• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.253-257
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Brachyspira species and antimicrobial susceptibility of Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae isolates in Korea. A total of fifty-five Brachyspira species were isolated; five (1.0%) beta-hemolytic Brachyspira species and 50 (10.4%) weak hemolytic Brachyspira species from 116 different diarrheic pig samples and 367 apparently normal pig samples. In farm level, beta hemolytic and weak hemolytic Brachyspira species were detected in 7.4% (5/68) and 19.1% (13/68) of tested pig farms, respectively. By phenotypic and genotypic characterization, all beta hemolytic Brachyspira isolates was classified as group I (B. hyodysenteriae), whereas weak hemolytic Brachyspira species isolates were group III (B. innocens or B. murdochii). B. hyodysenteriae isolates showed high level of minimum inhibition concentrations to macrolide antimicrobials. This study shows that the prevalence of pathogenic B. hyodysenteriae in pigs is low but antimicrobial resistance of the pathogens is high in Korea. This is the first report of the prevalence of Brachyspira group III and antimicrobial susceptibility of B. hyodysenteriae in pigs in Korea. Our results could provide basic data for the management and treatment guidelines of Brachyspira infection.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.352-355
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• 2004

The extracts from 70 different plant natural products were used to investigate the antimicrobial activities against Brachyspira hyodrsenteriae, the causative agent of swine dysentery. Among them, the extracts from Terminalia chehula exhibited the highest antimicrobial activities against B. hyodysenteriae. It showed the antimicrobial activity against B. hyodysensteriae mostly in parts of its shell. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the water extracts of T chehula was 12.5 mg/ml. After organic solvent extractions, the ethylacetate extracts exhibited higher antimicrobial activities against B. hyodysenteriae, and their antimicroactivities were similar to that of the tannin. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the extracts from T chebula may be used as animal feed additives for their antimicrobial activities against B. hyodysenteriae.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.331-334
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae from 43 swine farms with diarrhea or a history of diarrhea in Gyeongbuk province by PCR. The overall herd prevalence of B hyodysenteriae was 37.2%(16/43), and the average prevalence of B hyodysenteriae among all sampled pigs was 10.8%(50/462). Positive herds for B hyodysenteriae were distributed throughout Gyeongbuk province from 14.3～50%. Herd size had a effect on the frequency of B hyodysenteriae. The frequency of B hyodysenteriae in herds with less than 1,000 pigs was 47.4%, that of herds between 1,001 and 2,000 pigs was 41.7%. Also, the frequency of B hyodysenteriae in herds with more than 2,000 pigs was 16.7%.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.335-341
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• 2001

Swine dysentery caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, an anaerobic, beta-hemolytic spirochete, is a severe mucohemorrhahic diarrheal disease that primarily affects pigs during the growing and finishing period. The current standard laboratory procedure to culture and identify B hyodysenteriae takes 3 to 7 days. This report present a rapid PCR for detection B hyodysenteriae in a single reaction using DNA from swine intestinal samples. The PCR produced a specific 421bp PCR product with template DNA purified from B hyodysenteriae, and the accuracy for detection of B hyodysenteriae by PCR results compared with those of conventional method was 100% in intestinal specimens. Nonspecific bands were not detected with B innocens, a nonpathogenic common inhabitant spirochete, including other enteric bacterial organisms. This procedure could detect as little as 50 pg of template DNA for B hyodysenteriae.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.533-537
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• 2004

In this study, we performed a PCR-RFLP analysis of NADH oxidase gene(nox) for the characterization of porcine intestinal spirochetes isolated from Korea by the comparison with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli reference strains. Eleven strains including four reference strains, B. hyodysenteriae B204, B234, B169, B. pilosicoli P43/6/78 and seven Korean isolates were used. PCR products of 939 bp were amplified using nox-specific primers and digested with two restriction enzymes, Bfm I and Dpn II. In study using Bfm I, both strains showed no difference in fragmented size(197 and 741 bp). When use Dpn II, B. hyodysenteriae showed two bands(209 and 684 bp), however B. pilosicoli showed a single band of 896 bp. Our results indicate that nox-specific PCR-RFLP could be used as a typing method of Brachyspira species and as an epidemiological method for identifying spirochetes isolated from swine.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 2015

Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae is a causative agent of swine dysentery that is responsible for death and economic losses in the pig industry. It is imperative that clinical samples be delivered fresh for accurate diagnosis. The viability and DNA detection of B. hyodysenteriae using lab-made (phosphate buffered saline and modified tryptic soy broth) or commercial transport media (C, D, and E) were compared by culturing and real-time PCR at $4^{\circ}C$ or room temperature (RT), respectively. B. hyodysenteriae grown in D (Anaerobe Systems, USA) and E (Starplex Scientific, Canada) media was viable for 4 days at $4^{\circ}C$ and RT. However, B. hyodysenteriae in A, B, and C (culture swab; BD Biosciences, USA) media were not recovered after 2 days at RT. Ct values for real-time PCR at $4^{\circ}C$ and RT ranged from $27.2{\pm}2.1$ (C) to $29.6{\pm}0.5$ (B), and $28.0{\pm}0.9$ (E) to $30.2{\pm}1.5$ (B), respectively. Considering the field conditions, it is important that transport media is used for specimen isolation and PCR to obtain an accurate diagnosis of swine dysentery.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.421-426
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• 2004

This study was performed to report the outbreaks of canine intestinal spirochetosis and to characterize the canine isolates. Three canine isolates were weakly beta-hemolytic and had sharp end shape with 5 flagella. Isolates didn't produce indole but fermented fructose. In $API-ZYM^{(R)}$ study, isolates were alpha-glucosidase negative and alpha-galactosidase positive, which is the typical characteristics of B. pilosicoli. In multilocus enzyme electrophoresis(MEE) study, isolates were divided into 2 electrophoretic types. Isolates showed different properties with B. hyodysenteriae but closely related with pathogenic canine intestinal spirochete(B. pilosicoli). This is the first report of the isolation and characterization of canine intestinal spirochete in Korean dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2011

In grower pigs, enteric diseases are major economic problem in swine industries. Enteric diseases are attributed to numerous bacterial agents, such as Lawsonia (L.) intracellularis, Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae, B. pilosicoli and Salmonella spp. Therefore we investigated the prevalence of enteric pathogens and found out the correlation of infectious agents in enteric diseases of grower pigs in Jeju-do using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. A total of 509 fecal samples of grower pigs from 49 pig farms of Jeju-do were collected from May 2006 to June 2007. Diagnostic confirmation was performed based on the detection of bacterial DNA from fecal samples. Based on the PCR methods, B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae, L. intracellularis and Salmonella spp. were detected in 82 (16.1%), 38 (7.5%), 15 (2.9%), and 12 (2.4%) fecal samples from grower pigs in Jeju-do, respectively. Single infection of enteric pathogen and mixed infection with more than 2 pathogens were detected in 110 (86.6%) and 17 (13.4%) grower pigs, respectively. These results suggest that B. pilosicoli and B. hyodysenteriae are main pathogens of diarrheal disease among grower pigs in Jeju-do. Therefore, accurate control strategy for enteric pathogens should be warranted in Jeju-do.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.211-219
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• 2016

For determining the prevalence of major enteric pathogens, clinical examination and etiological diagnosis were carried out on 75 Korean pig farms. Enteric disease-suspected signs were observed in 90.7% of the farms and the incidence and severity were higher in younger age groups of the pigs. Five of seven pathogens were detected in 375 fecal samples collected from the 75 farms, and the farm-level prevalence of porcine rotavirus group A (PoRVA), pathogenic Escherichia (E.) coli, Lawsonia (L.) intracelluraris, Salmonella spp., and Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae was 54.7%, 54.7%, 16.0%, 10.7% and 2.7%, respectively. PoRVA was extensively infected in suckling and weaning pig groups. The prevalence of pathogenic E. coli was highest in suckling period, and after the period, it exhibited a tendency to decrease. Salmonella spp. and L. intracelluraris were detected in all feeding groups of pigs in a ratio of 1.3~6.7%. B. hyodysenteriae was detected in 1.3~2.7% of growing and fattening pig groups but not detected in suckling and weaning pig groups. At least one or more pathogens were detected in 30.1% of 375 fecal samples. Among these, 25.0% or 5.1% of cases were single or mixed infection. Enteric disease signs of the pigs were significantly co-related with the detection of PoRVA, pathogenic E. coli or Salmonella spp. (P<0.01) but not with L. intracelluraris or B. hyodysenteriae (P>0.05). Conclusively, it will be expected that these data obtained in this study are very useful for subsequent studies and prevention strategies for swine enteric disease in Korean pig farms.