• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1970

Experiments were carried out in order to study the relationship of thyroid activity to growth potentiality in chicken. Further work was also performed to determine thyroid secretion rate and body gain of the different sexes. A correlation coefficient of 0.241 in the male and 0.237 in the female were obtained between daily gains and daily thyroid $^{131}I$ out put rate in the chicken. The correlation was not statistically significant, but the chicken with a lower thyroid activity tended to gain faster than those with a higher thyroid activity. The average daily gain of the female(12.13 gram) was significantly higher than the male (9.28 gram). The average daily thyroid secretion rate of male tended to have a higher rate, but it was not statistically significant.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2004

This study was conducted to estimate genetic parameter of Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire breeds based on the on-farm performance tested records of 57,316 pigs under the supervision of Korean Animal Improvement Association from 1992 to 1999. Genetic parameters were estimated with a multiple trait animal model by using DF - REML. The result obtained in this study was summarized as follow ; The estimated heritabilities of Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire were 0.46${\sim}$0.65 for the average backfat thickness, 0.28${\sim}$0.31 for loin depth, 0.50～0.60 for percent lean, 0.45${\sim}$0.55 for the average daily gain, 0.38${\sim}$0.50 for age at 90kg, respectively. Phenotypic correlation of average backfat thickness with loin depth, percent lean, average daily gain and age at 90㎏ for the three breeds were -0.12${\sim}$-0.01, -0.81${\sim}$-0.76, 0.34${\sim}$0.46, and -0.41${\sim}$-0.33, respectively. Phenotypic correlation of loin depth with percent lean, average daily gain and age at 90kg were 0.12${\sim}$0.23, 0.03${\sim}$0.21, and -0.17${\sim}$-0.03, respectively. Phenotypic correlation of percent lean with average daily gain and age at 90kg were -0.37${\sim}$-0.26 and 0.26～0.35, respectively. Phenotypic correlation of average daily gain with age at 90kg was -0.97${\sim}$-0.95. The estimated genetic correlation coefficients of average backfat thickness with loin depth, percent lean, average daily gain and age at 90kg estimated for the three breeds were -0.17${\sim}$0.03, -0.79${\sim}$-0.69, 0.24${\sim}$0.45 and -0.41${\sim}$-0.19, respectively. The estimated genetic correlation coefficients of loin depth with percent lean, average daily gain and age at 90kg were 0.11～0.19, 0.23 and -0.30～-0.20, respectively. The estimated correlation coefficients of percent lean with average daily gain and age at 90kg were -0.36${\sim}$-0.13 and 0.10～0.34, respectively. The estimated genetic correlation coefficients of average daily gain with age at 90㎏ was -0.96${\sim}$-0.95.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2022

This study was conducted to evaluation the effects of dietary soybean meal (SBM) and fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on the growth performance of Korean native cattle as Hanwoo calves (Bos taurus coreanae) and Holstein cows. In total, 16 calves three to four months old (Control group, SBM: 5 males and 3 females, average weight 105.7 kg; Experimental group, FSBM: 5 males and 3 females, average weight 103.7 kg) were fed 5% of the feed amount for 53 days. In terms of growth performance outcomes, the average gain body weight was significantly higher in the FSBM group than in the SBM group in the final fattening period. The average daily gain in body weight (ADGBW) for the FSBM group was higher than that of the SBM group in the final fattening period. The average gain body weight in four months for FSBM was higher than that at three months in the final fattening period. Diarrhea incidence for FSBM was significantly decreased compared to that in the SBM group in the six-week period after weaning. These results indicate that dietary FSBM can improve the growth rate and health condition during the calving period. Holstein cows fed fermented soybean meal had higher milk urea nitrogen levels and decreased somatic cell counts compared to those fed SBM. These results may be closely related with the increased average daily gain body weight associated with dietary FSBM.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 1993

