• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2008

We have evaluated the combined antifungal effects of the essential oil from Eucalyptus globulus or its main component 1,8-cineole with ketoconazole. Checkerboard microtiter tests were used to analyze their effects against three Candida and six Trichophyton species. The susceptibility of the Trichophyton species to E. globulus essential oil differed distinctly. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) against the tested Candida species ranged between 0.09 and 0.38 for ketoconazole combined with E. globulus essential oil or 1,8-cineole, indicating significant synergism between ketoconazole and the oil samples. Similar experiments using Trichophyton species resulted in FICIs between 0.28 and 0.63, indicating relatively weaker combined effects than those observed with Candida species. Thus, the data reported here show that the anti-Candida effects of ketoconazole can be significantly improved in the presence of E. globulus essential oil or 1, 8-cineole.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2014

With the continuing demand for new solutions in the development of effective and safe candidiasis therapies, we investigated the efficacy of an antifungal agent from the marine brown alga Eisenia bicyclis. The methanolic extract of E. bicyclis evinced potential antifungal activity against Candida species. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble extract from E. bicyclis demonstrated the strongest antifungal activity against Candida species among five solvent-soluble extracts. Indeed, the EtOAc-soluble extract showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 4 to 8 mg/mL. Furthermore, the EtOAc-soluble extract considerably reversed high-level fluconazole resistance of Candida species. The MIC values of fluconazole against Candida species decreased substantially (from 64 to $4{\mu}g/mL$) in combination with the MIC of the EtOAc-soluble extract (4 mg/mL). The fractional inhibitory concentration indices of fluconazole ranged from 0.531 to 0.625 in combination with 4, 2, or 1 mg/mL of the EtOAc-soluble extract against Candida isolates, indicating that these combinations exert a marked synergistic effect against Candida isolates. These findings imply that compounds derived from E. bicyclis can be a potential source of natural antifungal agents against Candida species.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.483-486
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• 1994

A series of 6-[N-(halophenyl)amino]-7-chloro-5, 8-quinolinedione derivatives 1-10 were tested for antifungal susceptibilities, in vitro, aginst pathogenic Candida species such as C. ablbicans, C glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. The MICs were determined by the standard macrodilution techniques, according to the NCCLS 1992 guidelines. The 6-[N-(halo-standard macrodilution techniques, according to the NCCLS 1992 gidelines. The 6-[N-(halo-phenyl)amino]-7-chloro-5, 8-quinolinedione derivatives showed generally potent antifungal activities against pathogenic Candida species. Among them, derivative 1, 2, 5, and 7 showed more potent antifungal activities than kietoconazole. All derivatives 1-10 had specially potent activities against C. torpicalis. Derivative 1 and 2 containing 9N-3, 4-dihalo-phenyl)amino moiety exhibited the potent antifugal activities. Derivative 2 with (3, 4-dichlorophenyl)amino substitutent was the most effetive in preventing the growth of Candida species at MICs 4.mu.g/ml respectively.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 1993

Yeast strains were isolated from healthy women(36 isolates), infertile women(15 isolates) and women suffering from local morbidity(82 isolates). On the basis of 37 different physiological and morphological characteristics, the isolated 133 yeast strains were assigned to 10 species belonging to 5 genera. Four pathogenic species were identified. They were Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis and Trichosporon beigelii. Candida albicans was the dominant species, whereas Saccharomyces cerevisiae prevailed among the saprophytic species. The percentage occurrence as well as the pattern of yeast species differed in the diagnostic groups. It was higher in the women suffering from local morbidity than in the healthy and infertile women. Moreover, a wider spectrum of species was isolated from this group. Women with intrauterine contraceptive devices showed the highest percentage of yeast occurrence which reached 50% of those tested. Five different antifungal agents were tested fro their effects on the growth of the isolated yeast species in vitro. Nystatin was the most effective against the isolated yeast species, followed by pyrithion zink and ciclopiroxolamine, whereas micronazole and clotrimazole, showed a lesser effect.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.671-674
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• 1973

From September to November 1967, Isolation of Candida species from oral cabity was attempted with 270 cases who made visit at outpatient Oral Surgery Department at Soo Do Military Hospital. 1. Out of 270, yeast like organisms were isolated in 108 cases. 2. Among these yeast like organism, 87 proved to be candida species and 21 to be undetermined group. 3. Eighty seven Candida species are consisted of 26 of C. albicans, 31 of C. krusei, 6 of C. Stellatoidea, 9 of C. tropicalis, 4 of C. guilliermondii, 6 of C. parapsilosis. and 5 of C. Pseudotropicalis.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.376-383
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• 2006

