• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics and forage production of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) in Jeju. Bermudagrass cultivars evaluated were Common and Ecotype. Bahiagrass cultivars evaluated were Tifton 9 and Argentine. Two warm season grasses were established at the Subtropical Animal Experiment Station in spring 2007. Emergence of bremudagrass and bahiagrass was observed approximately 16 days and 28 days after seeding, respectively. The heading dates of bermudagrass and bahiagrass were on 26 May and in mid-July, respectively. Bermudagrass cultivars had higher dry matter (DM) than bahiagrass at first harvest. Dry matter yield of bahiagrass was higher than that of bermudagrass (p<0.05). Peak forage DM production of bermudagrass and bahiagrass cultivars was in June and July, respectively. The content of crude protein (CP) and total digestibility nutrient (TDN) of bermudagrass cultivars were higher than those of bahiagrass during the first harvest. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) were similar across the four cultivars. In Jeju, bermudagrass and bahiagrass provide a useful option for supplemental summer forage in most livestock forage systems.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.137-146
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• 2001

Stolen and rhizome are used as planting material fur sod production in hybrid types of bermudagrass. The new technology of Leaves and Stems Dressing (LSD) uses leaves and stems collected from mowing for sod production and turf establishment. The procedure of Leaf and Stem Dressing is as follows; 1) Collection of leaves and stems of bermudagrass using rotary mower with bucket. 2) Preparation of turf bed. 3) Dressing of leaves and stems of bermudagrass by man power or spray machine. 4) first irrigation. 5) Topdressing with sand or rotary with tractor. 6) Final irrigation.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 1999

'Konwoo', bermudagrass[Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers.] (Patent registration no. 2000-724), a vegetative cultivar, was developed by the Dept. of Horticultural Science, Konkuk University, Seoul. 'Konwoo' was selected in 1997 among 20 lines collected from Korea, Japan, Tiwan, China, U. S. A, and Australia. 'Konwoo' morphologically similar to Tifway 419 was selected due to the erect type, short leaf length($1.3\pm$0.3cm), fine leaf($2.0\pm$0.5mm), rapid establishment and recoverage, many stolon number and high shoot density. When 'Konwoo' was compared to the four other bermudagrass lines at the DNA level using 54 PCR primers, it had the specific bands with primer No. 102, 275, 280, 295, 300, 739 by RAPD analysis.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2011

This study was conducted to identify the morphological characteristics and variations level by site environment of native bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) from costal and island region in South Korea. Soil chemical properties and morphological characteristics were investigated. There were significant differences in plant height, leaf width, leaf length, cotton on leaf blade, stolon, and number of seed per spike depending on where they were collected from natural habitat. We have discovered a variety of variation among the investigated traits in Korean native bermudagrass ecotypes. There were broad leaf and fine leaf types of native bermudgarass in S. Korea. Adaptability was in very high on inadequate environment in bermudagrass with broad leaf types, it has also been suggested that management worth in terms of use. These results may provide basic information for bermudagrass breeding development and the collected types during this investigation would be worth being preserved as genetic resources for further breeding purposes.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 2011

This study was carried out to determine the effect of seeding dates of Italian ryegrass interseeded into bermudagrass sod on the forage productivity and botanical composition of Italian ryegrass and bermudagrass. Experimental plot was located at 200 m altitude within Subtropical Animal Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Science in Jeju from 2009 to 2010. Seeding date treatments of Italian ryegrass into bermudagrass sod were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Italian ryegrass was drilled in row 20 cm apart after clipping the bermudagrass at a cutting height of 2~3 cm. Seeding time was on 15 September, 30 September and 15 October. The dry matter yield of Italian ryegrass was higher in 15 September seeding treatment, the dry matter yields of 30 September and 15 October seeding treatment were not different. The Italian ryegrass interseeded into bermudagrass sod didn't affect the dry matter yield in the summer harvests of bermudagrass, and the dry matter yield of bermudagrass showed the highest in August. In botanical composition, Italian ryegrass showed to reduced growth in early seedling stage after seeding by competition with bermudagrass, but Italian ryegrass was dominant to June increasing of temperature in spring next year and bermudagrass after Italian ryegrass harvests was dominant during summer season.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.402-407
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• 2013

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon.) is one of the most difficult weedy species to control in turfgrass because it's high tolerant to various environmental and management stresses. This experiment was performed to find the integrated weed management including cultural practices to suppress bermudagrass in Zoysiagrass matrella (L) Merr. As results, two sequential applications of Fluazifop-P-butyl 0.05 ml $m^{-2}$ + Triclopyr-TEA 0.5 ml $m^{-2}$ and Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 0.1 ml $m^{-2}$ + Triclopyr-TEA 0.5 ml $m^{-2}$ applied on 20 days intervals were evaluated the primary option for bermudagrass suppression and turfgrass injury was acceptable in zoysiagrass. In both treatments, turf injury was observed during 30days after the first application and almost recovered at 40days. While Fenoxaprop-Pethyl 0.1 ml $m^{-2}$ + Triclopyr-TEA 0.5 ml $m^{-22}$ were lightly phytotoxic to zoysiagrass in chlorophyll content test, there was no growth inhibition of zoysiagrass. Verticut practice (4 mm depth) just before herbicides application where zoyisagrass is contaminated with bermudagrass was not helpful to reduce turf injury in this experiment. However, alone verticut management was utilized to decrease about 12-14% bermudagrass population. Thus the application of Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 0.1 ml $m^{-2}$ + Triclopyr-TEA 0.5 ml $m^{-2}$ which are permitted for turfgrass after zoysiagrass is perfectly recovered from turf injury by verticut practice should be utilized for bermudagrass reduction in zoysiagrass.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2012

