• Title/Summary/Keyword: Balance test

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Wettability Evaluation by Wetting Balance Test and Wetting Characteristics of Solders (웨팅밸런스법을 통한 젖음성 평가와 솔더의 젖음 특성)

  • Jeon, Wook Sang;Rajendran, Sri Harini;Jung, Jae Pil
    • Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2019
  • Wettability is an important factor to decide solderability of solder, flux, other soldering-related materials and soldering conditions. The wettability also affects the reliability of solder joint. Wetting balance test is a good method for quantitatively measuring wettability between solder and substrate. The wetting balance test is easy to reproduce the wetting experiment and to measure the wetting time and force. And this test provides wetting curve to calculate the surface tension of the molten solder. Development of new solder has been continued in accordance with various and harsh environment in the electronics industry. In this paper, the principle of wetting balance test and recent research issues including nano-composite solder are explained.

Availability of Functional Reach Test for Balance Evaluation of the Elderly Through Sensory Organization Test (감각 조직화 검사를 통한 노인의 균형평가를 위한 기능적 뻗기 검사의 유용성)

  • Kim, Yong-Wook;Choi, Houng-Sik;Kim, Tae-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.293-301
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    • 2011
  • Purpose : The purposes of this study were to investigate the age-related difference in balance ability in the elderly over 65 years and to verify the clinical usefulness of the functional reach test (FRT) for balance evaluation of the elderly through the sensory organization test (SOT). Methods : The subjects were forty-six community dwelling elderly people over 65 years old in order to verify the correlation of balance measures and to compare the balance ability. Balance was measured using the FRT and the six sub-equilibrium scores and the composite equilibrium score of the SOT. Pearson's product correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationships among these measurements of balance. Results : There was a significant difference in functional reach by age in the elderly (p<.01). There was a significant negative correlation between the FRT and the age of the elderly (r=-.396, p<.01). There was also significant high positive correlation between the FRT and the eye closed sway surface (EC/SS) (r=.789, p<.01), and composite equilibrium score (r=.548, p<.01) of the SOT. Conclusion : Thus, it is possible to use the FRT as a quantitative measure of balance, rather than the SOT, which is more expensive and complicated to evaluate elderly people. According to the results of this study, the use of the FRT is required clinically to objectively measure the balance of elderly people in the future.

Wettability Analysis of Solders using Wetting Balance Test (Wetting Balance Test를 이용한 솔더의 젖음성 분석)

  • Jung, Do-hyun;Lim, Dong-uk;Baek, Bum-gyu;Yim, Song-hee;Yoon, Jong-hyuk;Jung, Jae Pil
    • Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2017
  • Recently, there has been a continuous researches on solders having sophisticated and improved performance due to demand for high-density and miniaturization of electronics, and development of solder for automotive electronics which can be used in harsh environment. When developing a new solder alloy, there is a wettability of solder on substrate for things to consider, and the wetting balance test is one of the methods for measuring that one. In this paper, the wetting balance test is introduced, and the calculus of the surface tension of solder and the contact angle between solder and substrate using wetting curve obtained is introduced too. In detail, the principle and test method of the wetting balance test, the introduction of the parameters with important meaning in the wetting curve, the method of calculating the contact angle as well as the surface tension of the solder using the shape of the solder meniscus.

The Effects of Stabilization Exercise for Balance in Patients With Stroke (안정화 운동이 뇌졸중 환자의 균형 능력에 미치는 영향)

  • Yang, Seung-Hoon
    • Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.29-38
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    • 2008
  • The purposes of this study were to examine whether balance training through stabilization exercise had influence on the improvement of stroke patients' ability in balancing, and to understand whether the effects had the differences to traditional balance training, if it had effects. Subjects were divided into two groups, a stabilization exercise group(n=28) and a conventional balance exercise group (n=28), and a balance exercise program was conducted twice a day, 30 min for 1 time, 10 times a week for 4 weeks. After the program, the stabilization exercise showed significant improvement of balance ability in Bug Balance Scales (BBS), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), comparing with the status of pre -training, as well as the conventional balance training (p<.05). Independent samples t-test was executed in order to verify the significancy in the effects between the two groups and the result showed significant improvement in their average value after training for BBS. However, there was no significant difference in TUG and FRT. As a result, it was examined that partially, there was significant difference only in BBS. According to the results as presented above, if stabilization exercise, which can apply diverse movements and postures, properly keeps pace with conventional balance exercise, stroke patients would obtain significant effects on the improvement of balance ability.

