• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.39-44
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• 2013

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause (70%) of children injury and fatality. 98% of Children under the age of 9 who came to emergency room with a traffic accident are not seated in CRS. Reduction in mortality when using CRS (NHTSA study), 71% for infants of 1-2 years old, 54% for 3-6 years old and 7-12 years old. It is very important and essential to use CRS for child passenger safety. But in Korean market, the CRS fitment rate is relatively low (20~40%). For European market, at the start of 2013, Euro NCAP started to check how easy it is to install the most common seats. And US market, NHTSA is planning a new consumer information program of CRS fitment for near future. This study examines CRS installation performance of 3 vehicles which are produced by GM Korea and 21 CRS which are based on sales volume in Korean market. Purpose of this study is to identify both vehicle and CRS design that causes bad interaction for CRS installation.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.273-283
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the potential of the use of the Classroom Response System (CRS), a kind of new ICT medium, in a quiz problem-solving oriented high school life science class. To find the usefulness of CRS as a teaching and learning strategy, the CRS group (n=34) sent prompt individual answers to the teachers' questions using the CRS terminal (Clicker), and the teacher then asked additional reasons of the individuals and gave personalized feedback. In the control group (n=35), the CRS was not used while the teacher asked overall questions and gave feedback in an undifferentiated way. As a result, the CRS increased students' interest and concentration during class, but there were no significant differences in study achievement between the two groups. However, there were significant differences between the medium-level groups when the two groups were divided into smaller ones based on their pre-scores. We suggest that, for effective use of the CRS for diagnostic and formative assessment, teachers should develop a teaching and learning strategy that can produce appropriate questions of various levels in advance, investigate the exact reasons for students' answers, and give customized feedback by individual as much as possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.29-30
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to closely examine relationship of the system re-use intention depending on CRS technology acceptance. Accordingly, questionnaire was widely distributed to 160 CRS users by convenient sampling targeting people in charge of task among employees for airlines and travel agencies, who are working-level staffs for CRS. Among these things, totally 142 valid materials were used in analysis. The analytical data processing was utilized SPSSWIN VER 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. The findings can be summarized as follows. Influential variables in CRS technology acceptance had significant influence upon the perceived ease use, the perceived usability, and the re-use intention. Also, the significant positive(+) influence was revealed to be had upon the perceived usability by the perceived ease use and upon the re-use intention by the perceived usability and ease use.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2009

Chemical Ranking and Scoring (CRS) system is a useful tool to screen priority chemicals of large body of substances. The relative ranking of chemicals based on CRS system has served as a decision-making support tools. Exposure potential and toxicity are significant parameters in CRS system, and there are differences in evaluating those parameters in each CRS system. In this study, the parameters of exposure potential, human toxicity, and ecotoxicity were extensively compared. In addition the scoring methods in each parameter were analyzed. The CRS systems considered in this study include the CHEMS-1 (Chemical Hazard Evaluation for Management Strategies), SCRAM (Scoring and Ranking Assessment Model), EURAM (European Union Risk Ranking Method), ARET (Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics), and CRS-Korea. An comparative analysis of the several CRS systems is presented based on their assessment parameters and scoring methods.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.62-71
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• 2008

Soil quality standards (SQS) are necessary to protect the human health and soil biota from the exposure to soil pollutants. The current SQS in Korea contain only sixteen substances, and it is scheduled to expand the number of substances. Chemical ranking and scoring (CRS) system is very effective to screen the priority chemicals for the future SQS in terms of their toxicity and exposure potential. In this study, several CRS systems were extensively compared to propose the assessment factors that required for the screening of soil pollutants The CRS systems considered in this study include the CHEMS-1 (Chemical Hazard Evaluation for Management Strategies), SCRAM (Scoring and Ranking Assessment Model), EURAM (European Union Risk Ranking Method), ARET (Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics), CRSKorea, and other systems. The additional assessment factors of CRS suitable for soil pollutants were suggested. We suggest soil adsorption factor as an appropriate factor of CRS system to consider chemical transport from soil to groundwater. Other factors such as soil emission rate and cases of accident of soil pollutants were included. These results were reflected to screen the priority chemicals in Korea, as a part of the project entitled ‘Setting the Priority of Soil Contaminants'.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.399-406
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• 2000

