• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2015

Two main parameters were examined such as CSA content and polymer-binder ratio to find effects on the strength, water absorption, chloride ion penetration depth, carbonation depth, length change and chemical resistance of polymer-modified mortar with CSA and EVA polymer powder (EVAPP). As results, compressive, flexural, tensile, adhesive strengths, and length change of the polymer-modified mortar with CSA and EVAPP increases with increasing CSA content and polymer-binder ratio, although the water absorption, chloride ion penetration depth, and carbonation depth decrease with increasing polymer-binder ratio and CSA content, and also the chemical resistance decreases. Such strength and durability development is attributed to the high tensile strength of EVA polymer and the improved bond between cement hydrates and aggregates because of the addition of EVAPP and CSA.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.631-637
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• 2002

This paper deals with hydration properties of the OPC with CSA-system expansive materials. In OPC using CSA, that was formed monosulfate for the main part. but In OPCs using CSA and gypsum, using CSA and gypsum and lime, that were formed ettringite for the main part. On the shrinkage ratio, the former is larger than the latter And CSA-system with gypsum and lime is smallest of all systems. According to dimension of shrinkage ratios are as follows; OPC using CSA only＞ OPC only＞ OPC using CSA and gypsum＞ OPC using CSA, gypsum and lime. And "R"s are 0.32, 0.37, 0.8, 0.8, 0.8 each others. In OPC with CSA-system expansive materials, we know that expansive properties were depend upon the value of "R". "R" means supplying quantities about demanding quantities for ettringite. In the case of expansive materials with CSA-system and lime, it is to be rich Ca(OH)$_2$ in the solution. so, it is formed small ettringite as the needle shapes. they are contribute to expansive.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 2006

The method of implementing a modular multiplier for Montgomery multiplication by using an adder depends on a selected adder. When using a CPA, there is a carry propagation problem. When using a CSA, it needs an additional calculation for a final result. The Multiplier using a Multi-precision CSA can solve both problems simultaneously by combining a CSA and a CPA. This paper presents an improved MP-CSA which reduces hardware resources and operation time by changing a MP-CSA's carry chain structure. Consequently, the proposed multiplier is more suitable for the module of long bit multiplication and exponentiation using a modular multiplier repeatedly.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.520-529
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• 2001

Carry-save-adder(CSA) is one of the most effective operation cells in implementing an arithmetic hardware with high performace and small circuit area. An fundamental drawback of the existing CAS applications is that the applications are limited to the local parts of arithmetic circuit that are directly converted to additions. To resolve the limitation, we propose a set of new CSA transformation techniques: optimizing arithmetics with multiplexors, optimizing arithmetics in multiple designs, and optimizing arithmetics with multiplications. We then design a new CSA transformation algorithm which integrates the proposed techniques, so that we are able to utilize CSAs more globally. An extensive experimentation for practical designs are provided to show the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm over the conventional CSA techniques.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.422-428
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• 2023

For the purpose of increasing protein dissolution by organic acids, chicken stock with apples (CSA) was manufactured and compared with chicken stock (CS) without apples. The sugar content of CSA showed a relatively higher sugar content than CS. The crude protein content of CSA was significantly higher than that of CS. Since the sugar content was high by adding apples, chicken stock was prepared by reducing the amounts of apples and adding tomatoes and lemons. The crude protein content of the chicken stock added with tomatoes and lemons (CSA-TL) increased by about 35% compared to the chicken stock added with tomatoes (CSA-T). Since the CSA-TL group had the highest protein elution, so nutritional content was compared with CS and commercial chicken stock (CCS) groups. Crude protein content of the CSA-TL group increased about 79% compared to the CS group and about 6.8 times compared to the CCS. The contents of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and various essential amino acids in the CSA-TL group increased compared to the CS group. The chicken stock developed in this study is expected to be used as a health-oriented product that can replace existing products.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2019

