• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.223-228
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• 1991

The callus of Canavalia lineata was induced from leaf tissues in MS medium supplemented with 10-5 M kinetin and 10-6 M IAA and was subcultured in Miller's medium supplemented with 10-5 M BAP and 10-6 M 2,4-D. When free amino acids of callus were analysed by HPLC, canavanine was not detected in the callus cultured either in the dark or light. But exogenously supplied canacanine was accumulated or consumned in the callus of Canavalia lineata.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.398-403
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• 1989

The root nodule of Canavalia lineta was classified as a determinate nodule and the symbiont as a Rhizobium-bacteriod based on their morphological characteristics. Isolated encosymbiont was similar both to R. leguminosarum and R. meliloti in its peritrichous arrangement of flagella and some of the physiological characteristics. Compared to control plants, Canavalia seedlings inoculated with the isolate grew normally due to induced root nodules, confirming isolate's infectivity and effectivity. Characteristics of the reisolated endosymbiont from induced root nodule were identical to those of the first isolate, indicating the nodules were induced by the first isolate. From these results, it was confirmed that Rhizobium strain isolated from the root nodules of Canavalia lineata was a real symbiont, and was named Rhizobium sp. SNU003.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 1990

Subcellular distribution of arginase activity was measured in leaves of Canavalia lineata. Both mitochondrial and cytosolic fraction were found to contain the arginase activity. It was noticible that cytosolic fraction contained a substantial amount of arginase activity. Different mobility of arginase from these two fractions was showed on DEAE-Sephacel chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Also different pI value was showed 6.3 in cytosolic and 6.7, 7.1 in mitochondiral fraction on IEF gel electrophoresis. However, canavaine-dependent-activity (CDA) of arginase in these two fractions were not different. These results indicate that heterogenity of arginase occurs in leaves of C. lineata.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 1995

The constituents and proportions of non-protein free amino acids including canavanine were measured in roots and leaves of legumes, Robinia pseudo-acacia L., Wistaria floribunda L., and Canavalia lineata L. by using high performance liquid chromatography during dormant and fertilizing seasons. in all the three plant species, asparagine was the most abundant amino acid occurring 30％ of total free amino acids, and canavanine was the second most abundant amino acid contributing 10％ of total free amino acids throughout dormant and fertilizing seasons. In dormant season, roots contained 2 to 3 folds of free amino acids including canavanine and asparagine compared to those in fertilizing season. When proportions of asparagine and canavanine to total gree amino acids in various parts of C. lineata were examined in fertilizinng season, the level of asparagine was the highest in roots while that of canavanine was in seeds. On the basis of these results, it is assumed that canavanine appears and functions as a nitrogen-storing compound in roots and leaves throughout the whole life cycle of the investigated plants.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.4 s.48
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• pp.485-489
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• 2004

Melanin pigmentation in human skin is a major defensive mechanism against ultraviolet light of the sun. Tyrosinase plays a key role in the biosynthesis of melanin. This is why many researches have been focused on regulations in controlling the epidermal melanization. We found that extract of Canavalia lineata inhibits mushroom tyrosinase activity, dopa oxidase activity, and melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. To elucidate mRNA level reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was used. It was revealed that A subfraction of $CHCI_3$ extract of Canavalia lineara reduced the tyrosinase mRNA expression of B16F10 melanoma cells by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.4 s.139
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• pp.338-345
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• 2004

Scavenging effects of DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical, inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation, inhibition of NO synthesis and iNOS expression were tested with extracts and chromatographic subfractions of Canavalia lineata obtained at Jeju island. Chloroform extract and its subfractions gave moderate effects on scavenging DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical, They also inhibited linoleic acid oxidation, and NO synthesis. Inhibition of NO synthesis resulted from the repression of iNOS gene expression. Ethyl acetate extract and its subfractions showed excellent effects on scavenging DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical, while they were cytotoxic.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 1991

