• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.155-156
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• 2023

This study aims to analyze the factors that cause differences in the evaluation results of the life cycle carbon emissions assessment of buildings in both Korea and China as part of the methodology research of building life cycle assessment for Chinese buildings to promote building life cycle assessment in China. Specifically, it examines the building LCA standards of Korea and the standard for building carbon emission calculation in China as mentioned in the green building certification systems of both countries. Based on the investigation of the two standards, the life cycle carbon emissions of the evaluation target building were evaluated using the building life cycle assessment methods of both countries, and the influencing factors that cause differences in the life cycle carbon emission assessment results of the two countries were analyzed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.773-781
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• 2002

The natural carbon cycle has been perturbed since the mid-19th century by anthropogenic CO$_2$emissions from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation due to population growth and industrialization. The current study simulated the global carbon cycle for the past 42 years using an eight-box carbon cycle model. The results showed that since the terrestrial biospheric carbon sink was roughly offset by the deforestation source, the fossil fuel emission source was partitioned between the atmospheric and oceanic sinks. However, the partitioning ratio between the atmosphere and the ocean exhibited a change, that is, the carbon accumulation rate was faster in the atmosphere than in the ocean, due to a decrease in the so-called ocean buffering capacity. It was found that the ocean buffering capacity to take up excess CO$_2$decreased by 50% in terms of the buffer factor over the past 42 years. Accordingly, these results indicate that if the current CO$_2$emission trend continues, the future rate of increase in the atmospheric CO$_2$concentration will accelerate.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.237-251
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• 2020

인류가 직면한 지구온난화와 같은 기후 변화에 대한 이슈는 우리의 삶에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 매우 중요한 문제로 이를 극복하기 위해서는 탄소 순환에 대한 통합적 이해를 바탕으로 대기 중 이산화탄소 등의 온실기체 방출량 감축이 필수적이다. 이 연구의 목적은 탄소 순환 교육에 대한 국내외 연구동향을 분석하여, 미래 시민으로 성장할 학생들을 위한 탄소 순환 교육의 가치와 방향을 제시하는데 있다. 이를 위해 '탄소 순환 교육'과 관련하여 국내외 다양한 학술연구 데이터베이스 (RISS, KCI, Google 학술검색, ERIC 등)에서 수집된 52편의 연구들을 대상으로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 탄소 순환 교육을 위해 많은 연구들이 다양한 형태로 이루어져 왔으나, 개발된 프로그램의 낮은 활용 가능성과 검증의 필요성, 정밀하고 일괄적인 학생인식과 수준 조사 도구 개발의 필요성, 교수·학습 모형과 교사를 대상으로 한 관련 연구의 필요성, 교사의 탄소 순환 교육을 위한 자료의 필요성, 그리고 다양한 주제와 소재의 활용이 필요한 것으로 확인되었다. 지구온난화를 포함한 지구 환경 변화에 능동적으로 대처하기 위해서는 학생들의 탄소 순환에 대한 통합적인 이해가 중요하다. 이러한 학습 기회를 지원하기 위해 기존에 개발된 프로그램의 검증을 바탕으로 교육 현장에서 활용할 수 있도록 제공하고, 학생들의 탄소 순환에 대한 이해 수준을 높이고 오개념을 개선할 수 있도록 생활속에서 적용할 수 있는 실질적인 형태의 내용을 교육과정에 포함할 필요가 있다. 또한 교사의 전문성 향상을 위해 다양한 소재와 주제를 포함하는 탄소 순환 교육 사례에 대해 교사 연수를 통해 제공되어야 할 것이다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2014

Global warming has become a major issue all over the world. Noting the carbon dioxide emissions as a main contributor to global warming, we studied on the methods to reduce the life cycle building carbon emissions. Green Building Certification Criteria(GBCC) has been implemented since 2002 in Korea, but it doesn't estimate the quantities of the $CO_2$ emissions. Therefore, we studied the ways to implement the $CO_2$ emissions in quantity to GBCC. We select a government building which was rated excellent by the GBCC. This office building was regarded to excellent building by GBCC but not good for energy consumption. It was found energy glutton buildings for research by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security in 2010. This part of GBCC is need to be improved.. Also LCA (Life Cycle assessment) was carried out to estimate on carbon footprint on this office building. So we need to implementing quantitative evaluation on the amount of carbon emissions by GBCC. And it is possible to implementing quantitative evaluation on the amount of carbon emissions. Through this study, we expect that quantitative assessment of life cycle carbon emissions of buildings by the GBCC. Also expect to reduce the carbon emissions of the building by improving the GBCC.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.333-343
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• 2017