솔잎착즙액(PNE)은 엽록소 함유량(40.8 mg/100 g)이 높고 비타민 C도 다량함유(149 mg/100 g)하고 있어 기능성 식품으로 개발가능성이 높으며, 솔잎 발효액은 향미가 좋아지고 기능성이 높아져서 고부가가치가 크므로 발효의 조건과 활성도를 조사 분석하여 고기능성 솔잎발효액(SFPE)을 개발하고자 하였다. 솔잎자체발효(SFPE)에 관여하는 균을 발효단계에 따라 분리, 선발하고 동정하였다. GPYA배지에서 발효균을 스크린하여 Pichia galeiformis, Candida boidinii, Pichia species, Candida species1, Candida species2, Candida ooidensis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida karawaiewii를 선발하였으며, 발효가 진행됨에 따라 2년차에는 Candida boidinii, Candida species2, Candida ooidensis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae가 선발되었고, 3년차에는 Candida species1&2가 선발되어 Candida species2가 우점종으로 나타났다. 그러나 발효 4년차에는 어떤 균도 선발되지 않았다. Candida species2는 Candida ernobii와 99.65%의 homology를 보였다. E. coli, Bacillus subtilis와 Staphylococcus aureus에 대해서 SFPE를 농도별로 처리하였을 때 높은 항균활성을 확인하였다. SFPE 1, 4, 7의 항산화 활성은 $0.025{\mu}{\ell}/ml$의 농도로 처리하였을 경우 SFPE 1, 4, 7이 약 34.8%의 NBT scavenging의 활성을 보여주었고, $0.2{\mu}{\ell}/ml{\sim}0.3{\mu}{\ell}/ml$의 농도에서는 SFPE 1, 4, 7이 약 90%에 달하는 NBT scavenging 의 활성능력을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 전기생리학적 실험을 통하여 솔잎발효액이 쥐의 혈관수축 이완에 미치는 효과를 분석한 결과 Phenylephrine(PE)($10^6M$)으로 유발된 수축반응에 대해 SFPE를 0.15 mg/ml과 0.3 mg/ml을 첨가하였을 때 혈관이 다시 이완되었으며, ATP 민감성 $K^+$ 채널 억제제인 glibenclamide($10^5M$)을 처리하였을 때 SFPE 7 효과가 나타나지 않은 것으로 보아 SFPE의 혈관 이완작용이 세포막 ATP-민감성 $K^+$ 통로를 활성화시켜 이루어짐을 확인하였다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1993

This study was done to elucidate the electron microscopic characteristics of certain pathogenic fungi. Four Candida species, (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis and C. glabrate) and Cryptococcus neoformans were cultured for 3 days at $30^{\circ}C$ in the Sabouraud dextrose medium. After incubation, they were stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 24hours. Fine structures were analyzed by morphometry, and Tukey's HSD test was used for statistics. On scanning electron microscopy C. albicans and C. neoformans were similar in size but different in shape, showing sphero-shape or ovalo-shape in C. neoformans. Surface of C. neoformans was coarse and spiny, but Candida species examined were uniformly smooth. In size, C. glabrata was the smallest among them. Budding scar as seen on the surface of Candida species by the number ranging from 1 to 7. Cryptococcus neoformans showed one or two budding scar. On transmission electron microscopy the cytoplasm of most yeast cells showed plentiful glycogen particles, mitochondria, peroxisomes and vacuoles. However, cell walls were different among four Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans. The cell wall of Candida species consisted of fibrous layer, that was electron dense layer and transparent layer, in contrast to Cryptococcus neoformans consisted of electron dense layer with lamellar structure. This layer was two times thicker than that of Candida species. The outer layer of cell wall was of radiating pattern.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.146-150
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• 2002

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the identification of two Candida species-albicans and dubliniensis. Three sets of primers were selected from different genomic sequences to specifically amplify a 516 bp fragment within the tops gene, specific for several species of the genus Candida (CCL primers); a 239 bp fragment within the $\alpha$INT1 gene, specific for Candida albicans (CAL primers); and a 175 bp fragment within the ALSD1 gene, specific for Candida dubliniensis (CDL primers). Using the primers in conjunction (multiplex PCR), we were able to detect both C. albicans and C. dubliniensis and to differentiate between them. The detection limit of the PCR assay was approximately 10 cells per milliliter of saline. Thus, this multiplex PCR assay can be applied for differentiation of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis from clinical specimens.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.90-94
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• 1988

본 연구는 효모를 동정하는 방법으로서 각 효모의 단백질 조성 차이와 이들 단백질의 면역학적 특성에 의한 새로운 동정법을 개발하고자 하였다. S. cerevisiae, C. utilis, C. tropicalis, K. fragilis 의 4가지 효모를 배양하여 세포를 파괴시킨 다음 가용성 단백질과 막 단백질을 분리 추출하였다. 4종 효모의 가용성 단백질과 막 단백질의 조성은 SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis를 실시 비교하였다. S. cerevisiae와 C. utilis 는 전기영동 pattern상 유사하였고 이들은 쉽게 C. tropicalis, K. fragilis 로부터 구별이 가능하였다. 또한 4종 효모의 가용성 단백질과 막 단백질을 토끼에게 주사하여 각각에 대응하는 항체를 만든 후 Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion을 실시하여 형성된 precipitin line에 의한 효모의 동정을 수행하였다. 면역학적으로도 S. cerevisiae와 C. utillis의 유사성이 증명되었고 이들은 C. tropicalis, K. fragilis 와 상이함이 관찰되었다.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.344-349
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify wild yeasts from soil of Gyeongju city, and Haemadipsa rjukjuana of Gageodo Island, characterizing unrecorded yeast strains from Korea. The molecular analysis of the D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA of yeast was performed using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). No official report exists describing these three species: one species in the genus Candida, one species in the genus Debaryomyces, and one species in the genus Solicoccozyma. Candida saitoana YL9, Debaryomyces fabryi YL1, and Solicoccozyma terrea 20g9-1 are recorded for the first time from Korea. All three strains were oval shaped and polar binding, while positive for glucose, ᴅ-xylose, and ᴅ-cellobiose. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties are described in the species descriptions.