• Title/Summary/Keyword: Brain mapping

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Nano-Resolution Connectomics Using Large-Volume Electron Microscopy

  • Kim, Gyu Hyun;Gim, Ja Won;Lee, Kea Joo
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.171-175
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    • 2016
  • A distinctive neuronal network in the brain is believed to make us unique individuals. Electron microscopy is a valuable tool for examining ultrastructural characteristics of neurons, synapses, and subcellular organelles. A recent technological breakthrough in volume electron microscopy allows large-scale circuit reconstruction of the nervous system with unprecedented detail. Serial-section electron microscopy-previously the domain of specialists-became automated with the advent of innovative systems such as the focused ion beam and serial block-face scanning electron microscopes and the automated tape-collecting ultramicrotome. Further advances in microscopic design and instrumentation are also available, which allow the reconstruction of unprecedentedly large volumes of brain tissue at high speed. The recent introduction of correlative light and electron microscopy will help to identify specific neural circuits associated with behavioral characteristics and revolutionize our understanding of how the brain works.

Brain MRI Template-Driven Medical Images Mapping Method Based on Semantic Features for Ischemic Stroke (허혈성 뇌졸중을 위한 뇌 자기공명영상의 의미적 특징 기반 템플릿 중심 의료 영상 매핑 기법)

  • Park, Ye-Seul;Lee, Meeyeon;Lee, Jung-Won
    • KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.69-78
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    • 2016
  • Ischemic stroke is a disease that the brain tissues cannot function by reducing blood flow due to thrombosis or embolisms. Due to the nature of the disease, it is most important to identify the status of cerebral vessel and the medical images are necessarily used for its diagnosis. Among many indicators, brain MRI is most widely utilized because experts can effectively obtain the semantic information such as cerebral anatomy aiding the diagnosis with it. However, in case of emergency diseases like ischemic stroke, even though a intelligent system is required for supporting the prompt diagnosis and treatment, the current systems have some difficulties to provide the information of medical images intuitively. In other words, as the current systems have managed the medical images based on the basic meta-data such as image name, ID and so on, they cannot consider semantic information inherent in medical images. Therefore, in this paper, to provide core information like cerebral anatomy contained in brain MRI, we suggest a template-driven medical images mapping method. The key idea of the method is defining the mapping characteristics between anatomic feature and representative images by using template images that can be representative of the whole brain MRI image set and revealing the semantic relations that only medical experts can check between images. With our method, it will be possible to manage the medical images based on semantic.

A Novel Automatic Algorithm for Selecting a Target Brain using a Simple Structure Analysis in Talairach Coordinate System

  • Koo B.B.;Lee Jong-Min;Kim June Sic;Kim In Young;Kim Sun I.
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.129-132
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    • 2005
  • It is one of the most important issues to determine a target brain image that gives a common coordinate system for a constructing population-based brain atlas. The purpose of this study is to provide a simple and reliable procedure that determines the target brain image among the group based on the inherent structural information of three-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) images. It uses only 11 lines defined automatically as a feature vector representing structural variations based on the Talairach coordinate system. Average characteristic vector of the group and the difference vectors of each one from the average vector were obtained. Finally, the individual data that had the minimum difference vector was determined as the target. We determined the target brain image by both our algorithm and conventional visual inspection for 20 healthy young volunteers. Eighteen fiducial points were marked independently for each data to evaluate the similarity. Target brain image obtained by our algorithm showed the best result, and the visual inspection determined the second one. We concluded that our method could be used to determine an appropriate target brain image in constructing brain atlases such as disease-specific ones.