Total soluble proteins from three developmental stages of induced root nodules of Canavalia lineata were compared with those of non-nodulated roots by SDS-PAGE and two dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. Thirteen nodule-specific protein (nodulin) bands were identified by the former and 30 nodule specific protein spots were detected by the latter method respectively. Some of the nodulins were detected differentially depending on the nodule's developmental stages. For example, only three leghemoglobin (Lb)-like protein spots appeared at stage I (d<2 mm), but two additional Lb-like protein spots appeared at stage II (d <4-5 mm). pI value and molecular weight of nomomers of Lb-like protein were narrower and greater than those of soybean, ranging from 4.4 to 5.0 and 15.7 kd respectively. Northern blot hybridization of total RNAs from roots and root nodules using soybean Lb cDNA as a probe made it clear that Lb gene was expressed tissue-specifically only in the root nodules.odules.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.381-388
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• 1995

Four cONA clones expressed in late root nodules of Canavalia lineata were isolated by differential screening using total RNA from uninfected roots, Clb1 and uricase II cONAs as competitors and named Cnod1, Cne2, Cne3 and Clb2, respectively. Cnod1, hybridized to 1450 nt mRNA, was highly homologous to cysteine proteinase gene from rice and showed nodule-specific expression, especially in late nodules. Cne2, hybrdized to 900 nt mRNA, was moderately homologous to Expressed Sequence Tag of rice and expressed mainly in root nodules. Its expression was increased at 13 OAI and subsequently remained at the same level. Cne3, hybridized to 1700 nt and 1400 ot mRNAs, was highly homologous to tonoplast membrane intrinsic protein TRG31 gene from pea and was expressed strongly in roots and nodules, but weakly in leaves. Temporal expression pattern of Cne3 was coincided with the life cycle of root nodules. Clb2, hybridized to 800 nt mRNA, was expressed from 8 OAI, amplified at 13 DAI and remained steady thereafter.eafter.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.451-457
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• 1995

Four carboxypeptidases, CP1, CP2, CP3, and CP4 were isolated from the cotyledons of germinating seedlings of Canavalia lineata by sequential chromatography on the following four columns: 1) CM-cellulose, 2) Sephacryl 5-300, 3) Procion red dye, and 4) Sephacryl S-200. A number of properties of the enzymes, such as substrate specificity, molecular weight, optimum pH, thermal stability, have been determined. Enzyme activities were measured using the Cbz(carbobenzoxy)-dipeptides containing phenylalanine at the penultimate position. The $K_m$ values of four carboxypeptidases for Cbz-Phe-Ala were 0.50, 0.65, 1.30, and 1.35 mM, respectively. The inhibition studies indicated that the four carboxypeptidases were all serine type. Each of the carboxypeptidases with molecular weights of 145, 114, 105, and 104 kDa, respectively, had the optimum enzyme activity at pH 5.0~6.0. And they were sensitive to high temperature.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.246-250
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• 1998

The cytotoxic activity of methanol extracts of 25 leguminous seeds in vitro was evaluated by sulforhodamine B assay, using the five human solid A549 lung, SK-OV-2 ovarian, SK-MEL-2 melanoma, XF-498 CNS and HCT-15 colon tumor cell lines. The responses varied with both cell line arid leguminous seed used. Extracts of Canavalia lineata and Glycine soja revealed potent cytotoxic activity against A549 arid SK-MEL-2 cell lines. Moderate activity was observed in the extracts of Cassia obtusifolia and Glyeine max var. chungtae, and C. lineata and Vigna angulasis against SK-MEL-2 and HCT-15 cell lines, respectively. The other seed extracts were ineffective against model tumor cell lines. Because of their potent cytotoxic activities, the activity of each solvent fraction from C. lineata and G. soja was determined and the potent activity was produced from their chloroform fractions. As a naturally occurring therapeutic agent, leguminous seeds described could be useful for developing new types of anti-tumor agents.