• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 1999

Nitrifier consortium entrapped in Ca-alginate bead were packed into aerated packed bed bioreactor and non aerated packed bed bioreactor and the performances of two bioreactors were evaluated for the removal of ammonia nitrogen from synthetic aquaculture water. Total ammonia nitrogen(TAN) removal rate was decrease in aerated packed bed bioreactor below 0.3hr of hydraulic residence time(HRT), but increased in non aerated packed bed bioreactor until 0.5hr of HRT. At HRT of 0.05hr, TAN removal rate of non aerated packed bed bioreactor was about 335g TAN/㎥/day and the optimum ratio of packing height and inside diameter of reactor (H/D) was 4. The performance of two bioreactors indicated that non aerated packed bed bioreactor was better than aerated packed bed bioreactor in ammonia removal from synthetic aquaculture water.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.534-538
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• 1999

For the optimization of operating conditions for plant cell suspension culture in bioreactors, effects of bioreactor types, various kinds of impellers, and aeration rates were examined using Nicotiana tabacum cells as a model system. Stirred tank bioreactor and airlift bioreactor were used for the comparison of bioreactor type. Growth rates in both bioreactors were lower than in shake flasks. In terms of final cell concentration, stirred tank bioreactor supported a little bit better growth compared to airlift bioreactor. Impeller type did not affect cell growth significantly, but it was apparent that cell size index decreased in the case of using hollowed paddle impeller. When the aeration rate was maintained at 0.3 vvm, cell growth was the best. At above 1.0 vvm, growth inhibition as well a browning was noticed. In addition, it was found that cell size index reduced proportionally to the increased of aeration rate.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.845-849
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• 2010

This study was conducted to compare various culture methods and evaluate economic feasibility of each method for mass propagation of new ever-bearing strawberry 'Goha'. Four different methods such as semi-solid culture, solid culture, liquid suspension culture and bioreactor culture were compared. The solid culture and bioreactor culture showed the shortest and longest root length, such as 3.6 cm and 8.3 cm, respectively. Fresh weights of plants cultured in bioreactor were 2,261 mg, which were heavier than those of cultures. Dry weights of plants cultured in bioreactor were the heavier compared to those in other cultures. The number of axillary bud developed in bioreactor was seven, but axillary bud was not developed in other cultures. Production cost through bioreactor culture was calculated to be 303 won per plant which was 542 won less than that of solid culture. As a result, we found that the bioreactor culture was the most cost effective culture method for in vitro mass propagation in new ever-bearing strawberry 'Goha'.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.104-109
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• 2004

In this study, we stabilized the screened soil from landfills by using aerobic bioreactor and evaluated aerobic decomposition of it. Four lab-scale bioreactors (anaerobic and 1 PV/day aeration, 5 PV/day aeration, 10 PV/day aeration) filled with screened soil were operated to investigate the effect of air injection quantity on stabilization of screened soil. In case of aerobic bioreactors, the decomposition of organics in screened soil was higher than anaerobic bioreactor. According to the results of landfill gas and soil respiration test, the air injection quantity of 5 PV/day was most efficient in stabilization of screened soil.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 2004

in this study, hybrid bioreactor was used to apply physical stimuli in cell culture. Effect of the applied physical stimuli on the growth and differentiation of MC3T3-El cell in a three-dimensional Chitosan scaffold were studied by using the hybrid bioreactor. The hybrid bioreactor for physical stimulus was specially designed to apply uniaxial cyclic compressive and shear strain. Physical stimulus was applied over a period of 14 days with 150 cycles per day at a frequency of 0.5Hz. Strain magnitude was 2.5% of the scaffold size. Control group and physically stimulated group of the MC3T3-El tell were incubated and harvested at the indicated times (Day 6, 8, 10, 12, 14). The total amount of protein, which obtained information of cell growth, was determined by Lowey method. Alkaline phosphatase activity was examined by ELISA. Physically stimulated group using the hybrid bioreactor was increased in alkaline phosphatase activity comparing with control group. The nodule formation and calcium deposit of the physical stimuli group which resulted in cell differentiation was faster than that of control group.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.235-241
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of nutrient removal of municipal wastewater in the submerged membrane bioreactor by addition of alum directly into aerobic tank. Membrane bioreactor consists of three reactors such as two intermittent anaerobic tanks and the aerobic tank with hollow fiber membrane. The removal efficiencies of $COD_{cr}$, BOD, SS, TN and TP on the membrane bioreactor were 94.0%, 99.1%, 99.9%, 66.9%, and 58.9%, respectively. In addition, The removal efficiencies of $COD_{cr}$, BOD, SS, TN and TP on the membrane bioreactor with alum addition were 93.4%, 99.0%, 99.9%, 63.2%, and 96.8%, respectively. There was little difference between them on the nutrient removal efficiencies except phophorus removal. The estimated sludge production, specific denitrification rate, specific nitrification rate and phosphorus removal content on the membrane bioreactor were 1.76 kgTSS/d, $0.055mgNO_3-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, $0.031mgNH_4-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, and 0.095 kgP/d, respectively. And The estimated sludge production, specific denitrification rate, specific nitrification rate and phosphorus removal content on the membrane bioreactor with alum addition were 2.90 kgTSS/d, $0.049mgNO_3-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, $0.030mgNH_4-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, and 0.160 kgP/d, respectively. The alum content added was 1.7 molAl/molP on an average. The increasing ratio of tran-membrane pressure on the membrane bioreactor was $0.0056kgf/cm^2{\cdot}compared$ to $0.0033kgf/cm^2{\cdot}d$ on the membrane bioreactor with alum addition. There was a slightly reduction effect on membrane fouling by alum addition.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.172-176
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• 1995

