• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 1994

Various antimicrobial agents are widely used for the purpose of antimicrobial process. We investigated antimicrobial activity and reduction efficiency of mal-ordour by the diphenyl ether compound (2,4,4'- trichloro -2'- hydroxy diphenyl ether) against Sraphylocom aureus(S.aureus and Proton vulgaris(p.vulgaris causing the mal-ordour, Especially, the diphenyl ether compound is not restricted to the regulation of water-contamination. In this research, we found that the optimum concentration of diphenyl ether compound was 1.5w% for both strains and antimicrobial expressions were c0.38t= 2.56 for S.aureus, c0.38t=2.67 for P.vulgaris. We found also that -OH group played the role of antimicrobial functional group. Lastly, reduction effect of mal-ordour was more than 90% for both strain at the optimum conditions. Key Words : antimicrobial agents, antimicrobial activity, reduction effect of mal-ordour, antimicrobial expression, antimicrobial functional group.

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2005

The antimicrobial effect of each fraction after fractionation of an ethanol extract of leaf mustard was examined in terms of nucleic acid, chloroform, ethylacetate, and butanol. The ethylacetate fraction, which showed the strongest level of antimicrobial effect among the different ethanol extract fractions of leaf mustard, was isolated and purified using silica gel column chromatography and HPLC, respectively, to obtain a single antimicrobial substance called KLM-1. The antimicrobial effect of this substance was 10 times higher than that of the ethylacetate fraction. A further study is on the way to confirm the structure of the antimicrobial substance KLM-1 through LC/Mass and NMR.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.187-200
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to investigate antimicrobial effect of several irrigation solutions on 7 anaerobes and 2 aerobes, which are found frequently in infected root canals. The antimicrobial effects of normal saline, 3% $H_2O_2$, 0.5% & 3.5% NaOCl, 10% & 50% citric acid and mixed solutions of 3% $H_2O_2$ plus 3.5% NaOCl were compared. No. 80 paper points dipped in bacterial broth were soaked in each irrigation solutions and moved into thioglycolate broth, subcultured in agar plate for bacterial growth. The results were as follows: 1. Normal saline had no antimicrobial effect. 2. Mixed solutions of 3% $H_2O_2$ plus 3.5% NaOCl, 10% citric acid had relatively weak antimicrobial effect. 3.3% $H_2O_2$, 50% citric acid, 0.5% NaOCl showed relatively strong antimicrobial effect. 4. 3.5% NaOCl had the strongest antimicrobial effect among used 7 irrigation solutions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1106-1109
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• 2005

The antimicrobial effect of the wood vinegar of C. japanica sapwood and its constituents was evaluated against Ralstonia salanacearum, Phytophthora capsid, Fusarium oxysporum, and Pythium splendens. Phenols and guaiacols had a strong antimicrobial effect against four kinds of microorganisms, but methanol and acetic acid exhibited little or no antimicrobial activity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.412-415
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• 2009

Chinensis galla has been used as an multi-functional herb, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, and antitumor agent. This study was performed to antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effect in vitro. The results were summarized as follows : Chinensis galla was antimicrobial effect on Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis. Chinensis galla was antimicrobial effect on Kocuria rhizophila, Corynebacterium ammoniagenes. The extracts of Chinensis galla exhibited cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblast at $10\;{\mu}{\ell}$ but not at $5\;{\mu}{\ell}$, and the same results was known under a microscope. Accordingly the results show Chinensis galla could antimicrobial effect but exhibited cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblast at high concentration and it needs more research.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.113-117
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• 2003

In order to develop a antimicrobial agent, bamboo oil was extracted by high temperature suction from dired bamboo truk and then antimictobial activities against Trichophyton and Pityrosporum are investigated. 1. Bamboo oil showed the strongest antimicrobial effect on Trichophyton mentagrophytes > Epidermophyton floccusum > Trichophyton rubrun. Bamboo oil showed the strongest antimicrobial activity on Trichophyton mentagrophytes. 2. Bamboo oil showed the strongest antimicrobial effect on Pityroporum ovale 75 > Pityrosporum ovale 77. Bamboo oil showe the strongest antimicrobial activity on Pityroporum ovale 75.3 Antimicrobial effect in 50%-ethanol extracts of bamboo oil are similar to 100%-bamboo oil.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 2005

Most of cosmetics are emulsion products that contain the source of nutrition vegetable oil, mineral oil, natural extract and carbohydrate etc. There are many possibilities to be contaminated by microbials. We investigated the effect of antimicrobial and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) with thiamine dilauryl sulfate(TDS), which was prepared to use cosmetic lotion formulation. Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) and Escherichia col(E. coli) were used as test organism. MIC value of TDS was determined aganist microorganism for the growth inhibition by concentration of TDS. From the MIC results, antimicrobial effect of TDS was generally more effective to gram positive than gram negative. Antimicrobial effect with pH value against some microorganism appeared in the following order : pH 5 > pH 6 > pH 7. It showed strong antimicrobial activities against S. aureus, and weak antimicrobial activities against E. coli. If it was possible to determine the formulations with TDS, it would be effective to reduce the artificial preservatives.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.241-252
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• 2014

The goal of endodontic treatment is the prevention and control of pulpal and periradicular infections. Calcium hydroxide ($Ca(OH)_2$) has been widely used in endodontics as an intracanal medicament to eliminate the remaining microorganisms after chemomechanical preparation. The purpose of this article is to review the antimicrobial properties of $Ca(OH)_2$ as an intracanal medicament in root canal treatment. The first part of this review details the characteristics of $Ca(OH)_2$ and summarizes the results of in vitro studies related to its antimicrobial effect. The antimicrobial effect of $Ca(OH)_2$ results from the release of hydroxyl ions when it comes into contact with aqueous fluids. $Ca(OH)_2$ has a wide range of antimicrobial effects against common endodontic pathogens, but is less effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. The addition of vehicles or other agents might contribute to the antimicrobial effect of $Ca(OH)_2$.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.149-154
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• 2013

In general, oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) have antimicrobial effect against Gram-positive bacteria but not Gram-negative bacteria whereas sophoraflavanone G has antimicrobial activity against both bacterial types. However, the antimicrobial effects of OA, UA, and sophoraflavanone G against periodontopathogens have not been studied to any great extent. The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial effect of OA, UA, and sophoraflavanone G against 15 strains (5 species) of oral Gram-negative bacteria, which are the major causative bacteria of periodontal disease. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) determinations. OA and UA showed antimicrobial effects against all of the Porphyromonas gingivalis strains tested and also Prevotella intermedia ATCC $25611^T$. Interestingly, P. intermedia ATCC 49046 showed greater resistance to OA and UA than P. intermedia ATCC $25611^T$. In contrast, sophoraflavanone G had antimicrobial activity against all strains, with MIC and MBC values below $32{\mu}g/ml$, except Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. These results indicate that sophoraflavanone G may have potential for use in future oral hygiene products such as dentifrices and gargling solution to prevent periodontitis.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.16-19
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• 1990

This study was designed to compare the Antimicrobial effect of the several antibiotics on anaerobes. After Bacteroides gingivalis was streaked on the surface of Blood agar plates, antibiotic discs were applied and cultured 5 days anaerobically. Following results were obtained 1. All of the examined antibiotics had antimicrobial activity with varying degree. 2. The antimicrobial activity of Clindamycin and Tetracycline was larger than any other antibiotics. Vancomycin showed the lowest activity. Erythromycin and Ampicillin showed the moderate antimicrobial activity. (P<0.05)