In this study, to characterize the application of CSA and dihydrate gypsum Utilizing industrial byproducts, we investigated the characteristics of CSA and dihydrate gypsum to investigate the characteristics of Mine Liner according to the addition amount. As a result of compressive strength, length change and absorption rate of mining lime wastewater according to CSA addition amount, up to 30% of CSA showed a positive effect on shrinkage and absorption reduction effect as well as strength at initial age. However, due to excessive use of CSA 50%, it was reduced by 15% compared to OPC due to increase of absorption rate and decrease of cement amount due to over expansion rather than shrinkage compensation and void filling.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.77-80
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• 1999

Before the field applications, several basic laboratory test were the characteristics of workability and strength of the concrete containing CSA expansive additive. As a result, high strength concrete using CSA expansive additive show similar workability and compressive to that of plain concrete, the optimum replacement ratio of them to plain concrete were obtained for CSA expansive additive 10%. On the other hand, it can be concluded that the use of CSA component is effective to prevent shrinkage crack reducing concrete using superplasticizer and to achive volume stability of concrete structure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2001

Polyaniline-Camphorsulfonic Acid Emeraldine Salt(PANI-CSA ES) was prepared by doping Polyaniline Ermeralidine Base(PANI EB) with DL-10-Camphorsulfonic Acid(CSA). PANI-CSA ES was solved in an organic solvent by ultrasonification for different periods of time and its surface resistivity was measured. Several PANI-CSA ES solutions solved in different organic solvents were prepared and their surface resistivities were measured. Thermal stability of film casted with PANI-CAS ES solution in m-cresol was estimated by measuring its surface conductivity and the content of this moisture and organic solvents. PANI-CSA ES was blended with different polymeric binders to improve its physical properties and the surface resistivities of several kinds of PANI-CSA ES blends were measured as a function of the content of PANI-CSA ES. PANI-CSA ES polymerized by 1-step oxidative polymerization was prepared and its surface resistivity was measured.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.407-412
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• 2018

In this study, we have made a cement based inorganic insulation material and added CSA (Hauyne Clinker) to reduce the demolding time and enhance the handling workability. CSA contents were varied by 0%, 1%, 3%, 5% and the atmospheric steam curing was tried for enhancing the compressive strength. As the CSA contents are increased to 5%, a rapid reaction of hydration caused the sinking of the slurry. So, the setting-retarder was added to control the reaction of hydration. By this, the sinking of the slurry was controlled but the height of the green body after expansions was a little bit lowered. In the CSA-added slurry, it was possible to demold within 24 hours and in case of CSA 5%-added, the sufficient workability was secured. Atmospheric steam curing (temperatures $-40{\sim}80^{\circ}C$, for 6~10 hrs.) was attempted to improve the compressive strength and found that an excellent strength of 0.25 MPa was achieved at $80^{\circ}C$ for 8 hrs. Specific gravity was about $0.12{\sim}0.13g/cm^3$ and heat conductivity was about 0.045 W/mK in all specimens. This strategy significantly improves the compressive strength of CSA 5%-added specimen up to 25% compared to without CSA added specimen.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.124-132
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• 2018

This research presents the results of an investigation on the characteristic of multi-component blended high fluidity mortars. The binder was blended ordinary Portland cement(OPC), ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBFS), calcium sulfoaluminate(CSA) and ultra rapid setting cement(URSC). The GGBFS was replaced by OPC from 30%(P7 series), 50%(P5 series) and 70%(P3 series), CSA and URSC was 10% or 20% mass. The superplasticizer of polycarboxylate type were used. A constant water-to-binder ratio(w/b)=0.35 was used for all mixtures. Test were conducted for mini slump, setting time, V-funnel, compressive strength and drying shrinkage. According to the experimental results, the contents of superplasticizer, V-funnel and compressive strength increases with an increase in CSA or URSC contents for all mixtures. Moreover, the setting time and drying shrinkage ratio decrease with and increase in CSA or URSC. CSA decreased dry shrinkage but URSC had less effect. However, the mixed binders of CSA and URSC had a large effect of reducing drying shrinkage by complementary effect. This is effective for improving the initial strength of URSC, and CSA is effective for the expansion and improvement of long-term strength.