A Study on the Effect of Acupuncture on Anesthesia and the Mode of Action (The First Report) - Focused on Brain Mapping - (자침(刺鍼)이 마취(痲醉)에 미치는 작용기전(作用機轉) 연구(硏究) (제(第) 1 보(報)) - 뇌파를 중심으로 -)

  • Park, Hee-soo;Park, Kyoung-sik
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.132-139
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    • 2002
  • This study was carried to identify whether acupuncture at several meridian points can affect the human anesthesia or not using the EEG mapping. We observe the change in the brain wave patterns obtained by electroencephalogram after acupuncture. 1. It is concluded that the pattern of resting computerized EEG map in intact human is normal and acupunctuation at determined meridian points induced lesser narrow field of alpha activity, more extensive field of ${\delta}$, ${\theta}$ activity, father resulted in marked shift to cerebrofrontal dominance in field of ${\delta}$, ${\theta}$ activity by t-SPM. 2. It seems likely that acupunctuation at experimental meridian points acts on slight anesthesia or hypnosis.

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Automatic EEG and Artifact Classification Using Neural Network (신경망을 사용한 뇌파 및 Artifact 자동 분류)

  • Ahn, Chang-Beom;Lee, Taek-Yong;Lee, Sung-Hoon
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.157-166
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    • 1995
  • The Electroencephalogram (EEG) and evoked potential (EP) t;ave widely been used for study of brain functions. The EEG and EP signals acquired from multi-channel electrodes placed on the head surface are often interfered by other relatively large physiological signals such as electromyogram (EMG) or electroculogram (EOG). Since these artifact-affected EEG signals degrade EEG mapping, the removal of the artifact-affected EEGs is one of the key elements in neuro-functional mapping. Conventionally this task has been carried out by human experts spending lots of examination time. In this paper a neural-network based classification is proposed to replace or to reduce human expert's efforts and time. From experiments, the neural-network based classification performs as good as human experts : variation of decisions between the neural network and human expert appears even smaller than that between human experts.

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A Functional Mapping Workstation of Human Brain Images

  • Paik, Chul-Hwa;Kim, Tae-Woo;Song, Myung-Jin;Yu, Hyun-Sun;Kim, Won-Ky
    • Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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    • v.1996 no.11
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    • pp.301-303
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    • 1996
  • A platform is developed for fast and effective functional mapping of human brain, which can allow semi-automatically the whole processes of an image segmentation, a fusion of MR and PET images, and 3-D rendering of volumetric data, including DICOM-based image transfers from PACS archiver within a short period of time.

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Clinical Validity of the Domestic EEG and EP Mapping System(Neuronics) (국산화 EEG 및 EP Mapping System(Neuronics)의 임상적 타당성 연구)

  • Min, Sung-Kil;Jon, Duk-In;Lee, Sung-Hoon;Ahn, Chang-Beom;Yoo, Sun-Kook
    • Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.96-106
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    • 1997
  • The clinical validity of a korean EEG and EP mapping system(Neuronics) was evaluated with schizophrenic patients(n=20), normal controls(n=19), and 10 patients with central nervous system disease(8 patients with cerebrovascular accident, 1 patient with brain mass, and 1 patient with periodic paralysis). In the normal control group, the pattern of resting computerized EEG with eyes closed showed normal parieto-occipital dominance of alpha wave. Compared with normal controls, schizophrenic patients had more delta activity in the frontal region, and less alpha activity especially in the parieto-occipital region. In most cases patients with cortical organic lesions(n=5) revealed increased delta and theta activity and decreased alpha activity on the lesion areas. These findings were compatible with their MRI and clinical findings. However in the cases of subcortical lesions(n=5) EEG showed various findings which suggest diverse influences of subcortical abnormalities on cortical activities. The P300 of schizophrenic group was smaller and more delayed than those of normal controls. These results are generally compatible with the previous studies using other EEG and EP mapping systems consequenty and suggest that the this EEG and EP mapping system(Neuronics) has clinical validity.

