• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2016

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) has generally been used for the manufacture of animal feed and production of bio fuel. Limited research has been conducted in the utilization of SMS as a co-material for composting. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of composting vegetable waste mixed with various ratios of SMS (30, 40, and 50%). The results showed that the C/N ratio decreased when both sawdust (from 22.0~28.8 to 17.7~20.4) and SMS (from 18.5~19.5 to 12.7~16.8) were applied for composing, owing to increased contents of nitrogen. A maturity test conducted using mechanical (Solvita) and germination tests revealed that both sawdust (92.0~101.9%) and SMS (87.8~89.2%) satisfied a criteria of maturity standard (70%). A correlation analysis between compost maturity and its chemical properties revealed that the C/N ratio and pH were the most dominant parameters for compost maturity. Overall, SMS could be utilized as a compost material and especially, vegetable waste mixed with SMS could provide sufficient nutrients for crop growth.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2000

Regarding to maturity evaluation of pig manure compost mixed with saw dust, change of constituents of organic matter influenced by microbial activities were investigated. Throughout the two stages of active composting period, we obtained a lot of data related to compost stabilization. However, we found out that only a couple of parameters could be used for adequate evaluation of compost. We, therefore, decided that total sugar and reducing sugar could be used for the reasonable standard criteria of maturity during composting process, even though some enzyme activities by phosphates and cellulase reactions were obtained and compared. Because the other parameters such as contents of lignin, cellulose, and organic acids were difficult to be used for maturity evaluation of pig manure compost.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.257-260
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• 1990

김치 숙성도 판정을 위하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 김치를 발효시키면서 생성되는 이산화탄소를 soda lime에 흡착시키면서 6시간 간격으로 무게 증가율을 측정하였다. 발효 36시간경에 무게 증가율이 최대값을 나타내었는데, 이는 pH, 적정 산도 및 관능 검사의 결과와 비교했을 때 김치의 숙성 적기와 비교적 잘 일치하였다. 따라서 이 방법은 김치의 숙성도를 판정하는 데 유효한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.103-106
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• 2020

We investigated the biological maturation of blackthroat seaperch Doederleinia berycoides in southern Korea waters, based on samples collected from March 2018 to February 2019. We analyzed monthly changes in maturity stage, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and total length (TL) at 50%, 75% and 97.5% group maturity. The spawning period was May to October in 2018. We estimated the TL at 50% group maturity as 27.0 cm for females in 2018. We estimated the TL of females at 75% and 97.5% group maturity as 28.7 cm and 32.7 cm, respectively, in 2018.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.421-425
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• 1998

숙기가 다른 쌀의 쌀가루와 전분의 아밀로그래프 호화성질을 비교한 결과, 일정한 최고점도에 필요한 쌀가루 농도는 전분 농도보다 평균 1.32배 높았으며 숙기별로는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 전분은 농도 $7.5{\sim}9.0%$ 범위에서 숙기별로 아밀로그래프 특성값에 유의성을 보이지 않았다. 쌀가루는 $9{\sim}11%$ 농도에서는 최고점도가 숙기별로 유의성이 없었으나 12% 농도에서는 중생종이 가장 낮은 최고점도를 보였다. 또한 쌀가루 11%와 12%에서 강하점도는 숙기로 유의성이 있었다. 최고점도 1000 BU에 요하는 쌀가루 또는 전분의 농도는 숙기별로 차이가 없었다. 고농도 쌀가루(12%)의 경우, 아밀로그래프 호화성질은 품종간 차이 식별보다는 숙기별 식별에 유용하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.228-236
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• 2004

Two varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L cv. Pioneer and Beaver) and timothy (Phleum pratense L cv. Climax and Joliette), grown at different locations in Saskatchewan (Canada), were cut at three stages [1=one week before commercial cut (early bud for alfalfa; joint for timothy); 2=at commercial cut (late bud for alfalfa; pre-bloom head for timothy); 3=one week after commercial cut (early bloom for alfalfa; full head for timothy)]. The energy values of forages were determined using three approaches, including chemical (NRC 2001 formula) and biological approaches (standard in vitro and in situ assay). The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of forage variety and stage of maturity on energy values under the climate conditions of western Canada, and to investigate relationship between chemical (NRC 2001 formula) approach and biological approaches (in vitro and in situ assay) on prediction of energy values. The results showed that, in general, forage species (alfalfa vs. timothy) and cutting stage had profound impacts, but the varieties within each species (Pioneer vs. Beaver in alfalfa; Climax vs. Joliette in timothy) had minimal effects on energy values. As forage maturity increased, the energy contents behaved in a quadratic fashion, increasing at stage 2 and then significantly decreasing at stage 3. However, the prediction methods-chemical approach (NRC 2001 formula) and biological approaches (in vitro and in situ assay) had great influences on energy values. The highest predicted energy values were found by using the in situ approach, the lowest prediction value by using the NRC 2001 formula, and the intermediate values by the in vitro approach. The in situ results may be most accurate because it is closest to simulate animal condition. The energy values measured by biological approaches are not predictable by the chemical approach in this study, indicating that a refinement is needed in accurately predicting energy values.