Across the world, building energy codes are becoming stricter, demanding higher levels of energy performance with each issuance. Some locations have taken initiatives to eliminate operational emissions altogether by requiring buildings to be carbon neutral. However, while the objectives of carbon neutrality are without doubt statement worthy, we believe that once operational performance has been tackled to a reasonable level of performance the sights should be trained on a different objective-life; cycle carbon. This paper defines what we mean by life cycle carbon neutrality and presents an approach toward reducing it.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.157-169
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 고등학생들의 지구시스템적 관점에 기반한 탄소 순환 개념을 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위한 연구 대상자로 고등학교 학생들 중 지구과학I 교과를 이수한 학생으로 본 연구에 참여 의사를 밝힌 7명의 학생들을 선정하여 지구시스템적 관점에 기반한 탄소 순환 개념을 분석하였다. 탄소 순환 개념 분석을 위해 학생들에게 탄소 순환과 관련된 단어 연상, 인과 지도 그리기, 그림 그리기를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 학생들의 탄소 순환 관련 연상된 개념은 7명 중 5명이 3개 이하로 나타났다. 두 번째, 학생들의 탄소 순환 관련 상태 변화와 과정의 개념은 상태 변화 2개, 과정 8개로 나타났다. 세 번째, 학생들의 탄소 순환 관련 연결 고리는 2명의 학생이 2개, 3명의 학생이 1개의 연결 고리를 나타내었고, 2명의 학생은 연결 고리를 나타내지 못하였다. 네 번째, 그림 그리기를 통해서 본 탄소 순환 관련 개념은 1명의 학생이 9개, 3명의 학생이 7개, 나머지 학생들은 각각 5개, 4개, 3개의 개념을 그림으로 표현하였다. 이는 연구 대상 7명의 학생 중 1명은 시스템 사고를 잘 수행하고 있으며, 6명은 탄소 순환에 대한 적은 개념과 연결 고리로 시스템 사고가 미흡함을 보여준다. 학생들에게 지구 시스템과 연결된 지식이나 시스템 사고를 향상시키기 위해서는 고등학교 교육과정의 다양한 교육프로그램이 개발되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2018

Background: For various reasons such as agricultural and economical purposes, land-use changes are rapidly increasing not only in Korea but also in the world, leading to shifts in the characteristics of local carbon cycle. Therefore, in order to understand the large-scale ecosystem carbon cycle, it is necessary first to understand vegetation on this local scale. As a result, it is essential to comprehend change of the carbon balance attributed by the land-use changes. In this study, we attempt to understand accumulated soil carbon (ASC) and soil respiration (Rs) related to carbon cycle in two ecosystems, artificially turned forest into pastureland from forest and a native deciduous temperate forest, resulted from different land-use in the same area. Results: Rs were shown typical seasonal changes in the alpine pastureland (AP) and temperate deciduous forest (TDF). The annual average Rs was $160.5mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ in the AP, but it was $405.1mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ in the TDF, indicating that the Rs in the AP was lower about 54% than that in the TDF. Also, ASC in the AP was $124.49Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$ from litter layer to 30-cm soil depth. The ASC was about $88.9Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$, and it was 71.5% of that of the AP. The temperature factors in the AP was high about $4^{\circ}C$ on average compared to the TDF. In AP, it was observed high amount of sunlight entering near the soil surface which is related to high soil temperature is due to low canopy structure. This tendency is due to the smaller emission of organic carbon that is accumulated in the soil, which means a higher ASC in the AP compared to the TDF. Conclusions: The artificial transformation of natural ecosystems into different ecosystems is proceeding widely in the world as well as Korea. The change in land-use type is caused to make the different characteristics of carbon cycle and storage in same region. For evaluating and predicting the carbon cycle in the vegetation modified by the human activity, it is necessary to understand the carbon cycle and storage characteristics of natural ecosystems and converted ecosystems. In this study, we studied the characteristics of ecosystem carbon cycle using different forms in the same region. The land-use changes from a TDF to AP leads to changes in dominant vegetation. Removal of canopy increased light and temperature conditions and slightly decreased SMC during the growing season. Also, land-use change led to an increase of ASC and decrease of Rs in AP. In terms of ecosystem carbon sequestration, AP showed a greater amount of carbon stored in the soil due to sustained supply of above-ground liters and lower degradation rate (soil respiration) than TDF in the high mountains. This shows that TDF and AP do not have much difference in terms of storage and circulation of carbon because the amount of carbon in the forest biomass is stored in the soil in the AP.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.47-48
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• 2022