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EMS Application Effect of Lower Extremities to Improve Static Balance Capability (정적 균형능력 향상을 위한 하지 의류의 EMS 적용 효과)

  • Hwang, Sunkyu;Park, Jinhee;Kim, Jooyong
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.151-160
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there were improvements on balance when both ankle-jointed calf muscles and hip muscles, which affect balance capabilities, were activated through taping techniques and EMS. In this study, the One Leg Standing Test, a static balance test, was conducted by experimenting on a flat floor, foam pad, and a stretching board with a gradient of 20 degrees, respectively, to study static balance capabilities in different situations. Nine healthy men in their 20s were measured five times every five minutes considering muscle fatigue, and the difference between each variable was analyzed through post-test using nonparametric statistical analysis. Our results showed an equal increase in static balance capability was similar when EMS was applied only to calf muscles and only to hip muscles. Notably most improvements were seen when wearing calf supporters and taping technology pants, and applying EMS together. It was also found that the difference between EMS electric stimulation and balance capability was greater when wearing and applying supporters and taping technology pants. Based on the results of the present study, a muscle support band and EMS of taping techniques can improve balance capabilities. These findings are expected to form a basis for solutions Improving the balance capabilities

Effects of Mat Pilates Exercise on Lower Extremity Function, Postural Balance, and Walking in the Older Women with Total Knee Arthroplasty

  • Wonjae Choi
    • Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.517-525
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    • 2022
  • Objective: The rehabilitation protocols for functional recovery have been emphasized after total knee arthroplasty, and Pilates is in the spotlight as a safe and easily modified exercise method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mat Pilates exercise on lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking in the individuals with total knee arthroplasty. Design: One group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Eighteen older women with unilateral total knee arthroplasty was recruited in the study. The subjects were evaluated on lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking before and after mat Pilates exercise. All subject performed one hour mat Pilates exercise, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Mat Pilates exercises were focused on core stability and lower extremity strengthening and, more dynamic movements were added to increase the difficulty of movements every two weeks. The lower extremity function was measured using the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), knee joint position sense, and five times sit-to-stand test. Postural balance was assessed by single leg stance test, functional reach test, and timed up and go test. Walking was measured by OptoGait system to temporospatial parameter. Results: The lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking were significantly improved after mat Pilates exercise, except for five times sit-to-stand test (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the mat Pilates exercise was a useful method to improve lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking in the older women with unilateral total knee arthroplasty.

The Correlation between Static and Dynamic Balance Index according to the Virtual Reality-Based Squat and Conventional Squat Exercise (가상현실기반과 고전적 스쿼트 운동 방법에 따른 정적, 동적 균형지수 간 상관분석)

  • Yoon, Junggyu
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2019
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between static and dynamic balance according to the virtual reality-based squat and conventional squat exercise. Methods : Twenty four participants were randomly assigned to the virtual reality-based squat (VRS) group (n=12) or conventional squat (CS) group (n=12). The static balance (C90 area, C90 angle, trace length, sway average velocity) and dynamic balance (forward, rearward, leftward, rightward) were measured using a force plate by BT4. The VRS group used the virtual reality system during 4 weeks, while the CS group underwent classical squat training. Independent t-test was used to test the homogeneity of the general characteristics of the subjects. The collected data was analyzed using the paired t-test for static and dynamic balance comparisons before and after exercise in both groups and Pearson's test for the correlation between static and dynamic balance according to the measured time. The significance level was set to 0.05. Results : There was no significant correlation between group and static and dynamic balance related variables (p>.05). There was a significant correlation between measurement time and static and dynamic balance related variables (p<.05). According to the measurement time, the static balance parameter C90 area in the VRS group after exercise was significantly decreased (p<.05). The values of forward, leftward and rightward in the VRS group were significantly increased after exercise (p<.05). Conclusion : It is suggested that 20 normal healthy adult men and women who have normal balance ability can improve their ability to control their posture by improving the balance ability when applying virtual reality-based squat exercise.

