
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• 2016

It is important to configure capacitance(C) of the capacitor and the induction coefficient(L) of the work coil on the resonant circuit design stage in order to induce heating on the object by a precise and constant frequency components in the electromagnetic induction heating equipment. Work coil conducts a direct induction heating according to heating point and area of the object which has a fixed heat factor so that work coil is designed to has fixed value. On the other hands, Capacitor should be designed to be changed in order to be the higher the utilization of the entire equipment. It is extracted the samples by variation of single electrode capacity from the selection stage of raw materials for capacity to the stage of process design for output of the high frequency LC resonance of 700kHz on 1000 VAC maximum voltage and current to $200I_{MAX}$. It is suggested fundamental experiment results in order to prove relation for the optimal design of HF-LC resonance conduction-cooled capacitor based on the response of frequency characteristics and results of output parameters according to variation of the capacitance size.