In Korea, construction and development has been continued rapidly since the 1970s, and the reconstruction and renovation market has recently been activated to improve old buildings. Most of the environmental evaluation of reconstruction and renovation projects is focused on the use of operating energy, and It is necessary to analyze carbon emissions throughout the life cycle for a comprehensive evaluation of reconstruction and remodeling projects. Therefore, this study quantitatively predicted carbon emissions from reconstruction and renovation based on ISO 14040s through case analysis for the purpose of evaluating the carbon emissions of renovated buildings from the perspective of the whole life cycle. In additional, the amount of carbon savings of each was analyzed through comparison with existing building.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.42-45
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• 2019

용융탄산염 연료전지는 폐열의 온도가 높아 하부 사이클을 구성하여 효율을 높일 수 있다. 이러한 목적으로 연료를 재순환하는 용융탄산염 연료전지에 하부 사이클로 증기 터빈 사이클을 적용한 선행 연구가 있었다. 본 연구는 하부 사이클을 증기 터빈 사이클에서 초임계 이산화탄소 사이클로 대체하는 것을 고려하였다. 그리고 출력을 비교하여 하부 사이클을 대체하는 것에 대한 검토를 하였다. 그 결과 현재 개발 단계의 초임계 이산화탄소 사이클의 출력은 증기 터빈 사이클보다 낮지만, 이론적으로 증기 터빈 사이클보다 출력이 더 커질 수 있음을 확인하였다. 만약 초임계 이산화탄소 사이클이 터빈의 등엔트로피 효율을 89%, 압축기의 등엔트로피 효율을 83%, 복열기의 유용도를 0.9의 수준으로 향상 시킨다면 증기 터빈 사이클과 동등한 출력을 낼 수 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.1169-1178
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• 2018

Two man-made carbon emissions, fossil fuel emissions and land use emissions, have been perturbing naturally occurring global carbon cycle. These emitted carbons will eventually be deposited into the atmosphere, the terrestrial biosphere, the soil, and the ocean. In this study, Simple Global Carbon Model (SGCM) was used to simulate global carbon cycle and to estimate global carbon budget. For the model input, fossil fuel emissions and land use emissions were taken from the literature. Unlike fossil fuel use, land use emissions were highly uncertain. Therefore land use emission inputs were adjusted within an uncertainty range suggested in the literature. Simulated atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations were well fitted to observations with a standard error of 0.06 ppm. Moreover, simulated carbon budgets in the ocean and terrestrial biosphere were shown to be reasonable compared to the literature values, which have considerable uncertainties. Simulation results show that with increasing fossil fuel emissions, the ratios of carbon partitioning to the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere have increased from 42% and 24% in the year 1958 to 50% and 30% in the year 2016 respectively, while that to the ocean has decreased from 34% in the year 1958 to 20% in the year 2016. This finding indicates that if the current emission trend continues, the atmospheric carbon partitioning ratio might be continuously increasing and thereby the atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations might be increasing much faster. Among the total emissions of 399 gigatons of carbon (GtC) from fossil fuel use and land use during the simulation period (between 1960 and 2016), 189 GtC were reallocated to the atmosphere (47%), 107 GtC to the terrestrial biosphere (27%), and 103GtC to the ocean (26%). The net terrestrial biospheric carbon accumulation (terrestrial biospheric allocations minus land use emissions) showed positive 46 GtC. In other words, the terrestrial biosphere has been accumulating carbon, although land use emission has been depleting carbon in the terrestrial biosphere.