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Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring for Optimal Brain Mapping

  • Park, Sang-Nam;Park, Sang-Ku
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.170-179
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    • 2013
  • There is a correct way to avoid any sequale in the central motor area during neurosurgery procedures. A clear way to find the circumference of the central sulcus, central motor, and sensory areas by giving cortical electrical stimulation to the central motor area immediate after surgery is proposed. Looking at patients who underwent brain surgery September 2009 to July 2013, the central sulcus and speech areas around the central area of the brain was investigated, using the practices of either a localized brain map check or a direct cortical electrical stimulation test. Brain maps localized around the surgical site through functional movement or speech areas were identified. Accurate tests done during surgery without damage to motor neurons or after surgery were conducted smoothly. Although successful brain map test localization can be accomplished, there are some factors that can interfere. The following phenomena can reverse the phase: (1) the first sensory / motor in the case of patients severe nerve damage; (2) placement of the electrode on top of the vessel; (3) presence of a brain tumor near the brain cortex; (4) use of anesthesia if patient cooperation is difficult; and (5) location of the electrode position and stimulus is inappropriate.

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The practical study of contralateral therapeutic theory in acupuncture approach -about the change in the blind spot mapping pre and post acupuncture- (針의 巨刺法에 對한 實證的 硏究 -眼球의 Blind spot 變化에 對하여-)

  • Woo, Young-Min;Nam, Young
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.200-210
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    • 2000
  • objective to ascertain whether the concept of the therapeutic side is associated with changes in the blind sport mapping that represents the brain function. design Physiological blind spot maps were used as an integer of brain activity before and after acupuncture needling on the meridian point Hapkok(合谷) and Techung(太衝) in the unilateral side decided by double-blind controlled study(20 subjects). setting outpatient clinic participants: adult volunteers intervention twenty subjects were divided into two comparative groups and underwent specific acupuncture therapy on the unilateral side. Blinded examiners obtained reproducible pre and post-acupuncture cortical maps, which were subjected to statistical analysis. main outcome measures Brain activity was demonstrated by reproducible circumferential measurements of cortical hemispheric blind spot maps before and after acupuncture on the unilateral side. in case of acupuncture needling on the ipsilateral side of an enlarged side of bilnd spot, there were reduction of blind spot in 7 cases of 10 subjects, and enlargement in 3 cases. in case of acupuncture needling on the contralateral side of the enlarged side of blind spot, there were enlargement of blind spot in 6 cases of 10 subjects, and reduction in 4 cases. results the significant changes in the blind spots before and after acupuncture were observed Acupuncture needlings on the ipsilateral or contralateral side of an enlarged cortical map were associated with the concept of the therapeutic side traditionally accepted in the oriental medical society. Acupuncture needling on the ipsilateral side of an enlarged blind spot map is associated with the reduction of map, and increaed contralateral cortical activity. Acupuncture needling on the side opposite an enlarged blind spot map is associated with the enlargement of map, and decreased cortical activity. conclusion Reproducible maps of cortical responses can be used to measure the neurological consequences of acupuncture needling. Acupuncture can affect the somatic sensory informations that reach to the contralateral thalamus, and so affect thalamic integration. we found that acupuncture therapy may be associated with an increase or a decrease in brain function depending on the side of acupuncture needling. thus, the traditional concept of the contralateral therapeutic theory in acupuncture approach has the clinical significance in the view of brain function.

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A Survey and Comparison of 3D Registration of Brain Images Between Marker Based and Feature Based Method (마커 기반과 특징기반에 기초한 뇌 영상의 3차원 정합방법의 비교 . 고찰)

  • 조동욱;김태우;신승수;김지영;김동원;조태경
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.85-97
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    • 2003
  • Medical tomography images like CT, MRI, PET, SPECT, fMRI, ett have been widely used for diagnosis and treatment of a patient and for clinical study in hospital. In many cases, tomography images are scanned in several different modalities or with time intervals for a single subject for extracting complementary information and comparing one another. 3D image registration is mapping two sets of images for comparison onto common 3D coordinate space, and may be categorized to marker -based matching and feature-based matching. 3D registration of brain images has an important role for visual and quantitative analysis in localization of treatment area of a brain, brain functional research, brain mapping research, and so on. In this article, marker-based and feature-based matching methods which are often used are introduced.

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