• 식물분류학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.334-344
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• 2019

The genome size is defined as the amount of DNA in an unreplicated gametic chromosome complement and is expressed as the 1C value. It is a fundamental parameter of organisms that is useful for studies of the genome, as well as biodiversity and conservation. The genome sizes of Korean plants, including Carex (Cyperaceae), have been poorly reported. In this study, we report the genome sizes of 43 species and infraspecific taxa of Korean Carex using flow cytometry, and these results represent about 24.4% of the Carex species and infraspecific taxa distributed on the Korean peninsula. The Plant DNA C-Value Database (release 7.1) updated with and now including our data (a total of 372 Carex accessions) shows that the average genome size of members of the Carex species is 0.47 pg (1C), and the largest genome (C. cuspidate Bertol.; 1C = 1.64 pg) is 8.2 times larger than the smallest (C. brownii Tuck., C. kobomugi Ohwi, C. nubigena D. Don ex Tilloch & Taylor, and C. paxii Kuk.; 1C = 0.20 pg). The large genomes are frequently found in the subgen. Carex, especially in sect. Aulocystis, sect. Digitatae, sect. Glaucae, sect. Paniceae, and sect. Siderostictae. Our data updates the current understanding of genome sizes in Carex. This will serve as the basis for understanding the phylogeny and evolution of Carex and will be especially useful for future genome studies.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2014

Objectives: We reviewed the CAREX (CARcinogen EXposure) program designed to estimate the prevalence of occupational exposure to carcinogens and summarized the advantages and limitations of this program. Methods: All literature, including reports on CAREX and the use of CAREX, were reviewed. The keyword search term was CAREX. Additional articles were identified from references cited in articles and reviewed. Results: An exposure information system, CAREX was developed based on data from the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Finland and from the US. CAREX has been applied in several countries, including in the EU, in order to estimate national exposure patterns to carcinogens. The initial exposure assessment carried out through CAREX was aimed at estimating exposures over the period of 1990-1993. To estimate the number of workers exposed to carcinogens by using CAREX, reference exposure prevalence from Finland and the United States was computed, which was then reviewed and corrected by national experts. Finally the overall number of workers exposed to carcinogens can be estimated. We found that CAREX has been used in a total of 18 countries. No Asian country has used CAREX. Conclusions: CAREX can be applied not only to estimate the number of workers exposed to carcinogens in Korea, but also to identify high-risk industries with workers most exposed to carcinogens.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.361-367
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• 2020

We report meiotic chromosome numbers of three taxa in Carex sect. Mitratae in Korea: Carex breviculmis R. Br. (n = 32_II, 33_II, 34_II), C. polyschoena H. Lév. & Vaniot (n = 37_II, 38_II), and C. sabynensis Less. ex Kunth (n = 27_II). Section Mitratae is one of the most species-rich Asian groups in Carex, comprising approximately 45-80 taxa. Twenty-seven of these occur in Korea, and they are some of the most challenging taxa to identify due to their obscure and inconspicuous diagnostic characters. Including the counts reported here, half of the native Korean sect. Mitratae chromosome numbers have been documented. Their haploid chromosome numbers range from n = 10 to n = 40, and many exhibit variations in the numbers counted within a taxon. These variations, along with the overall significant variation in sect. Mitratae, suggest that dynamic chromosome activity may be related to the high species diversity of Carex.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.192-197
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• 2021

In the flora of Korea, Carex L. is one of the most species-rich genera. Among nearly 157 Carex taxa, less than 30 have had chromosome numbers reported. We report the meiotic chromosome numbers of eight Carex taxa from Korean populations, which include the first count for C. accrescens Ohwi (n = 37_II) and the first chromosome investigations of Korea populations for three taxa: C. bostrychostigma Maxim. (n = 22_II), C. lanceolata Boott (n = 36_II), and C. paxii Kuk. (n = 38_II). In most species, chromosome counts observed in the study are included in the variation ranges of previous chromosome numbers. However, C. bostrychostigma Maxim. (n = 22_II) and C. planiculmis Kom. (n = 29_II) are assigned new chromosome numbers. Carex is known to have holocentric chromosomes, lacking visible primary constrictions and exhibiting great variance in its chromosome number. Further investigations of the diversity of Carex chromosomes will provide basic information with which to understand the high species diversity of the genus.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.269-273
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• 2019

We report the meiotic chromosome numbers of four Carex taxa from Korean populations. Three are the first reports made on taxa from Korean populations: Carex appendiculata (Trautv. & C. A. Mey.) $K{\ddot{u}}k$. ($n=27_{II}$), C. fernaldiana H. $L{\acute{e}}v$. & Vaniot ($n=33_{II}$), and C. metallica H.$L{\acute{e}}v$. ($n=15_{II}$). Reports on the other species expand the range of variation in the chromosome number within a taxon, C. miyabei Franch. (n = $43_{II}$, $44_{II}$, $45_{II}$). Carex L. (Cyperaceae) consists of more than 2,000 species worldwide and is the most species-rich genus in Korea. The species diversity in the genus has been hypothesized to be associated with the chromosome variation, but chromosome information pertaining to Korean Carex taxa is not well known. This report updates the chromosome number inventory on Korean Carex to 24 out of 180 taxa.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.275-277
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• 2012

