• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1176-1184
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• 2007

Chunmagudeungeumgamibang(CGE) has been used for many years as a therapeutic agent for acute stage of cerebrovascular disease and hypertension in oriental medicine. But the effect of CGE on hypertension and vascular system is not well-known. This study was done to investigate the effects of CGE on hypertension. The results were obtained as follow : CGE showed a safety in cytotoxicity and toxicity of liver. CGE showed scavenging activity on DPPH free radical. CGE showed the inhibitory effect on ROS and ACE. CGE significantly decreased the blood pressure and pulse in DOCA-salt hypertensive rat. CGE significantly decreased the levels of aldosterone in DOCA-salt hypertensive rat. CGE significantly decreased the levels of dopamine, epinephrine in DOCA-salt hypertensive rat. CGE significantly decreased the levels of potassium and chloride in DOCA-salt hypertensive rat. CGE significantly increased the levels of calcium in DOCA-salt hypertensive rat. These results suggest that CGE might be effective in treatment and prevention of hypertension

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.912-918
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• 2006

This study examined the improvement of bread quality with Curcula longa and Glycyorrhiza uralensis extract (CGE). When counted, the viable cell number in bread with 5% of CGE dramatically was decreased by about 1 log cycle as compared to that of bread without CGE. With regard to oxidation, the content of malonaldehyde diminished in breads with increasing amounts of CGE. Breads with 1 and 5% of CGE were shown to have the highest antioxidative effect. The moisture contents of bread with CGE and bread without CGE were not much different during the early storage period. After six days of storage, however, the moisture contents of bread without CGE and bread with 0.5% of CGE decreased about 16%. On the other hand, the moisture contents of bread with 1% and 5% of CGE did not change dramatically. Their moisture content was decreased by only 4% during the same storage period. Although color, lightness and redness gradually diminished with increasing amounts of CGE in bread, conversely yellowness increased. In the sensory evaluation, bread with 0.5% and 1% of CGE scored the highest: 3.66 and 3.67 out of 5, respectively. Bread with 5% of CGE scored the lowest of the various bread tested. From these results, the addition of 1% CGE in bread had a good effect on improvement of preservation and development of quality.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.973-997
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• 2000

The carbon tax is one of several measures to reduce the green-house gases emitted from burning the fossil fuels, which has been much discussed internationally. The analyses of the effects of a carbon tax on individual countries have been carried out by applying the computable general equilibrium(CGE) models, especially models with the assumption of non-existence of scale economies. However, the introduction of scale economies to CGE models changes the simulation results drastically. In this paper, two CGE models are used to compute and compare the economic and $CO_2$ reduction effects of a carbon tax, one of with is the model with scale economies and the other is without scale economies. One of main results is that the analysis using the CGE model without scale economies may underestimate the effects of a carbon tax on GDP and reducing the emission of $CO_2$.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.67-86
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• 2018

This paper attempted to analyze impacts of transition in electricity generation system on a national economy and environmental level in Korea using a recursive computable general equilibrium(CGE) model. In particular, the paper presented a hybrid model combining the top-down CGE model with the bottom-up model which describes the structure of electricity production in detail. The impacts were analyzed by two policy scenarios base on the basic plan for electricity supply and demand proposed by the Korean government. As a result, the paper specifically showed that there exists a trade-off relationship in the policy-making between economic efficiency and environmental level. The paper also suggested that the transition in electricity generation system should be done more gradually and carefully.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.423-453
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• 2010

This study aims at quantifying potential economic effects on the Korean economy of a China-Korea FTA and a Japan-Korea FTA using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Most of the previous studies on them used static CGE models. Key findings of this study are that a China-Korea FTA would lead to a higher increase in Korea's exports and economic growth than a Japan-Korea FTA and that both a China-Korea FTA and a Japan-Korea FTA would cause additional trade deficits to Korea, which would be minuscule compared to Korea' economic trade volume. Since potential economic impacts on Korea's industry output and exports by sector of a China-Korea FTA and a Japan-Korea FTA are forecast to be complementary, i.e., major sectors which would run trade deficits from a Japan-Korea FTA would run trade surpluses from a China-Korea FTA, a simultaneous pursuit of both a China-Korea FTA and a Japan-Korea FTA would be more desirable and beneficial to Korea. This study shows that a dynamic CGE model which can take explicit account of international capital mobility and ownership is required for more precise estimation of effects of the FTAs.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 1998

