• Title/Summary/Keyword: CO Poisoning

Search Result 164, Processing Time 0.035 seconds

Epidemiologic Characteristics of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Emergency Department Based Injury In-depth Surveillance of Twenty Hospitals (일산화탄소 중독의 역학적 특징: 전국 20개 병원 응급실 손상환자 표본 심층조사)

  • Bae, Sohyun;Lee, Jisook;Kim, Kyunghwan;Park, Junseok;Shin, Dongwun;Kim, Hyunjong;Park, Joonmin;Kim, Hoon;Jeon, Woochan
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
    • /
    • v.14 no.2
    • /
    • pp.122-128
    • /
    • 2016
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to describe the characteristics of patients with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Methods: We retrospectively surveyed data from the Emergency Department based Injury In-depth Surveillance of 20 hospitals (2011-2014). We included patients whose mechanism of injury was acute CO poisoning caused by inhalation of gases from charcoal or briquettes. We surveyed the annual frequency, gender, age, result of emergency treatment, rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, result of admission, association with alcohol, and place of accident. We also surveyed the cause and experience of past suicide attempts by intentional poisoning. Results: A total of 3,405 patients were included (2,015 (59.2%) and 1,390 (40.8%) males and females, respectively) with a mean age of $39.83{\pm}18.51$ year old. The results revealed that the annual frequency of CO poisoning had increased and the frequency of unintentional CO poisoning was higher than that of intentional CO poisoning in January, February and December. The mean age of intentional CO poisoning was younger than that of unintentional CO poisoning ($38.41{\pm}13.03$ vs $40.95{\pm}21.83$) (p<0.001). The rates of discharge against medical advice (DAMA), ICU care and alcohol association for intentional CO poisoning were higher than for unintentional CO poisoning (36.4% vs 14.0%, 17.8% vs 4.7%, 45.2% vs 5.6%) (p<0.001). The most common place of CO poisoning was in one's residence. Conclusion: The annual frequency of total CO poisoning has increased, and unintentional CO poisoning showed seasonal variation. DAMA, ICU care, and alcohol association of intentional CO poisoning were higher than those of unintentional CO poisoning.

Effects of N-acetylcystein on changes in parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the hippocampus after carbon monoxide poisoning (급성 일산화탄소 중독 후 해마에서 Parvalbumin 양성 중간뉴론의 변화에 대한 N-acetylcystein의 효과)

  • Kim, Seon Tae;Yoo, Su Jin
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
    • /
    • v.19 no.2
    • /
    • pp.100-109
    • /
    • 2021
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the injury of putative parvalbumin positive interneurons defined by molecular marker and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a marker of neural plasticity following acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Methods: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 1100 ppm CO for 40 minutes followed by 3000 ppm CO for 20 minutes. Animals received daily intraperitoneal injection of NAC (150 mg/kg) for 5 days after CO exposure. Changes in learning and spatial memory were evaluated by Y-maze test 5 days after the poisoning. In vivo LTP in hippocampal CA1 area was evaluated by using extracellular electrophysiological technique. Immunohistochemical staining were adopted to observe expressional damages of parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactive interneurons in the hippocampus following the poisoning. Results: Acute CO intoxication resulted in no changes in memory performance at Y-maze test but a significant reduction of LTP in the in hippocampal CA1 area. There was also a significant reduction of PV (+) interneurons in the hippocampal CA1 area 5 days after CO poisoning. Daily treatment of NAC significantly improved hippocampal LTP impairment and reduced immunoreactivity for PV in the hippocampus following the acute CO poisoning. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that reduction of hippocampal LTP and PV (+) interneurons in the hippocampus is sensitive indicator for brain injury and daily NAC injections can be the alternative therapeutics for the injury induced by acute CO poisoning.