Citrate is mainly produced from fungi and oxygen transfer has been known as one of the important factors in citric acid production. A bubble column bioreactor was used for citrate production after pellet was initially made using a stirred bioreactor for the inoculation. The relationship between the pellet size of Aspergillus niger and the oxygen transfer was elucidated by considering morphological characteristics of the pellet. The pellet size was determined by adjusting the impeller speed in the stirred bioreactor and the optimum diameter of the pellet was observed to be 2.2 mm under the experimental conditions. Pellet was maintained quite stable in the bubble column bioreactor and production of citric acid was significantly improved by maintaining optimal pellet conditions in the bubble column bioreactor.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.46.2-46.2
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• 2009

In vitro 상에서 골조직을 원활하게 재생하기 위해서는 3차원 지지체를 이용한 세포 배양과 세포 배양 시 세포의 형태와 기능을 유지/향상시키기 위한 인체 내 미세 환경 재현은 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 뼈 성분과 유사한 생체 활성 물질인 hydroxyapatite (HA)와 생분해성 고분자인 poly $\varepsilon$-caprolactone (PCL)를 복합재료로 이용하여 내부 연결성이 우수한 골조직 재생용 3차원 지지체를 제작하였으며, 골 재생 능력 향상을 위하여 인체내 골조직의 기계적 미세 환경을 체외에서 구현한 새로운 형태의 perfusion bioreactor system을 개발/적용하였다. 또한 본 연구에서 개발된 perfusion bioreactor system의 생물학적 평가를 위해 MG63 (osteoblast like cell, 한국 세포주 은행)과 New Zealand White Rabbit에서 분리한 중간엽 줄기세포를 골조직 재생용 3차원 지지체에 파종하였다. 48시간 동안 안정화 후 perfusion bioreactor system을 이용하여 기계적 자극을 파종된 세포에 인가하였으며, 배양 기간 동안 세포의 증식 확인 및 형태학적 관찰을 실시하였다. 본 연구 결과, perfusion bioreactor system을 이용하여 기계적 자극을 인가한 실험군에서 세포의 증식 및 활성도가 대조군에 비해 우수함을 확인 할 수 있었다. 따라서, perfusion bioreactor를 이용한 세포 배양은 세포의 활성 향상 및 골조직 재생에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다. 차후 perfusion bioreactor를 이용한 다양한 패턴의 자극이 골재생 능력 및 중간엽 줄기세포의 골 분화능에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.946-957
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• 2012

The objective of this paper is to investigate into the development of a thin flat panel photo-bioreactor case with characteristics shapes. The thin flat panel photo-bioreactor case was designed to be manufactured from a plastic thermoforming process. A proper design with a relatively high rigidity was obtained through the structural analyses for different designs of the photo-bioreactor case. The thermoforming analyses were performed. From the results of the thermoforming analyses, a proper forming condition and the formability of the designed plastic photo-bioreactor case were estimated. The thermoforming moulds for the flat panel photobioreactor cases were manufactured. The thermoforming experiments were performed to examine the manufacturability of the designed flat panel photo-bioreactor cases. From the results of the thermoforming experiments, it was shown that thin flat panel photo-bioreactor cases with characteristic shapes can be manufactured from the designed thermoforming mould and process.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 1989

Celluose is an insoluble substrate, therefore, a proper mixing of the cellulose suspension is essential for an effective enzymatic hydrolysis. To study the effect of mixing motion of various enzyme reactors on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, three distinct types of biroreator: vertical impeller type bioreator(VITB), horizontal paddle type bioreactor(HPTB), and tumbling drum type bioreactor(TDTB), were assembled and their performance was compared. The optimal agitation speed was 100rpm for VITB and HPTB, 200rpm for TDTB. The saccharification efficiency of each reactor was compared under the optimal agitation intensity. The highest degree of saccharification was achieved in the case of VITB, especially, at high cellulose concentration. The VITB seems to be the most suitable type of bioreactor that can maintain proper mixing pattern for effective enzyme reaction. In the view of energy consumption, the TDTB showed the lowest value: however, the energy consumption was rapidly increased at high concentration of celluose. To dertermine the most suitable type of bioreactor, the entire process, including substrate cost, substrate concentration, and feasibility of scale-up, needs to be evaluated.