• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.88-97
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the antitoxic effects of Pine Leaf extracts against cadmium toxicity. The experimental rats were divided into 5 groups, such as control group cadmium alone treatment group and simultaneous treatment groups of cadmium and three doses of Pine Leaf extracts. Each group was administered with different dose of Pine Leaf extracts such as 0.5 mg, 2.5 mg, 5.0 mg/kg wet weight in pallets for 12 weeks. Cadmium Chloride($CdCl_2$) was administered by 4 mg/kg body weight. The results were summarized as follows: The simultaneous administration of cadmium and Pine Leaf significantly more decreased cadmium concentration in liver tissues compared to the administration of cadmium only. When blood were measured, no significantly difference in haemoglobin, haematocrit, erythrocyte values compared to the administration of cadmium only, but RBC significantly more increased. The simultaneous administration of cadmium and Pine Leaf more no sigmificantly difference metallothionein concentration in liver than the administration of cadmium only. There were showed the histopathological slight changes in the liver and kidney tissues of rats.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.59-73
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• 1989

To investigate the effect of cadmium and cadmium binding protein on the electron transport system and conformational changes of rat kidney mitochondria, various cadmium concentration were treated in vitro and respiration rate, NADH-CoQ reductase activity were measured. Ultrastructural changes at state IV respiration were also observed. CdBP was isolated from the rat liver by Sephadex G-75 column fractionation and treated in vitro with cadmium. Also mitochondrial state IV respiration rate was measured. When cadmium was treated in vitro, state IV respiration and enzyme activity were decreased and ultrastructural transformation of mitochondria from a condensed to an orthodox conformation was inhibited under state IV respiration. In case cadmium and CdBP were treated together, oxygen consumption was more increased than cadmium only. Conformational changes of mitochondria from a condensed to orthodox conformation were also observed. This indicates that CdBP have a protective effect against cadmium toxicity.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the antitoxic effects of Radix Menispermi extracts against cadmium toxicity. The experimental rats were divided into 5 groups such as control group, cadmium alone treatment group and simultaneous treatment groups of cadmium and three doses of Radix Menispermi extracts. Each group was administered with different dose of Radix Menispermi extracts such as 0.55 mg, 1.10 mg, 1.65 mg/kg wet weight in pallets for 12 weeks. Cadmium Chloride $(CdCl_2)$ was administered by 4 mg/kg body weight. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The simultaneous administration of cadmium and Radix Menispermi significantly more decreased cadmium concentration in liver tissues compared to the administration of cadmium only (P < 0.05). 2. When blood were measured, no significantly difference in haemoglobin, haematocrit, erythrocyte values compared to the administration of cadmium only. 3. The simultaneous administration of cadmium and Radix Menispermi more increased metallothionein concentration in liver than the administration of cadmium only (P < 0.05). 4. There were the histopathological slight changes in the liver and kidney tissues of rats.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to investigate the vairous change in the toxicity of cadmium by the simultaneous administration of selenium and zinc, which have been reported to change -the toxicity of cadmium through the interaction with cadmium, to rat. For the experiment, 42 rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were used. The experimental groups were divided into 6 groups: a control group, a cadmium (100ppm) alone treatment group, a cadmium (100ppm) and zinc (100ppm) combined treatment group, and three cadmium (100ppm), zinc (100ppm) and selenium (1, 4, and 8ppm) combined treatment groups. The rats were allocated seven to each group and observed for seven weeks. The results of experiment are as follows: 1. The food consumptions of each group were reduced, compared with a control group, especially, in a cadmium and zinc combined treatment group and a cadmium $\cdot$ zinc and selenium(1ppm) combined treatment group to the significant level compared with a control group (p < 0.05). The water consumptions of each group were reduced to the very significant level compared with a control group (p < 0.01). The feed efficiencies of each group were lower than a control group, and among them the highest group was cadmium $\cdot$ zinc and selenium (8ppm) combined treatment group as 90% of a control group. 