• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the production of lipid, and removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from swine wastewater by Botryococcus braunii UTEX 572 in a tubular bioreactor. The rate of dry cell weight increase of B. braunii was highest at 20.1mg/l/din a modified Chu 13 medium at $25^{\circ}C$. Under the above conditions, the rate of lipid content increase was also highest at 6.1mg/l/d. The lipid content of B. braunii on a dry weight basis ranged from 30.5 to 34.1% with an average value of 32.3%. When B. braunii was cultured in a secondary-treated swine wastewater diluted to 50% with tap water, the rate of dry cell weight increase was 18.6mg/l/d and the rate of lipid content increase was 6.0mg/l/d. The lipid content ranged from 30.3 to 34.2%. No significant difference was observed between lipid content and growth conditions. The removal rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in swine wastewater were 43.9% and 41.7%, respectively, after 14 days of incubation.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.469-476
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• 2014

The focus of this study was to observe the growth of Chlorella sp., Nannochloris sp., and Botryococcus braunii under mixotrophic conditions (i.e., added glycerol) with the aim of increasing the growth of biomass and algae oil content. A significant growth of biomass was obtained when grown in glycerol rich environment comparing to autotrophic conditions. 5 g/L glycerol yielded the highest biomass concentration for these strains. Mixotrophic conditions improved both the growth of the microalgae and the accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs). The maximum amount of TAG in Botryococcus braunii was reached in the growth medium with 10 g/L glycerol and Chlorella sp., Nannochloris sp. with 2 g/L glycerol. The content of saturated fatty acids of Chlorella sp., Nannochloris sp., and Botryococcus braunii was found to be 34.94, 14.23 and 13.39%, and the amount of unsaturated fatty acids was 65.06, 85.78 and 86.61% of total fatty acids, respectively. The fatty acid profiles of the oil for the culture possibility met the necessary requirements and are, therefore, promising resource for biofuel production.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.166-171
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus, and lipid production from a swine wastewater by Botryococcus braunii UTEX 572 in an outdoor photobioreactor. B. braunii successfully predominated in competition with bacteria and other algae, especially Oscillatoria, which were grown spontaneously in a secondary-treated swine wastewater, under the conditions of incubation temperature at $25^{\circ}C$ and increased inoculum amount at 287mg/l. There was a significant relationship between dry weight of B. braunii and absorbance of culture solution at 680mn(r2=0.967), suggesting that the latter is as good as the former commonly used for the measurement of algal biomass which is considerably time-consuming. The removal rates of COD, TOC, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus from the swine wastewater were 33.2$\pm$2.6% and 32.8$\pm$3.2, respectively, which showing no different between them. These results suggested that the mass cultivation of B. braunii in an outdoor photobioreactor could be used for the advanced treatment of swine wastewater and lipid production.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2012

Recently, energy security is one of the most important world-wide issues. Biodiesel derived from microalgae has received much attention as a renewable bioenergy. The green colonial alga, $Botryococcus$ $braunii$, is characterized by the ability to produce and accumulate large amounts of hydrocarbons and fatty acids. In this study, we have isolated 5 strains of $B.$ $braunii$ from Korean surface waters using a microcapillary-pipetting method and identified them by morphological features and phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that 5 strains of $B.$ $braunii$ are placed in the class of Trebouxiophyceae, and strains belong to race A type producing hydrocarbons which are alkadienes and alkatrienes. In addition, we need further studies to find out optimal growth conditions for producing biodiesel.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2015

Sulfated polysaccharides from plants or seaweed are well known for antioxidant, anticoagulant activity or other biological activities. The aim of the present study is to optimize the condition for the isolation of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP) and evaluate the biological activity. WSP was isolated from defatted microalgae B. braunii using chlorosulfonic acid or sulfuric acid. Among WSP isolated using sulfuric acid showed the lowest the content of total carbohydrates (g/L), whereas showed the highest antioxidant activity. Also the preliminary structural analysis of WSP was performed by FT-IR spectroscopy analysis.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.927-933
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• 2019