This study was conducted to determine the main effect of the breed, parity, forrowing year and month on average daily gain, feed efficiency, backfat thickness, age at 90 Kg body weight and selection index. The data analysis were the record of 115 male pigs producted from Landrace. Large Yorkshire and Duroc purebreds tested at Chungnam Province Animal Breeding Station from 1986 to 1990. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. The breed average of daily gain, feed efficiency, backfat thickness, age at 90Kg body weight and selection index were $922.25{\pm}17.2$g, $2.85{\pm}0.04$, $2.03{\pm}0.04$cm, $135.44{\pm}1.38$ days and $168.33{\pm}2.42$, respectively. 2. The effect of breed was highly significant at 1% level in average daily gain, age at 90Kg body weight and selection index, and significant at 5% level in backfat thickness. Among the purebreds, Duroc was superior in average daily gain, age at 90Kg body weight and selection index with 977.22g, 132.47 days and 172.35, respectively. But Large Yorkshire was 1.95cm thiner than other breeds in backfat thickness. 3. The effect of parity was highly significant at 1% level in average daily gain, and significant at 5% level in backfat thickness and selection index. Among the parity, the 3rd and 4th parity were superior in average daily gain and selection index with 974.92g 177.61, 959.48g and 177.84, respectively. 4. The effect of forrowing year was highly significant at 1% level in average daily gain, feed efficiency and selection index, and that of forrowing month was highly significant at 1% level in average daily gain, and significant at 5% level in backfat thickness and selection index, respectively. Among the forrowing month, March was superior in average daily gain and selection index with 968.22g and 174.54, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.677-681
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• 1999

Estimates were made of genetic parameters for average daily gain (ADG) and average backfat thickness (ABF), and of the effect of sex on estimates of variance-covariance components for average daily gain of boars (DGM) and gilts (DGF) and average bacfat thickness of boars (BFM) and gilts (BFF) by residual maximum likelihood (REML) under a bivariate animal model. Data included a total of 2233 records (757 for boars and 1476 for gilts) of the Large White breed born between 1981 and 1986 in Miyazaki and Iwate prefectures in Japan. Heritability estimates for ADG and ABF were 0.43 and 0.69, respectively, with a genetic correlation of -0.08. Heritability estimates for DGM and DGF were 0.54 and 0.46, respectively, with a genetic correlation of 0.79, including that the two traits are influenced by similar but not identical genes. Respective estimates for BFM and BFF were 0.71 and 0.72 with a genetic correlation of 0.95, indicating that identical genes influence backfat thickness in boars and gilts.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1464-1470
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• 2017

Objective: This study investigated the effect of fermented biogas residue (FBR) of wheat on the performance, serum biochemical parameters, and meat quality in pigs. Methods: We selected 128 pigs (the mean initial body weight was $40.24{\pm}3.08kg$) and randomly allocated them to 4 groups (1 control group and 3 treatment groups) with 4 replicates per group and 8 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design based on initial body weight and sex. The control group received a corn-soybean meal-based diet, the treatment group fed diets containing 5%, 10%, and 15% FBR, respectively (abbreviated as FBR5, FBR10, and FBR15, respectively). Every group received equivalent-energy and nitrogen diets. The test lasted 60 days and was divided into early and late stages. Blood and carcass samples were obtained on 60 d. Meat quality was collected from two pigs per pen. Results: During the late stage, the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of the treatment groups was greater than that of the control group (p<0.05). During the entire experiment, the average daily gain of the treatment groups was higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). Fermented biomass residue did not significantly affect serum biochemical parameters or meat quality, but did affect amino acid profiles in pork. The contents of Asp, Arg, Tyr, Phe, Leu, Thr, Ser, Lys, Pro, Ala, essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids, and total amino acids in pork of FBR5 and FBR10 were greater than those of the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These combined results suggest that feeding FBR could increase the average daily gain and average daily feed intake in pigs and the content of several flavor-promoting amino acids.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.523-530
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• 2002

Repeatabilities and Correlations among Average Daily Gain, Backfat Thickness and Lean Percent in Swine The repeatability, correlation and rank correlation coefficients among average daily gain, backfat thickness and lean percent were estimated on the basis of records tested from August 1999 to February 2000 with 695 pigs of Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire boars and gilts tested at 2nd Korea Swine Test Station located in Ha-dong, Kyeongnam Province. The effect of the sex, breed and month of measured were estimated by the least square method. The repeatabilities were estimated from the component of variance among repeated measurements of the trait for the same animal. The results obtained are summarized as follow ; 1. The means of the major economic traits studied were 142.1 days, 173.7 days and 182.5 days for age at 1st, 2nd and 3rd measure, 57.9%, 56.2% and 55.2% for lean percent at 1st, 2nd and 3rd measure, 1.33cm, 1.61cm and 1.63cm for backfat thickness at 1st, 2nd and 3rd measure, 946.6g, 879.2g and 879.4g for average daily gain at 1st, 2nd and 3rd measure, respectively. 2. The correlation coefficients between the backfat thicknesses measured at 1st and 2nd, at 2nd and 3rd, at 1st and 3rd were 0.424, 0.700 and 1.424, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the lean percent measured at 1st and 2nd, at 2nd and 3rd, at 1st and 3rd were 0.493, 0.619 and 0.471, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the average daily gain measured at 1st and 2nd, at 2nd and 3rd, at 1st and 3rd were 0.716, 0.861 and 0.601, respectively. 3. The rank correlation coefficients between backfat thickness measured at 1st and 2nd, at 2nd and 3rd, at 1st and 3rd were 0.438, 0.693 and 0.441, respectively. The rank correlation coefficients between lean percent measured at 1st and 2nd, at 2nd and 3rd, at 1st and 3rd were 0.508, 0.593 and 0.478, respectively. The rank correlation coefficients between average daily gain measured at 1st and 2nd, at 2nd and 3rd, at 1st and 3rd were 0.704, 0.834 and 0.571, respectively. 4. The estimated repeatabilities of the traits studied were 0.428 for the lean percent, 0.374 for the backfat thickness and 0.673 for the average daily gain, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1440-1443
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• 2001