• ALGAE
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.337-347
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• 2017

Silvetia siliquosa is an ecologically and commercially important brown alga that is harvested from its natural habitats, but its population has recently been diminishing along the Korean coast. To develop new techniques for algal population restoration, we tested two newly developed transplantation methods (using polyethylene ropes and natural rock pieces) at two study sites, Gwanmaedo and Yeongsando, on the southwest coast of Korea, from May to November 2014. The transplants on polyethylene ropes showed significantly greater survival, maturity, and growth than those on natural rocks at both study sites. Newly recruited juveniles (<3 cm) of S. siliquosa increased remarkably from May to December near the transplants on polyethylene ropes and natural rocks.Therefore, we suggest that transplantation using polyethylene ropes is more effective than using natural rocks to restore the population of S. siliquosa in Korea.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of growth and maturity and to clarify the function of supernodulating characters, excessive nodules and high biological nitrogen fixation rate (BNF), on maturity in response to different planting time in supernodulating soybean mutants. Two supernodulating soybean mutants, Sakukei4 and SS2-2, and their parent cultivars, Enrei and Shinpaldalkong2, were planted on May 24 and June 15, 2004. The degrees of the shortening of growth days by the planting time delay were 18 to 22 days in four cultivar, and there were no significant differences among the cultivars. However, four cultivars showed the different maturity properties. Sakukei4, mutated from Enrei, showed later maturity than that of Enrei, and 882-2, mutated from Shinpaldalkong2, showed earlier maturity than that of Shinpaldalkong2. The plant and nodule dry weights at R6 stage of Sakukei4 showed the smallest decrement and those of SS2-2 was showed the largest decrement by the delay of planting time. The photosynthetic rates of Sakukei4 during the late reproductive growth period were slowly decreased, however those of SS2-2 were steeply decreased in two planting time treatments. Overall, the growth of Sakukei4 was decreased slowly, however the growth of SS2-2 was decreased sharply according to the delay of planting time. The percentage of seed yield of Sakukei4 in June planting plot compared with May planting plot at R8 stage was $92\%$, which was the lowest decreasing rate of yield among the cultivars, and in the case of SS2-2, it was in $76\%$, the highest one. These results indicated that the responses of supernodulating mutants by the delay of planting time were very similar to the wild types. This means supernodulating characters in supernodulating soybean mutants might not affect to the maturity property. Additionally, the maturity property could be considered as an important characteristics to decide or to select on the developments of supernodulating soybean mutants, which have a low productivity by an excessive nodules, especially.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.50-63
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 외식전공 대학생들의 생물학적 성과 성역할 정체감 유형에 따른 진로태도성숙도의 차이를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 경기도, 대전, 대구광역시에 소재한 2년제 전문대학 4개교에서 외식관련 분야를 전공하는 300명의 표본을 추출하였고 34부의 설문지를 제외한 총 266부의 설문지를 최종분석에 사용하였다. 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 진로태도성숙 수준은 외식관련 여성전공자 보다 남성 전공자가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 진로태도성숙 수준은 양성성 유형의 외식관련 전공자의 성숙도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며 다음으로 남성성, 여성성, 미분화의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 외식관련 남성 전공자 중 양성성, 남성성, 미분화로 분류된 전공자의 진로에 대한 결정성, 목적성, 확신성이 여성 전공자보다 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 여성 전공자 중 여성성으로 분류된 전공자의 진로에 대한 결정성, 목적성, 확신성이 남성 전공자보다 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 외식관련 전공자의 생물학적 성과 성역할 정체감을 고려한 진로지도가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 이러한 결과는 양성성 유형의 전공자가 진로발달에 바람직하고 긍정적인 것을 보여준다. 그러므로 외식관련 전공자의 생물학적 성별에 따른 양성성을 강화할 진로상담프로그램이 개발되어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.760-767
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• 2016

Food waste (FW) has been recognized as a critical problem in Korea and many research was conducted to efficiently utilize or treat FW. Main purpose of this research was to evaluate a feasibility for producing fermented organic fertilizer with vegetable waste (VW). Three different organic materials (saw dust, coco peat, and waste mushroom media) were mixed with VW at the rate of 30, 40, 50% respectively. Total days of composting experiment were 35 days and each sub samples were collected at every 5 days from starting of composting. Result showed that inner temperature of composting was increased to $60{\pm}4^{\circ}C$ within 5~10 days depending on varied organic materials and mixing ratio. Among different treatment, the highest increase of inner temperature was observed when 30% of saw dust was mixed with VW. After finishing composting experiment, maturity of each compost was evaluated with solvita and germination test. Maturity index (MI) of each treatment was ranged between 5~7 indicating that manufactured fertilizer was curing or finished stage. Calculated germination index (GI) was at the range of 57.83~101.16 depending on organic materials and mixing ratio. Both MI and GI showed that manufactured fertilizer was met for fertilizer criteria while control (VW only) was not adequate for composting. Overall, VW can be utilized for making organic fertilizer mixing with saw dust, coco peat and more research should be conducted to make high quality of organic fertilizer with vegetable waste.