Analysis of the Effects of CO Poisoning and Air Bleeding on the Performance of a PEM Fuel Cell Stack using First-Order System Model (일차계 모델을 이용한 고분자전해질 연료전지 스택의 CO Poisoning 및 Air Bleeding 효과 분석)

  • Han, In-Su;Shin, Hyun Khil
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
    • /
    • v.51 no.3
    • /
    • pp.370-375
    • /
    • 2013
  • We analyze the effects of CO poisoning and air bleeding on the performance of a PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane) fuel cell stack fabricated using commercial MEA (membrane electrode assembly). Dynamic response data from the experiments on the performance of a stack are identified by obtaining steady-state gains and time-constants of the first-order system model expressed as a first-order differential equation. It is found that the cell voltage of the stack decreases by 1.3-1.6 mV as the CO concentration rises by 1 ppm. The time elapsed to reach a new steady state after a change in the CO concentration is shortened as the magnitude of the change in the CO concentration increases. In general, the steady-state gain becomes bigger and the time-constant gets smaller with increasing the air concentration (air-bleeding level) in the reformate gas to restore the cell voltage. However, it is possible to recover 87%-96% of the original cell voltages, which are measured with free of CO, within 1-30 min by introducing the bleed air as much as 1% of the reformate gas into the stack.

Influence of defective sites in Pt/C catalysts on the anode of direct methanol fuel cell and their role in CO poisoning: a first-principles study

  • Kwon, Soonchul;Lee, Seung Geol
    • Carbon letters
    • /
    • v.16 no.3
    • /
    • pp.198-202
    • /
    • 2015
  • Carbon-supported Pt catalyst systems containing defect adsorption sites on the anode of direct methanol fuel cells were investigated, to elucidate the mechanisms of H2 dissociation and carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to determine the effect of defect sites located neighboring to or distant from the Pt catalyst on H2 and CO adsorption properties, based on electronic properties such as adsorption energy and electronic band gap. Interestingly, the presence of neighboring defect sites led to a reduction of H2 dissociation and CO poisoning due to atomic Pt filling the defect sites. At distant sites, H2 dissociation was active on Pt, but CO filled the defect sites to form carbon π-π bonds, thus enhancing the oxidation of the carbon surface. It should be noted that defect sites can cause CO poisoning, thereby deactivating the anode gradually.

Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide Enema on Recovery of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (과산화수소 관장이 급성 일산화탄소중독의 회복에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Won-Kyun;Chae, E-Up
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
    • /
    • v.20 no.1
    • /
    • pp.53-63
    • /
    • 1986
  • Carbon monoxide(CO) poisoning has been one of the major environmental problems because of the tissue hypoxia, especially brain tissue hypoxia, due to the great affinity of CO with hemoglobin. Inhalation of the pure oxygen$(0_2)$ under the high atmospheric pressure has been considered as the best treatment of CO poisoning by the supply of $0_2$ to hypoxic tissues with dissolved from in plasma and also by the rapid elimination of CO from the carboxyhemoglobin(HbCO). Hydrogen peroxide $(H_2O_2)$ was rapidly decomposed to water and $0_2$ under the presence of catalase in the blood, but the intravenous administration of $H_2O_2$ is hazardous because of the formation of methemoglobin and air embolism. However, it was reported that the enema of $H_2O_2$ solution below 0.75% could be continuously supplied $0_2$ to hypoxic tissues without the hazards mentioned above. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of $H_2O_2$ enema on the elimination of CO from the HbCO in the recovery of the acute CO poisoning. Rabbits weighting about 2.0 kg were exposed to If CO gas mixture with room air for 30 minutes. After the acute CO poisoning, 30 rabbits were divided into three groups relating to the recovery period. The first group T·as exposed to the room air and the second group w·as inhalated with 100% $0_2$ under 1 atmospheric pressure. The third group was administered 10 ml of 0.5H $H_2O_2$ solution per kg weight by enema immediately after CO poisoning and exposed to the room air during the recovery period. The arterial blood was sampled before and after CO poisoning ana in 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes of the recovery period. The blood pH, $Pco_2\;and\;Po_2$ were measured anaerobically with a Blood Gas Analyzer and the saturation percentage of HbCO was measured by the Spectrophotometric method. The effect of $H_2O_2$ enema on the recovery from the acute CO poisoning was observed and compared with the room air group and the 100% $0_2$ inhalation group. The results obtained from the experiment are as follows: The pH of arterial blood was significantly decreased after CO poisoning and until the first 15 minutes of the recovery period in all groups. Thereafter, it was slowly increased to the level of the before CO poisoning, but the recovery of pH of the $H_2O_2$ enema group was more delayed than that of the other groups during the recovery period. $Paco_2$ was significantly decreased after CO poisoning in all groups. Boring the recovery Period, $Paco_2$ of the room air group was completely recovered to the level of the before CO Poisoning, but that of the 100% $O_2$ inhalation group and the $H_2O_2$ enema group was not recovered until the 90 minutes of the recovery period. $Paco_2$ was slightly decreased after CO poisoning. During the recovery Period, it was markedly increased in the first 15 minutes and maintained the level above that before CO Poisoning in all groups. Furthermore $Paco_2$ of the $H_2O_2$ enema group was 102 to 107 mmHg and it was about 10 mmHg higher than that of the room air group during the recovery period. The saturation percentage of HbCO was increased up to the range of 54 to 72 percents after CO poisoning and in general it was generally diminished during the recovery period. However in the $H_2O_2$ enema group the diminution of the saturation percentage of HbCO was generally faster than that of the 100% $O_2$ inhalation group and the room air group, and its diminution in the 100% $O_2$ inhalation group was also slightly faster than that of the room air group at the relatively later time of the recovery period. In conclusion, the enema of 0.5% $H_2O_2$ solution is seems to facilitate the elimination of CO from the HbCO in the blood and increase $Paco_2$ simultaneously during the recovery period of the acute CO poisoning.