The Effects of PNF Technique Versus Trunk Exercise Program on the Pain, Disability and Balance in Chronic LBP Patients (만성 요통환자에 대한 PNF와 체간운동프로그램이 통증, 기능장애 및 균형에 미치는 효과)

  • Jeon, Hye-Jin;Lee, Moon-Hwan
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.9 no.12
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    • pp.665-673
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    • 2009
  • This study was conducted to compare the PNF and Trunk Exercise Program has effectiveness on the pain, disability, static and dynamic balance in chronic low back pain patients. To evaluate the effects of exercise, subjects were evaluated by using VAS for pain, Oswestry disability index for disability, One leg stand test for static balance and Balance System for dynamic balance test. Pain, Oswestry disability index, One leg stand test, and Dynamic balance test in PNF had statistical significance than Trunk exercise program(p<0.05). So this results were suggested that the lifting and chopping pattern of PNF was effective on pain, disability and balance in chronic low back pain patients.

The Effects of Shoes Heel Height on EMG and Balance Performance (높은 굽이 균형 수행과 근활성도에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, J.K.;Kim, M.J.;Kim, S.R.;Oh, T.Y.
    • Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 2012
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high heeled shoes on the static & dynamic balance performance and electromyography(EMG) of back and lower extremity muscles. Materials & Methods : Sixteen women participated in this study. Subjects were composed two groups with LL shoes group and higher heel shoes group. We carried out Romberg's test and muscle activity of left and right Paraspinalis, Quadriceps femoris, Tibialis anterior, Gastrocnemius muscles by EMG in order to determine static balance performance according heel height. Using by Biorescue(Incenierie company), we trained subject to transfer of COG each direction(Anterior, posterior, Right, Left), we carried out this test for distance, surface, distance/surface in order to determine dynamic balance performance according heel height. The data were analyzed by independent t-test between lower and high heel height using SPSS(ver. 17.0)/PC program. Results : There was significant difference of distance(p<.05) of weight perturbation between lower and high group in dynamic balance performance and EMG value of left Gastrocnemius(p<.05), both Tibialis anterior(p<.05) muscle in static balance performance. Conclusions : Height of heel has effect on dynamic balance performance in distance of the Anterior, posterior direction. EMG of Gastrocnemius and Tibialis anterior muscles were affected by Romberg's test.

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The Relationship between Exchange Rate and Trade Balance: Empirical Evidence from Sri Lanka

  • FATHIMA THAHARA, Aboobucker;FATHIMA RINOSHA, Kalideen;FATHIMA SHIFANIYA, Abdul Jawahir
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.8 no.5
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    • pp.37-41
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    • 2021
  • This study aims to investigate the relationship between the exchange rate and Trade Balance. Trade Balance is used as the dependent variable, and the independent variables are Exchange Rate, Gross Domestic Product, and Inflation. Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test was adopted to test the stationary property of time series data, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag model was employed to find the long run and short-run relationship and long-run adjustment, Bound test approach, the unrestricted Error Correction Model and Granger Causality Test are used to analyze the data from 1977 to 2019. The research findings suggest that inflation has a positive impact on the trade balance in the short run. The exchange rate and the Gross Domestic Product have adverse effects on Trade balance in the long run. The coefficient of ER in the previous year is negative, and the coefficient of TB in the previous year is positive and significant. This is consistent with the J-Curve phenomenon, which states that devaluation may not improve trade balance in the immediate period, but will significantly impact the trade balance improvement in subsequent periods. Hence Marshall Lerner Condition exists in Sri Lanka.