When perennial ryegrass was overseeded in bermudagrass fairway, shoot density of perennial ryegrass was gradually increased to $88,000/m^2$ at the end of May, however dramatically decreased to 0 in September over the rainy season. On the other hand, that of bermudagrass increased from $2,000/m^2$ in March to $20,000/m^2$ in early June, and then decreased to $4,000/m^2$ at the end of July, after the rainy season, rapidly increased to $50,000/m^2$ in early September. Overseeding bermudagrass fairway with perennial ryegrass was maintained a good quality from mid-April to mid-June and decreased the quality over the rainy season from late June to July, and then turf quality was decrease to the worst level at the end of July. After the rainy season fairway quality was improved gradually and was the highest-level during September and early October. Trifloxysulfuron-sodium was treated to minimize the deterioration in turf quality due to early bermudgrass transition time in spring. Consequently, transition was started in mid-May and shoot density of bermudagrass treated by trifloxysulfuron-sodium was $70,000/m^2$ in mid-June. Even in the rainy season it was sustained as $30,000/m^2$, approximately three times higher than that of untreated overseeding fairway.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.807-815
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• 2015

The present study aimed at evaluating the intensity of Tifton 85 conditioning using a mower conditioner with free-swinging flail fingers and storage times on dehydration curve, fungi presence, nutritional value and in vitro digestibility of Tifton 85 bermudagrass hay dry matter (DM). The dehydration curve was determined in the whole plant for ten times until the baling. The zero time corresponded to the plant before cutting, which occurred at 11:00 and the other collections were carried out at 8:00, 10:00, 14:00, and 16:00. The experimental design was randomised blocks with two intensities of conditioning (high and low) and ten sampling times, with five replications. The high and low intensities related to adjusting the deflector plate of the free iron fingers (8 and 18 cm). In order to determine gas exchanges during Tifton 85 bermudagrass dehydration, there were evaluations of mature leaves, which were placed in the upper middle third of each branch before the cutting, at every hour for 4 hours. A portable gas analyser was used by an infrared IRGA (6400xt). The analysed variables were photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), internal $CO_2$ concentration (Ci), transpiration (T), water use efficiency (WUE), and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi). In the second part of this study, the nutritional value of Tifton 85 hay was evaluated, so randomised blocks were designed in a split plot through time, with two treatments placed in the following plots: high and low intensity of cutting and five different time points as subplots: cutting (additional treatment), baling and after 30, 60, and 90 days of storage. Subsequently, fungi that were in green plants as well as hay were determined and samples were collected from the grass at the cutting period, during baling, and after 30, 60, and 90 days of storage. It was observed that Tifton 85 bermudagrass dehydration occurred within 49 hours, so this was considered the best time for drying hay. Gas exchanges were more intense before cutting, although after cutting they decreased until ceasing within 4 hours. The lowest values of acid detergent insoluble nitrogen were obtained with low conditioning intensity after 30 days of storage, 64.8 g/kg DM. The in vitro dry matter of Tifton 85 bermudagrass did not differ among the storage times or the conditioning intensities. There was no fungi present in the samples collected during the storage period up to 90 days after dehydration, with less than 30 colony forming units found on plate counting. The use of mower conditioners in different intensities of injury did not speed up the dehydration time of Tifton 85.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the optimum dose ranges for a mutation breeding based on the observations of a seed germination and an early growth in turfgrasses. Three warm season (Zoysiagrass, Bermudagrass, and Seashore paspalum) and four cool season turfgrasses (Kentucky bluegrass, Tall fescue, Perennial ryegrass, and Creeping bentgrass) were used in this study. We investigated the percentage of a seed germination and a seedling growth after irradiating the turfgrass seeds with various doses of gamma-ray (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, and 500 Gy). After 24 h with a gamma irradiation, the seeds were sown on the wet filter paper in a petri dish and maintained for 3 weeks at 30$^{\circ}C$ for the warm season turfgrasses and at 25$^{\circ}C$ for the cool season turfgrasses. Data on a seed germination and a seedling growth with three replications were collected. The percentage of seed germination was decreased with an increase of the gamma-ray dose. Shoot and root growth, and the fresh weight were decreased significantly as the radiation dose was increased. A radiation dose indicating a 50% growth inhibition ($LD_{50}$) with a gamma irradiation was varied among those turfgrass species used, with the highest at about 500 Gy for bermudagrass and the lowest at 100Gy for tall fescue. The optimum dose for a gamma irradiation for a selection of turfgrass mutants was considered to be about 300, 150, 500, 150, 200, 100 and 200 Gy for zoysiagrass, seashore paspalum, bermudagrass, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and creeping bentgrass, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2015

This study was conducted from 2013 to 2014 to explore the feasibility of the cultivation of warm-season grass as an annual Korean forage crop, while concurrently evaluating the characteristics and forage production of warm-season grass in Korea. The experimental design was a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Five bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] cultivars, two teffgrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) cultivars, and a Kleingrass [Panicum coloratum L.] cultivar were compared for forage production and quality in the middle region of Korea. After seeding, the numbers of days until seedling emergence for bermudagrass and kleingrass were observed at approximately day 11 and day 12, respectively. The heading dates of teffgrass and kleingrass were on July 12 and July 26, respectively. The dry matter (DM) yield of bermudagrass Tifton 85 was usually greater than the other entries. The crude protein content (CPC) and total digestibility nutrient (TDN) for the teffgrass cultivars were usually greater than the other entries at all study sites. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) were similar across all cultivars.