국내에 알려지지 않은 사초속 청사초절에 속하는 식물인 좀목포사초(Carex kamagariensis K. Okamoto)가 우리나라 전국에 넓게 분포하는 것으로 확인되었다. 분류학적 근연군과는 자인편 까락이 길고 과낭 중앙부가 오목한 특징에 의해 구별된다. 국명은 형태적 특성을 고려하여 좀목포사초로 신칭하였고, 형태적 특징과 도해 및 생태사진을 제시하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2000

Up to now, there have been done much efforts in regard to nitrate reductase activity (NRA) of dicotyledonous herbs and important crop monocotyledons, but few to wild plants having canopy structure such as Carex. The objective of the present study are to determine: a) the optimum in vivo NR assay conditions for leaf samples of Carex species, b) changes of NRA according to section within leaf and leaf ages, c) diurnal variations. Optimized assay media of each Carex species were determined. NRA of C. rostrata adapted to oligotrophic habitats is readily saturated at lower substrate concentration than those of C. distans and C. gracilis, adapted to meso- and eutrophic habitats, respectively. All Carex species investigated have higher NRA in leaves than in roots. NRA of all species showed maximal values at the middle section of each leaf and in the youngest fully expanded leaves. Compared to C. gracilis, NR in leaves of C. distans was adapted readily to the light period. On the whole, Carex showed rather delayed diurnal variation. Even if the in vivo nitrate reductase assay based on nitrite estimation does not give an accurate estimation of total nitrate reduced, it still serves as a useful tool to find out relative differences in varying environmental conditions. Additionally, in vivo RNA measurements are helpful to understand nitrate reduction and basic nitrogen metabolism of Carex species having different canopy structure.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2013

한국산 사초과 Carex sect. Siderostictae Franch. ex Ohwi(대사초절, 3종), Carex ciliatomarginata Nakai(털대사초), C. okamotoi Ohwi(지리대사초), and C. siderosticta Hance(대사초)의 염색체 수를 2n = 12으로 밝힌다. 본 연구에서 한반도 자생 C. ciliatomarginata의 염색체 수를 최초로 보고한다. 해외의 다른 사초속 식물에서 보고된 바와 같이, 관찰된 모든 염색체에서 응축된 동원체가 관찰되지 않았으므로 크기는 다른 종들에서 관찰된 것보다는 길었다($1{\mu}m$이상). 대사초절의 종들도 모두 전부염색체(全部染色體, holocentric chromosome)를 가지며, 본 절이 tribe Cariceae Pax(사초족)에서 가장 먼저 분화된 분류군임을 감안할 때, 염색체 수가 적고(보고된 사초속 염색체 수의 변이 2n = 12 - 132) 크기가 큰 염색체가 Cariceae에서 원시적인 형질로 여겨진다. 사초속의 종 다양성에 크게 기여한 것으로 알려진 염색체 종 분화에 대한 이해를 위하여 한반도에 자생하는 사초속을 대상으로 하는 지속적인 세포학적 연구가 요구된다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2012

국내 미기록 식물인 긴화살사초(Carex benkei T. Shimizu)를 전라남도 신안군 임자면 재원리 재원도와 제주도 제주시 조천읍 선흘리 동백동산에서 확인하였다. 긴화살사초는 화살사초(Carex transversa Boott)와 흰꼬리사초(Carex brownii Tuck.)의 근연종으로, 까락을 제외한 자인편의 길이가 과낭의 길이와 거의 유사하며, 수과에 연결된 부리에 고리모양의 부속체가 있는 특징으로 구분된다. 새로운 국명은 화살사초에 비해 까락을 제외한 자인편의 길이가 긴 특징에 따라 '긴화살사초'로 하였고, 이에 대한 기재, 도해, 사진 및 흰꼬리사초절 분류군과의 검색표를 제시하였다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.247-249
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• 2014

사초과의 미기록 귀화식물인 한석사초(Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd. var. scoparia)가 강원도 인제군 한석산에서 발견되었다. 타래사초절에 속하는 본 종은 북아메리카 원산으로, 유럽과 뉴질랜드에 도입되어 분포하고 있고, 암꽃의 비늘조각이 피침형이며, 과포가 큰 특징으로 인해 아시아에 분포하는 근연종인 C. leporina L. 그리고 타래사초와 뚜렷이 구분된다. 국명은 채집지의 이름을 따서 '한석사초'로 명명하였으며, 형태적 특징에 대한 기재, 도해, 생태사진 및 검색표를 제시하였다.