Preimplantation embryos of the rat was examined by the morphological changes in the cortical granule envelope (CGE), blastomere surface, and zona pellucida (ZP) of embryo after cortical reaction. The ultrastructural characteristics and CGE of embryos were observed with the scanning electron microscope and fluorescence microscope. In the ultrastructural characteristic of embryo surface, surface microvilli were shortened and the CGE-like structure existed above microvilli in eight-cell embryo. Rough spongy surface and decreased network numbers were key characters of embryonic ZP compared to unfertilized oocyte. The CGE formed by cortical reaction existed in perivitelline space during embryo development but it was thin and locally distributed ill contrast to fertilized oocyte. The present results indicate that cortical reaction forms cortical granule envelope in perivitelline space and causes not only zona hardening, but also ultrastructural changes in ZP and cell membrane of preimplantation embryos.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.244-251
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• 2020

This paper presents a design of the Meta-Class Repository (MCR) which maintain syntactically analyzed and structured meta-class information from UML diagrams, and then proposes 'meta-class,' also known as super-class, to construct structured information analyzed syntactically. The MCR is a collection of these meta-classes which contains the information extracted from diagrams. This paper also presents a design of the Code Generation Engine (CGE) which roles generating codes corresponding classes from UML diagrams based on the MCR maintaining a collection of meta-classes which is syntactically-analyzed and constructed in previous process. The logics of CGE are designed to generate codes collaborated with MCR and CGE with integration. The logics of CGE mechanism is presented with the form of finite state machine to present the algorithms of code generation formally and have the advantages of simplicity and easiness in development.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.48-64
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• 2021

Purpose - This study examined the effect of tariff cuts on productivity in Korea's manufacturing industries and the effect of initial productivity level before tariff cuts on productivity improvement after tariff cuts. We also attempted to identify whether import-driven or export-driven factors are more important for productivity improvement, especially in low productivity industries. Design/methodology - Since tariff reduction is a policy decision that can affect cross-industry, its impact is spread across all industries beyond the scope of a single firm through the input and output network of industry structure. Accordingly, we proposed a new method to measure the change in productivity to reflect the impact of tariff cuts across industries. Through an Armington CGE analysis, changes in endogenous variables can be directly measured after the exogenous shock of tariff reduction, and the amount of movements in productivity triggered by tariff cuts can also be calculated. We can thus assess the effectiveness of exogenous policy, such as tariff cuts, through the difference between the benchmark and counterfactual values of endogenous variables. Findings - This study confirmed that tariff reduction positively affected productivity improvement in Korea's manufacturing industries. It also confirmed that productivity gains occur in Korea's leading export industries. Finally, greater productivity gains were recorded in the group with additional high-export-share or high-import-share conditions for low productivity industries. These results are, in a limited sense, consistent with the existing studies that emphasize the importance of exports and imports on productivity improvement, especially for low productivity industries. Originality/value - The results of our experiments are different from those of non-CGE studies, which measure the industry-level change in productivity with dummy coefficients, in terms of directly calculating the amount of change in productivity. In addition, we propose that the Armington CGE model is more appropriate than the Melitz CGE model to directly measure the productivity after tariff cuts. This is because the Melitz CGE model assumes the given specific productivity density, which does not change after an overall drop of tariffs. To the best of our knowledge, this approach to directly calculating productivity by reflecting the impact of tariff reduction across industries through CGE analysis, is unprecedented in this literature.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.259-262
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• 2015

The antibacterial effects of a combination of Coptidis rhizoma and Galla rhois extracts (CGE) were evaluated in piglets. The minimum bactericidal concentration of CGE was 2.0 mg/mL. Thirty 5-week-old piglets were challenged with Campylobacter (C.) coli after allocation to three different groups, a control and two treatment groups fed with CGE at 2.0 or 4.0 g/kg feed for 7 days. On day 7, C. coli in the feces of the CGE-treated groups were significantly lower than in the control (p < 0.01). These results suggest that CGE can be used to control C. coli in piglets.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.57-83
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• 2011

We suggested industry-specific priorities of R&D investment with R&D investment elasticity to GDP calculated from the ripple effect of 28 large-sized industry R&D investment, using a Computable General Equilibrium(CGE) Model. Priority orders apply to only 12 industries, because 16 industries with less than 1% of total investment have been excluded. First, R&D investment elasticity to GDP says that priorities are ordered as Basic metal products, Chemicals, drugs and medicines, Food, beverages and tobacco products, Electronic and electrical equipment, Transportation equipment, Precision instruments, Electrictity, gas, steam and water supply, General machinery and equipment, Communications and broadcasting, Construction, Other services, and Real estate and business services. These priorities show the status quo of Korean industry structures well. The GDP growth rate to 2030 year reference equilibrium, which is an auxiliary index, says a similar priority to results from R&D investment elasticity to GDP. In the end, two criteria of priority order can be functioned as a good index for National Science and Technology Commission deciding what industry to invest and what budget to allocate.