2. In all groups, the weight gains were highest in the second week and the total weight gains were reduced to the very significant level compared with a control group (p < 0.01). 3. In all groups, the relative weights of liver were reduced, compared with a control group, especially, a cadmium alone treatment group was reduced to the significant level (p < 0.05). The relative weight of kidney was high to the significant level in a cadmium alone treatment group (p < 0.05) compared with a control group. In all groups, the relative weights of testis were reduced, compared with a control group, but the levels were not significant. 4. The accumulation of cadmium was highest in the kidney and the order of height was in liver, testis and blood, respectively. In all groups, the amount of cadmium accumulation was high to the very significant level compared with a control group (p < 0.01). In liver, the amount of acdmium accumulation in. a cadmium alone treatment group was high to the significant level compared with a cadmium $\cdot$ zinc and selenium (8ppm) combined treatment group (p < 0.05), and in kidney, the amount of cadmium accumulation in a cadmium alone tretment group was high to the very significant level compared with the cadmium $\cdot$ zinc and selenium (4, 8ppm) combined treatment groups (p < 0.01). However, in testis, among the treatment groups the level was not significant and in blood, a cadmium alone treatment group was low to the significant level compared with the cadmium $\cdot$ zinc and selenium (4, 8ppm) combined treatment groups (p < 0.05). 5. According to the histopathological finding on the testis, some of the seminiferous tubules of a group treated with cadmium alone showed severe necrosis and atrophy. But the testis of cadmium $\cdot$ zinc and selenium (8ppm) combined treatment group was similar to that of a control group. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the repeated simultaneous oral administration of large doses of selenium with the cadmium produces the partial amelioration of cadmium toxicity, whereas zinc does not.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.461-471
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary protein and cysteine levels on cadmium toxicity in rats. Seventy-two male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighting 171$\pm$3g were blocked into 12 groups according to body weight, and were raised for 30 days. cadmium chloride was given at levels of 0 or 400ppm, protein at levels of 7, 15 and 40%, and cysteine was added(total dietary cysteine contents : 0.45%) to diet or not. The results are summarized as follow. Food intake, weight gain, food were lower than those of cadmium free group. But, these were increased with increasing dietary protein level and cysteine addition. Fecal cadmium excretion was remarkably increased in high protein (40%) groups. Thus, cadmium retention rates were decreased in high protein groups. Metallothionein concentrations in liver and kidney were increased in cysteine addition, and cadmium administration. Especially, these were remarkably increased in cadmium and cysteine added groups. Urinary calcium excretion was increased with cadmium administration, but urinary protein excretion and creatinine clearance were not changed in these animal. In conclusion, food intake, weight gain and organ weights were decreased with administration. Cadmium toxicity was alleviated by increasing fecal cadmium excretion, while cysteine addition increased metallothionein concentrations in liver and kidney. From these results, it was shown that cadmium toxicity was alliviated by synergistic effect of high protein level and cysteine addition.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.45-55
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• 1995