Forty eight $Duroc{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Landrace$ pigs ($15.2{\pm}0.3kg$ average initial BW) were used conducted to evaluate the effects dietary phytase (Phytezyme, WOOJIN, Co. Ltd) supplementation on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. There were three pigs per pen and four pens per treatment. Treatments were 1) Con (corn-wheat-SBM), 2) PE0.1 (low-P iet+0.1% Phytezyme), 3) PE0.2 (Iow-P diet+0.2% Phytezyme), 4) PE0.3 (low-P diet+0.3% Phytezyme). During d 0 to 28, average daily gain was not significantly different among the treatments. Pigs fed PE0.3 diet significantly decreased (p<0.05) their average daily feed intake compared to pigs fed Con diet. Also, gain/feed in pigs fed PE0.1 and PE0.3 diet was improved (p<0.05) compared to pigs fed Con and PE0.2 diet (p<0.05). For d 28 to 56, pigs fed PE0.2 diet grew significantly faster (p<0.05) than pigs fed Con and PE0.1 diet. Gain/feed was greater (p<0.05) for PE0.2 and PE0.3 treatments than for Con. For overall period, average daily gain was increased (P<0.05) by the addition of 0.2% Phytezyme compared with Con. Gain/feed was significantly improved (p<0.05) by supplementation of PE0.3. Pigs fed PE0.2 showed increased DM and N digestibilities compared to pigs fed other treatments. Supplemented diets PE0.2 and PE0.3 improved (p<0.05) the apparent digestibility of Ca and P compared to other treatments. In conclusion, the results obtained from these feeding trials suggest that the Phytezyme supplementation of diets for growing-finishing pigs had improved growth performance and nutrient availability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1255-1261
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• 2012

Thirty two Holstein female calves (initial body weight = $40{\pm}3.0$ kg) were used to investigate the effects of probiotic and prebiotic on average daily gain (ADG), fecal E. coli count, white blood cell count, plasma IgG1 level and cell-mediated immune response to injection of phytohemagglutinin in suckling female calves. Calves were assigned randomly to one of the four treatments, including whole milk without additives (control), whole milk containing probiotic, whole milk containing prebiotic and whole milk containing probiotic and prebiotic (synbiotic). Average daily gain was greater in calves fed probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (p<0.05). E. coli count was significantly lower in calves fed probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic on d 56 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between treatments in blood samples and cell-mediated response. This study showed that addition of probiotic, prebiotic and combination of these additives to milk enhanced ADG and reduced fecal E. coli count in preruminant calves.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1329-1334
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• 2011

The Hinai-dori is a breed of chicken native to Akita Prefecture, Japan. An $F_2$ resource population produced by crossing low- and high-growth lines of the Hinai-dori breed was analyzed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for growth traits. Highly significant QTLs for body weight at 10 and 14 weeks of age and average daily gain between 4 and 10 weeks and between 10 and 14 weeks of age were accordingly mapped in a common region between ADL0198 and ABR0287 on chromosome 1 and between MCW0240 and ABR0622 on chromosome 4, respectively. A significant QTL for body weight at 4 weeks of age and a significant QTL for average daily gain between 0 and 4 weeks of age were mapped for the first time to the same region flanking ABR0204 and ABR0284 on chromosome 1. These QTLs are good candidates for application in the development of marker-assisted selection strategies for increasing growth efficiencies in the Hinai-dori breed and native breeds of chickens in Asia.