  • PDF

Elimination of CO through the Lung in CO Poisoned Dog (일산화탄소중독시(一酸化炭素中毒時) 폐(肺)로 부터의 일산화탄소(一酸化炭素) 방산(放散)에 관(關)하여)

  • Kang, Bann;Kim, Kun-Joo;Ryo, Ung-Yun
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
    • /
    • v.1 no.2
    • /
    • pp.185-191
    • /
    • 1967
  • In order to evaluate the elimination of CO through the lung comparing with the decrease of CO content in the blood, authors had induced acute CO poisoning on 9 dogs. Arterial CO-Hb saturation, CO concentration, %, in expired gas and eliminated CO amount through the lung were measured at 1,5,10,30,60, and 120 minutes after acute CO poisoning in 6 dogs breathing room air and 3 dogs breathing room air and oxygen alternately. Results obtained are summarized as follows. In room air breathing group, arterial CO-Hb saturation averaged 50.8% , and 53.67 ml of CO was blew off through the lung during 120 minutes and in alternately air and oBygen breathing group, the arterial CO-Hb saturation averaged 65.6% and 95.6 ml of CO was blew off through the lung. The amount of CO eliminated in expired gas for 120 minute was much less than the amount of decreased CO in arterial blood which was calculated with the decreased CO-Hb content in the estimated circulating blood volume. Such difference between the amount of eliminated CO in expired gas and the decreased CO in blood might be attributed to the oxidation of CO to $CO_2$ in the tissues. Concentration of CO in expired gas was markedly increased and the rate of decrease in arterial CO-Hb saturation is enhanced by oxygen breathing. In early period of recovery from acute CO poisoning, neither the CO concentration in expired gas, nor, the rate of CO elimination (unlit 2 minutes after CO poisoning) showed close correlation with the blood CO-Hb saturation level. The reason seemed to be due to irregularly depressed or unevenly stimulated respiration which were induced by acute CO poisoning.