This study was carried out to elucidate the toxic mechanism of cadmium in peripheral nerve. An animal model of cadmium neuropathy was induced by feeding diet containing cadmium to Sprague- Dawley rat (or two weeks. Four weeks aged Sprague- Dawley rats were divided into four groups : normal control group, 10ppm- cadmium treated group, 100ppm- cadmium treated group, 1000ppm- cadmium treated group, reference drug- treated group. All rats were sacrificed at the end of two weeks for assessing the development of cadmium neuropathy, These results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. Cadmium reduced peripheral flow of both acetylcholinesterase and cholinesterase in rat sciatic nerve. 2. The toxic mechanism of cadmium might be the result of an reduction of myo-inositol concentration in peripheral nervous system 3. Reduction in myo-inositol content of peripheral nerve resulted from the inhibition of sodium- Potassium ATPase activity, which is responsible for myo-inositol transport, by cadmium 4. Oral administration of myo-inositol improved the flow of both acetylcholinesterase and cholinesterasenerve in cadmium intoxicated rat. These results suggest that mild cadmium neuropathy might be diagnosed by checking nervous myo-inositol content and oral administraion of myo-inositol might prevent the development of severe cadmium neuropathy with special reference to detective axonal transport.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.360-378
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• 1992

This study was performed to investigate effect of dietary protein and calcium levels on cad-mium intoxication in rats. Adult Sprague-Dawley male rate(245$\pm$21g) were blocked into 18 groups of 7 animals according to body weight Nine experimental diets different with protein(40%, 15%, 7%) and calcium (1.3%, 0.6%, 0.1%) levels were prepared. Nine groups of animals were fed each diet with 50ppm cadmium in drinking water and the other 9 groups without cadmium for 30days. Results were summarized as follows: 1) Body weight gain F. E. R(Food Efficiency Ratio) and weights of liver kidney and femur were higher in high protein groups among cadmium exposed groups. 2) Cadmium contents in liver and intestine were higher in rats fed high protein diet or low calcium diet among cadmium exposed groups. Fecal cadmium excretion was highest in high protein-high calcium diet group among cadmium exposed animals. Metallothionein contents in liver kidney and intestine were higher in animals exposed to cadmium and fed high protein diets. 3) Gel filtration chromatography of cytosolic solution showed that the higher dietary protein and calcium levels were the more cadmium was found in metallothionein fractions. 4) No gross histopathological change was seen in liver kidney and intestine of cadmium exposed rats. However a significant increase of smooth endoplasmic reticulum which was alleveated by high protein-high calcium diet was observed. Results obtained indicated that not only high protein diet but also high calcium diet showed preventive effect on cadmium intoxication by increasing the induction of metallothionein syn-thesis and decreasing the cadmium absorption.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2006

We have examined the bioaccumulation patterns and the ecophysiological responses (photosynthetic pigment and total antioxidative capacity) of Monochoria korsakowi exposed to various cadmium concentrations, one of major environmental pollutants. Cadmium ion contents in M. korsakowi increased significantly with higher cadmium concentration, and most of the accumulated cadmium was found in the root parts. Biomass of each part decreased with higher cadmium concentration. As cadmium treatment concentration was increased, chlorophyll a content was decreased, whereas chlorophyll b content was increased. However, the variations of total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were not evident. Total antioxidative capacity in the leaves of cadmium treated M. korsakowi increased greatly with higher cadmium concentration. We considered these results as indicative of the ability of M. Korsakowi plants to take up cadmium from wetlands.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.157-157
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• 2017

In last study, Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) was conducted for cadmium content of 295 rice varieties including 137 rice core set and 157 Korea breeding varieties collected from Kongju National University. The results showed that 9 varieties had SNP allele and amino acid substitution in exon of chromosome 1. This study was aim to understanding mechanism of cadmium uptake to confirm correlation of cadmium and other mineral nutrients (Cu, Mn, Fe) among 9 rice varieties. Nine varieties were planted on polluted soil of mine in Korea and cadmium content in root, stem, leaf and it's brown rice was analyzed by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass spectrometer, Agilent 7700E, US). Results of this study showed that mechanism for cadmium uptake and accumulation was diversity among varieties. Chin-nong and Ho-nong contained higher levels of cadmium in root, but contained relatively lower levels cadmium in brown rice than other varieties. Cheong-nam, Nam-pyeong, Gan-cheok, Suan absorbed high levels of cadmium through root and then accumulated high cadmium to brown rice. Meanwhile, Yeong-deok and Su-kwang absorbed lower cadmium in root, but high cadmium was accumulated in brown rice. Correlations between cadmium and other mineral nutrients (Cu, Mn, Fe) were analyzed by using SPSS statistics 20. The contents of iron in leaf had minus correlation (p<0.05) with cooper and cadmium in root, cadmium in brown rice. Therefore understanding of cadmium uptake mechanism among varieties will be used to basic data for further breeding and phytoremediation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.833-842
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• 1994

To elucidate the protective effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus-fermented milk against cadmium toxicity, the effects of administration of L acidophilus-fermented milk on hematological values and histopathological changes in cadmium-treated rats were investigated. The experimental rats were divided into 2 groups that were consisted of the one group administered with cadmium alone, and the other group administered with cadmium mixed with the fermented milk. Each group was orally administered with different doses of cadmium such as $1.7{\mu}g/g$ bw/day, $3.4{\mu}g/g$ bw/day, $6.8{\mu}g/g$ bw/day, and $13.6{\mu}g/g$ bw/day, respectively, for 1 to 8 weeks. Hematological values and enzyme activities, histopathological changes of kidney tissues were examined for the experimental groups. The values of RBC, WBC, and Hb in the groups administered with cadmium mixed with the fermented milk showed no significant differences to those of the groups administered with cadmium alone, but Hct showed significant reducing values. The activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in serum were significantly reduced than those of the groups administered with cadmium alone, at the low dose of cadmium treated groups. But alkaline phophatase(ALP) and lactate dehydorgenase(LDH) were significantly reduced at the high dose of cadmium treated groups. In histopathological study, a severe acute tubular necrosis of the convoluted tubules and distalation of tubules were showed in the groups administered with cadmium alone, but the kidney tissues of the groups administered with cadmium mixed with the fermented milk were similar to those of the normal group. In conclusion, the above results would suggest that L acidophilus-fermented milk has reducing effects on cadmium toxicity, at the low dose of cadmium administration.