A lipid-enriched strain of Botryococcus braunii (UTEX 572) was cultivated in a semi-batch aeration tank to enhance biomass as well as to develop intracellular lipids and fatty acids. A 30 day period of incubation produced 1.39 g/L of biomass and 0.31 g/L of total lipids in the biomass. The grown biomass was pre-treated using several methods to extract the total lipid content efficiently: ultrasonication was found to yield the highest percentage of lipids-namely 19.8% per biomass. Direct heating of biomass in an autoclave also showed better performance than when using only conventional solvent extraction. To enhance the biomass harvest and lipid extraction efficiency, coagulation and flocculation steps were added to the extraction process. It is noteworthy that not only the solvent type but also the solvent/biomass ratio greatly affected efficiency. In addition, the moisture content of the harvested(wet) biomass affected the efficiency significantly. This study elucidated the need for future research on optimizing this extraction process.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.417-425
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• 2017

Indonesia is known as the largest oil palm producer in the world. However, along with the production, it generates wastes and pollution that caused the environmental problem in surrounding areas. Previous researchers reported that the high palm oil mill effluent (POME) concentration inhibited microalgae growth. However, the inhibition factor was not clearly explained by using kinetic model. This study presents kinetic models of Botryococcus braunii (B. braunii) cultivated on POME wastewater under different turbidity condition. Results showed that the growth model of Zwietering was closely suitable with experimental results. It was found that B. braunii was able to consume organic carbon from the POME wastewater on the logarithmic model. A modified kinetic model of Monod Haldane described the influence of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand on the cultivation. Turbidity of POME medium inhibited the growth rate at KI 3.578 and KII 179.472 NTU, respectively. The Lipid (39.9%), and carbohydrate (41.03%) were found in the biomass that could be utilized as biofuel source.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.339-345
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• 1997

Under the light intensity of 25-72$\mu$E/ m$^{2}$/s Botryococcus braunii UTEX 572 grew faster than Botryococcus sp. GE 24 isolated from a freshwater lake. The specific growth rate ($\mu$) of B. braunii UTEX 572 was highest at 0.260 (1/day) on a dry weight basis in Chu 13 medium from 1 to 9 days of incubation and then continuously decreased. Carbohydrate concentration and cellular nitrogen and phosphorus contents of B. braunii UTEX 572 gradually decreased with light intensity over a range of 25-72$\mu$E/m$^{2}$2/s, whereas the concentrations of protein and cellular N:P ratio increased with light intensity. Chlorophyll-a concentration showed a decreasing tendency with light intensity. The dry weight of B. braunii UTEX 572 increased in the highest rate of 83 mg/l/day at pH 8.0. When the N: P ratio of Chu 13 medium was adjusted to 50: 1 by addition of nitrogen source, dry weight increasing rate was 115 mg/l/day between 20 and 28 days of incubation which was the highest value during the cultivation. Cell growth in an open culture of B. braunii UTEX 572 was highest with Chu 13 medium, whereas that with Chu 13 medium adjusted to pH 7.0, containing 250 mg/l penicillin, or containing 1% glucose was reduced on a large scale. However, this result shows the possibility of the mass cultivation of B. braunii UTEX 572 in an open system competing with other microorganisms.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.932-937
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• 2004

In situ extraction by organic solvent was studied in order to improve the recovery yield of hydrocarbon from the culture of Botryococcus braunii, a green colonial microalga. When the solvent mixture of octanol as an extractive solvent and n-octane as a biocompatible solvent was added to a two-phase column, the algal growth was seriously inhibited, even at a low concentration of polar octanol. Therefore, a two-stage cell-recycle extraction process was proposed to improve the contact area between the organic phase and the aqueous phase. The hydrocarbon recovery with in situ cell-recycle extraction showed a three-fold increase (57% of cell) in yield over that with two-phase extraction. In addition, over 60% of the hydrocarbon could be recovered without serious cell damage by downstream separation when this process was applied to the culture broth after batch fermentation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.255-259
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• 1992

The effect of nitrate, nitrite and ammonia as inorganic nitrogen sources on the modulation of nitrogen metabolism of Botryococcus braunii UTEX.-572 has been studied under aeration. The primary process in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism by this alga has the nitrate uptake system. This uptake of nitrate operation was immediately inhibited by the presence of 0.5 mM of ammonium and reversed by 0.2∼0.3 mM ammonium. When cell were exposed to 5 mM of ammonium for 24 hours the activity of nitrate reductase became inactive.