• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.203-218
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• 2007

The early eighteenth century witnessed the birth of homosexuality as an identity and the emergence of a homosexual subculture in Britain. The homosexual subculture revealed itself through identified walkways and parks, gestures by which men might signal their interests to each other, and meeting places called "molly houses" where homosexuals could gather in relative safety. As early as 1703 the homosexuals seem to have overrun London. Homosexuals in eighteenth-century Britain provides a figure on which a variety of social anxieties could be displaced. Homosexuality is partly sexual transgression; mostly, it represents a variety of class, national, political transgressions. The association of British homosexuality with the fashion for Italian tastes was commonplace, and the growth of homosexuality was regarded as the greatest threat to the glorious Britain by destroying all its masculine virtues. Homosexuality was widely believed to be particularly common among the aristocracy and to be symptomatic of the increasing depravity of that class. The radicals in eighteenth-century Britain did not hesitate to exploit the surge in homophobia. They identified aristocratic patronage as one of the aristocratic practices that encouraged homosexuality and thus stigmatized the sort of male bonding that helped sustain aristocratic hegemony.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.43-50
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• 2022

A comparative analysis of the state and results of the functioning of the education system of Ukraine with the national educational systems of the USA and Great Britain was carried out. Based on which we found out similar and different in the process of developing the system of training specialists in higher education institutions of the USA, Great Britain, and Ukraine. Describing the main quantitative indicators of education in the UK, USA and Ukraine, we found common features and distinctive features. Consideration in the comparative aspect of trends in the development of higher teacher education in the United States, Great Britain and in Ukraine gives grounds for conclusion. For these countries, such groups of norms as types of educational institutions, forms of Education; introduction of a unified system of credit units in order to create conditions for broad mobility of students; availability of different levels of training; study of the best experience of educational activities of other states and its introduction into the educational process in combination with the cultural traditions of Ukraine coincide. Describing the main quantitative indicators of education in the analyzed countries, we found distinctive features.Teacher development systems in the UK, USA and Ukraine are compared. It was found out that the use of methods of Great Britain and the United States on the organization of independent work in the process of professional development of teachers will have a positive impact on training in the system of advanced training of teachers in Ukraine. The article examines the information culture of future specialists, which is based on knowledge about the information environment, the laws of its functioning and development, and the perfect ability to navigate the limitless modern world of information.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.67-77
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• 2000

This study reviews and analyses the policy changes happened in Britain regarding the family and children. Traditionally Britain has employed non-interventionist policies for the family and child care assuming the family as a private domain. This policy had been reinforced during the Thatcher regime. However the traditional families that Beveridge had idealized have been rapidly disappearing and child poverty has become critical concern for Blair's New Labour government with the rising number of lone parent families. The New labour's child and family-friendly policies to enhance the family life have been examined on the basis of government reports on Child Benefit, WFTC, Child Support Agency and the plans to support parents and to implement the child and family-friendly practices.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.146-173
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• 2015

This study explores how to reconcile science and policy in the wind energy sector by providing a conceptual framework for better understanding evidence-based policymaking (EBPM). Regarding this framework, the core issue is to discover how knowledge is formed over time, and which factors affect this knowledge formation. Comparative cases of wind industry emergence in Spain and Britain are examined. This analysis shows that knowledge formation initially starts in the scientific arena in parallel with its formation in the practical, and is followed by political knowledge formation near the beginning of commercial projects. Regarding knowledge formation, three more comparisons are made between wind industry emergence in Spain and Britain: the different approaches to R&D projects, the different adoptions of supporting measures, and the different ways of coping with public opposition. The factors affecting the comparisons are mainly perceptions of energy supply, nuclear power, environment and science and technology. Communication and unfamiliarity are likely to affect the comparisons in EBPM.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.107-111
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• 2017

This paper focuses on the development prospects of the UK after Europe, the development situation of the EU and the world's democratic issues were discussed. Professor Zhou Yushu that the old EU pattern may no longer be suitable for contemporary development trends, the need for reform and create a new pattern of mutual benefit and win-win situation. Professor Thomas believes that the impact of Britain's departure from Europe should be viewed from a dialectical perspective, and the benefits and disadvantages of China's economic development plan will be positive for the economic development of Europe as a whole. With the common development of China.

• Strategy21
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• s.32
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• pp.123-159
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• 2013