In this study, using the CRS consolidation tests on reconstituted marine clay, the characteristics of C$\sub$v/, k, e and $\varepsilon$, the anisotropic characteristics of specimen according to the rate of strain were estimated. Also, the validity of the Wissa et al.(1971) consolidation theory on CRS(Constant Rate of Strain) consolidation tests were reviewed. From that results, it was shown that the value of C$\sub$v/, k and u$\sub$b/ was increased as the rate of strain was increased. While the difference of the value( C$\sub$v/, k and u$\sub$b/) between vertically reconstituted specimen and horizontally reconstituted specimen became small as the rate of strain was increased. It is known that k is different due to the hydraulic gradient(i) during the CRS consolidation tests. The subject of this study is to distinguish steady state from transient state in CRS consolidation tests. Consequently, the difference of the value(C$\sub$v/ and k) is higher in case of vertically reconstituted specimen than horizontally reconstituted specimen.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.165-181
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• 1991

This paper presents a developmental approach undertaken by Asiana Airlines to implement computerized reservation system (CRS), Asiana Airlines is a new entrant into the once monopolized airline business in Korea. As a new entrant, it was absolutely necessary to develop CRS fast to begin the business in a relatively short period of time. By taking the risk of choosing Airline Control System which no airlines has yet implemented CRS with, Asiana Airlines was able to shorten development time considerably as well as integrate CRS with internal management information systems. This enhances system flexibility greatly. It is initially viewed that developing CRS is not to get competitive advantage but to overcome competitive disadvantage at Asiana Airlines. The paper also surveys the changing environment of CRS in general and the future implementation plan for ARTIS(Asiana Airline Reservation and Travel Information System) to be more of a competitive weapon in increasingly competitive international air travel market.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.389-401
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• 2003

The changes in structure and abundance of taxon or species groups in the East Sea ecosystem were compared between pre- and post-Climatic Regime Shift (CRS) occurred in the mid 1970s using an ECOPATH model. Although the East Sea ecosystem consisted of primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers and terminal consumers most species groups were classified as secondary consumers. The mean trophic level between pre- and post-CRS increased from 3.09 during the pre-CRS period to 3.28 during the post-CRS period. Total biomass of the species groups in the East Sea ecosystem increased by $9\%$ due to the CRS, and total catch increased by $48\%.$ The most significant differences between pre- and post-CRS models occurred at the mid/high trophic levels occupied by fishes and cephalopods. Relative contribution of the different species groups to the total energy flow was calculated for the trophic level III. As a result, the status by the dominant species in the East Sea ecosystem shifted from cephalopods to walleye pollock due to the CRS. Relative contribution of 5 species, which were commercially important, such as Pacific saury, Pacific sardine, filefish, walleye pollock and sandfish in trophic level III, were also changed due to the CRS. Finally, the CRS turned out to cause large variations in biomass and catch of fisheries resources as well as the status and role of the major species.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.78 no.1
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• pp.87-102
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• 2021

Long span cross-rope suspension structure is an innovative structural system evolved from typical Cross-Rope Suspension (CRS) guyed tower, a type of supporting system with short span suspension cable supporting overhead power transmission lines. In mountainous areas, the span length of suspension cable was designed to be extended to hundreds or over one thousand meters, which is applicable for crossing deep valleys. Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) of overhead power transmission lines was considered to be one of the major factors of its fatigue and service life. In this paper, VIV and its controlling by Stockbridge damper for long span CRS was discussed. Firstly, energy balance method and finite element method for assessing VIV of CRS were presented. An approach of establishing FE model of long span CRS structure with dampers was introduced. The effect of Stockbridge damper for overall vibration of CRS was compared in both theoretical and numerical approaches. Results indicated that vibration characteristics of conductor in long span CRS compared with traditional tower-line system. Secondly, analysis on long span CRS including Stockbridge damper showed additional dampers installed were essential for controlling maximum dynamic bending stresses of conductors at both ends. Moreover, factors, including configuration and mass of Stockbridge damper, span length of suspension cable and conductor and number of spans of conductor, were assessed for further discussion on VIV controlling of long span CRS.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.71-84
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• 2004

CRS, which was initially developed to support airline reservation is now the main part of e-business of airlines, and it decides the degree of prompt and accurate itinerary for travelers due to the remarkable difference in availability inquiry and seats reservation information according to CRS joining level CRS joining level also decides the exactness of reservation, ticketing and traffic data collection and plays the most important role in the exactness of advanced forecast of demand, appropriate seats allocation, and overbooking. Therefore, it provides front end function like seats reservation, schedule display, fare inquiry on-line linked with CRS and back office function like sales result of travel agents, accounting administration. stock administration and customer administration and decides the level of an airline's e-business.