• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2011.10a
• /
• pp.3278-3288
• /
• 2011

Bulk freight is transported by a freight car, ship and tank lorry without packaging in a state of particles or powders. In korea, the main bulk freight include oil, grain, coal, cement, iron ore and these are occupied nearly 30% of the volume of gross domestic freight transportation. Therefore it is in important to transport efficient bulk freight transport system for the improvement of national distribution competitive as raw material for industry. Generally environment-friendly transfer modes such as railway and sea transport play an important role in bulk freight transport due to the mass transfer characteristics of bulk freight. This study is carried out for examining the problem of oil, grain, coal, cement, ore transportation through analyzing distribution flow of items and understanding characters of transfer modes.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.47-61
• /
• 2016

The present study analyzed the railway transport characteristics of bulk cargo flowing in and out of trade ports in South Korea. Bulk cargo transport in freight stations located behind trade ports was examined using actual flow data, and new implications were drawn accordingly. The results showed that bulk cargo volume in freight stations located behind trade ports is gradually decreasing, and it is also failing to secure a competitive edge against road transport. This downfall can be mainly attributed to the decrease in competitiveness of railway transport as well as the emergence of new trade ports that do not have lead-in track for port. Therefore, greater effort is required to strengthen the connection between new trade ports and railway freight stations.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.388-393
• /
• 2012

Recently, various attempts are made to increase the efficiency of railway freight transport including bulk cement, the most important transport item of railway transport market. The major seven cement companies have started common use of private bulk cement car since April 2008 for the efficiency of railway freight transport. At that time, major seven cement companies owned 75% of whole bulk cement car. Railway companies forecasted that this project will decrease the amount of cost and transport time of freight car. With these data, it analyzed the effectiveness of the joint use of freight car on actual used data.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2010.06a
• /
• pp.1533-1541
• /
• 2010

Multi-purpose freight car is applicable for both bulk freight and containerized freight to cope with the unbalance between demand and supply due to the demand variation by seasons or directions. In this paper, we suggested the advantages of introducing attachable container to railway freight transportation and possible freight items to use multi-purpose freight car. This results can be used to analyse the amount of attachable container and the feasibility of introducing multi-purpose freight car to railway.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.337-343
• /
• 2016

The core decisions of bulk shipping businesses can be summarized as the timing and the choice of period for which carrying capacity is traded. In particular, frequent decisions to trade freight either with repeated spot transactions or with a one-off long-term deal critically impact business performance. Even though a variety of freight trading strategies can be employed to facilitate the decisions, chartering practitioners have not been active in utilizing these strategies, and academic research has rarely proposed applicable solutions. The specific properties of freight as a tradable commodity are not properly reflected in existing studies, and limitations have been reported in their application to the real world. This research focused on the establishment of applicable freight trading strategies by taking into account two properties of freight: time perishability and term-dependant pricing. In addition to traditional trading strategies, artificial neural networks were applied for the first time to the test of freight trading strategies. The performances of the trading strategies were measured and compared to produce a remarkable outperformance of the ANN. This research is expected to make a significant contribution to chartering practices by enhancing the quality of chartering decisions and eventually enabling the effective management of freight rate risk. In addition to methodological expansion, the result will propose a way to approach the controversial issue of freight market efficiency.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2016

The present study aims to evaluate transfer resistance factors in railway stations and draw new implications. The data used for the model estimation are RP (revealed preference) data and SP (stated preference) data. Two types of models were used for the analysis: integration model which combined line-haul stage, transfer stage and shuttle stage and separation model which assessed the three stages separately. The results revealed that while bulk freight shippers mainly focused on line-haul stage, they put emphasis on transfer stage as well. It's especially notable that transfer stage was considered more important than shuttle stage. Therefore, in future transportation policies concerning rail freight, it would be crucial not only to enhance the competitiveness of line-haul stage but also make improvements in transfer stage regarding railway stations.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.596-608
• /
• 2015

Freight transport by railway is gaining more attention at present as a countermeasure against global warming. In keeping with this purpose, the present study examined various methods for promoting railway use through minimization of the transfer resistance of bulk freight at railway stations. First, the transfer-related factors that shippers consider as important when choosing railway as a transport mode were identified. Also, the relative importance and the level of influence of each factor during the transfer stage were evaluated. Policy directions for reducing transfer resistance in railway stations were then proposed based on the analysis of the transfer resistance factors. The policy directions include both hardware and software approaches. The necessary reduction ranges with regard to the transfer cost and time through policy implementation efforts were suggested as well.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.26 no.7
• /
• pp.127-132
• /
• 2021

This paper applies a machine learning model to forecasting freight rates in dry bulk and tanker markets with wavelet decomposition and empirical mode decomposition because they can refect both information scattered in the time and frequency domain. The decomposition with wavelet is outperformed for the dry bulk market, and EMD is the more proper model in the tanker market. This result provides market players with a practical short-term forecasting method. This study contributes to expanding a variety of predictive methodologies for one of the highly volatile markets. Furthermore, the proposed model is expected to improve the quality of decision-making in spot freight trading, which is the most frequent transaction in the shipping industry.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.289-296
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the inter-correlation between crude oil prices and Dry Bulk Freight rates. Eco-friendly shipping fuels has being actively developed to reduce carbon emission. However, carbon neutrality will take longer than anticipated in terms of the present development process. Because of OVID-19 and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, crude oil price fluctuation has been exacerbated. So we must examine the impact on Dry Bulk Freight rates the oil prices have had, because oil prices play a major role in shipping fuels. By using the VAR (Vector Autoregressive) model with monthly data of crude oil prices (Brent, Dubai and WTI) and Dry Bulk Freight rates (BDI, BCI and (BP I) 2008.10~2022.02, the empirical analysis documents that the oil prices have an impact on Dry bulk Freight rates. From the analysis of the forecast error variance decomposition, WTI has the largest explanatory relationship with the BDI and Dubai ranks seoond, Brent ranks third. In conclusion, WTI and Dubai have the largest impact on the BDI, while there are some differences according to the ship-type.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.263-268
• /
• 2011

There are many exclusive freight cars in railway freight transportation system. Gondola is one kind of freight cars. Gondolas have a role to carry bulk-type cargo such as coals and ores. A few problems are occurring due to exclusive freight cars. Operation company has redundant freight cars because exclusive freight cars can carry limited items. And purchasing cost of freight cars is higher and higher because of irregular bid. Operation efficiency of gondola is very low because return time of gondola is much longer than that of container car. In this study, we analysed the introduction effect of hopper-type container for through transit. First, we identified the characteristics of spatial distribution on freight stations. And we provided the effect of hopper-type container in terms of operation efficiency, cost reduction, new demand excavation and image enhancement of eco-friendly railroad.