The purpose of this research paper is to re-valuate the factors that affected the Royal Navy's rearmament and preparation for war by conducting analysis on the discussion held in the Britain on the strategic priorities and Navy's coping measures adopted during the interwar period. After the end of the WWI, each of the military arms of the Britain faced significant difficulty in securing budget and increasing their military power all throughout the interwar period, and the Navy was not an exception. The WWII that got started on September 1939 was the turning point in which this difficulty led to full-fledged crisis. Immensely many criticisms followed after the war and problems were identified when it comes to the Royal Navy's performance during the war. This type of effort to identify problem led to the attempt to analyze whether Royal Navy's preparation for war and rearmament policy during interwar period were adequate, and to identify the root causes of failure. Existing studies sought to find the root cause of failed rearmament from external factors such as the deterioration of the Britain itself or pressure from the Treasury Department to cut the budget for national defense, or sought to detect problems from the development of wrong strategies by the Navy. However, Royal Navy's failed preparation for the war during interwar period is not the result of one or two separate factors. Instead, it resulted due to the diverse factors and situations that the Britain was facing at the time, and due to intricate and complex interaction of these factors. Meanwhile, this research paper focused on the context characterized by 'strategic selection and setting up of priorities' among the various factors to conduct analysis on the Navy's rearmament by linking it with the discussion held at the time on setting up strategic priorities, and sought to demonstrate that the Navy Department's inadequate counter-measures developed during this process waned Royal Navy's position. After the end of WWI, each of the military arms continued to compete for the limited resources and budget all throughout the interwar period, and this type of competition amidst the situation in which the economic situation of Britain was still unstable, made prioritization when it comes to the allocation of resources and setting up of the priorities when it comes to the military power build-up, inevitable. Amidst this situation, the RAF was able to secure resources first and foremost, encouraged by the conviction of some politicians who were affected by the 'theory of aerial threat' and who believed that curtailing potential attack with the Air Force would be means to secure national security at comparatively lower cost. In response, Navy successfully defended the need for the existence of Navy despite the advancement of the aerial power, by emphasizing that the Britain's livelihood depends on trade and on the maintenance of maritime traffic. Despite this counter-measuring logic, however, Navy's role was still limited to the defense of overseas territory and to the fleet run-off instead of sea traffic route production when it comes to the specific power build-up plan, and did not understand the situation in which financial and economic factors gained greater importance when it comes to the setting up of strategic priorities. As a result, Navy's plan to build its powers was met with continual resistance of the Treasury Department, and lost the opportunity to re-gain the status of 'senior service' that it had enjoyed in the past during the competition for strategic prioritization. Given that the strategic and economic situation that Korea faces today is not very different from that of the Britain during the interwar period, our Navy too should leverage the lessons learned from the Royal Navy to make the effort to secure viable position when it comes to the setting of priorities in case of national defense strategy by presenting the basis on why maritime coping should be prioritized among the numerous other threats, and by developing the measures for securing the powers needed effectively amidst the limited resources.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.358-366
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• 2022

The article considers current information technologies in the organization of educational work in secondary schools in Great Britain. The forms and types of organization of educational work in secondary schools of Great Britain with the help of modern information technologies are covered. The purposes of education with the help of modern information technologies are singled out. Mental, physical, labor, moral, aesthetic and other types of education, merged in a holistic educational process, provide an opportunity to achieve the main goal - the formation of a comprehensive and harmoniously developed personality. All forms of educational work have their pedagogical significance, and each of them is valuable in the process of education. Democratization and partnership development are the leading principles of education in British schools at the present stage; multiculturalism and student independence. This is the ability to promote the role of different types of education, such as: labor, moral, legal, religious, family, environmental, aesthetic, civic, physical, mental education, which is now possible with the help of current information technology. The article considers current information technologies in the organization of educational work in secondary schools in Great Britain. The forms and types of organization of educational work in secondary schools of Great Britain with the help of modern information technologies are covered. The purposes of education with the help of modern information technologies are singled out. Mental, physical, labor, moral, aesthetic and other types of education, merged in a holistic educational process, provide an opportunity to achieve the main goal - the formation of a comprehensive and harmoniously developed personality. All forms of educational work have their pedagogical significance, and each of them is valuable in the process of education. Democratization and partnership development are the leading principles of education in British schools at the present stage; multiculturalism and student independence. This is the ability to promote the role of different types of education, such as: labor, moral, legal, religious, family, environmental, aesthetic, civic, physical, mental education, which is now possible with the help of current information technology.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.25
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• pp.51-82
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• 1996

This study compare and analyzes recent school library standards in advanced countries including Britain, United States and Japan. The examination is based on the changing process of standards and development of school library in the each countries. To Suggest the model of reasonable standard for the activation of school library in Korea, the study has identified the common elements ; staff, material, environments, management and cooperative system, and learning skill with curriculum of school library standards showed in the each of advanced countries.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.29-36
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• 2011

This paper examines the birth of civil engineers in the United States. Unlike the advanced some European countries such as Great Britain or France, as a new nation America had to import high-tech technologies from them. In the process of transplantation she had mixed up the civil engineering of British style with French's. As a result, the training of the civil engineers in America had developed in various ways.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.265-293
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• 2013

The second volume of the Iwakura Reports is the writing on Britain. What is interesting, here, is the fact that the mission had visited the large factories in the major industrial cities. The editor of the reports in particular recorded the productive processes of goods at many factories, and wrote his own impressions of the landscapes of those cities. Those records let us know the real situation of the British economy at the time. Japanese historians admit that the activities of the Iwakura mission largely contributed to Japan's modernization. But there are few studies that analyzed the second volume of the reports which had mainly described modern factories and industrial cities. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the records of the reports on the British industry, and to examine what they recognized from the industrial civilization. The Iwakura Reports would furnish important information to the notables that had initiated the early industrialization in Japan. After the mission's visit, some British companies' export to Japan increased rapidly. What is more important, however, is that the British economy was losing its own vitality in the late Victorian age in which Japan began to be rapidly industrialized. During the Japanese industrialization, some Japanese diplomats and factory-owners might have realized the decline of the British industry. Britain began to be overtaken by her rival countries such as the United States and Germany. The Iwakura Reports do not let us know the change of the British manufacture in the late nineteenth century. Later, the leading figures of Japan's industrialization might focus on the rise of Germany or America. As the Iwakura mission had visited Britain in the early stage of the competition between Britain and other rival states, they could not know the real situation of the British economy. Furthermore, with compiling his manuscripts, the editor of the reports could not help being based upon the factory-owners' explanations and their brochures. This is the reason why he focused only on the excellence and competitiveness of British manufacture.