  • PDF

EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL PREDICTION OF CONCENTRATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE GAS RELEASED FROM EXHAUST TUBE OF GAS BOILER (가스보일러 배기통 이탈에 의한 CO가스 누출확산 실험 및 수치해석)

  • Kang, Seung-Kyu;Choi, Kyung-Suhk;Yoon, Joon-Yong
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 2008.03b
    • /
    • pp.172-175
    • /
    • 2008
  • In the last five years, 45 people died and 104 were wounded because of carbon monoxide poisoning accident. CO poisoning accident is higher than any other gas accident in the rate of deaths/incidents. Most of these CO poisoning accidents were caused by defective exhaust tube in the old gas boiler and multi-use facility. In this study, the spread of CO gas released from leakage hole of exhaust tube was analyzed by computational flow modeling and concentration measuring test. CO gas leaked form exhaust tube in a building was highest concentrated near the ceiling and formed the circular currents along the walls. Through these experiments and simulation, the reasonable installation location of CO alarm was made certain and suggested.

  • PDF

Influence of the Werther Effect: An Increase of Intentional Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (베르테르 효과의 영향; 의도적 일산화탄소 중독의 증가)

  • Heo, In-Young;Choi, Sang-Cheon;Lee, Chung-Ah;Ahn, Jung-Hwan;Min, Young-Gi;Jung, Yoon-Seok;Cho, Joon-Pil;Kim, Jin-Sook
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
    • /
    • v.7 no.2
    • /
    • pp.143-149
    • /
    • 2009
  • Purpose: Suicide attempts are known to be influenced by mass media reports. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of mass media reporting celebrity suicides on an increase of intentional carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning and suicide attempts. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the consecutive patients who presented with suicide attempts to the Emergency Department of Ajou University Hospital during a 24 month period. We obtained the demographic data, any past history of suicide attempt and the methods of suicide attempts from the medical records of the suicide attempters. Time series analysis was conducted for evaluating the influence of mass media reporting of celebrity suicide on the suicide rates. Results: We finally enrolled 770 patients during the study period. The total number of suicide attempts by CO poisoning was 18 and the average number of suicide attempts by CO was $0.33{\pm}0.73$ per week. All of the suicide attempts by CO poisoning occurred after a celebrity committed suicide using CO from burning charcoal. Conclusion: This study showed that celebrity suicide by CO poisoning resulted in the Werther effect, which made the rate of intended CO poisoning increase, and the study provided further evidence for the need to actively restrain mass media reporting of suicide to decrease the Werther effect.

  • PDF

Revies on the Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Korea (한국에 있어서 연탄가스 중독에 관한 역학적 조사)

  • 이옥휘
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
    • /
    • v.5 no.1
    • /
    • pp.25-39
    • /
    • 1978
  • Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the most serious health problems in Korea. In this review, the author made a intensive reference review on the causes of carbon monoxide poisoning, the patterns of carbon monoxide poisoning and the prospects of CO poisoning. Following findings were induced through the review. 1. Carbon monoxide poisoning is influenced by variable social factors than any other diseases or accidents and is more closely related with the economical and cultural parameters of the community. 2. The increase of risk in the populatlon is expected by National Energy Policy and the hazards of CO poisoning will rather be increasing as long as no radical control measure will be taken. 3. More practical control measure, including extensive public relation service, should be established to eradicate this serious health hazard in Korea.

  • PDF

Analysis of Mechanism for Diffusion of Incomplete Combustion Gas Released from Domestic Gas Boiler (가정용 보일러의 불완전연소가스 누출확산 메커니즘 해석)

  • Kang, Seung-Kyu;Choi, Kyung-Suhk;Yoon, Joon-Yong
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
    • /
    • 2008.11b
    • /
    • pp.2868-2873
    • /
    • 2008
  • Carbon Monoxide(CO) poisoning accident is higher than any other gas accident in the rate of deaths/incidents. In the last five years, 36 people died and 104 were wounded because of carbon monoxide poisoning accident. Most of these CO poisoning accidents were caused by defective exhaust tube in the old gas boiler and multi-use facility. In this study, the spread of incomplete combustion gas(CO) released from leakage hole of exhaust tube was analyzed by computational flow modeling and concentration measuring test. CO gas leaked form exhaust tube in a building was highest concentrated near the ceiling and formed the circular currents along the walls. Through these experiments and simulation, the reasonable installation location of carbon monoxide alarm was made certain and suggested.

  • PDF