• 전기의세계
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 1974

The electrical cardiac pacemaker model described in this paper simulates the most important functional properies of cardiac pacemaker cells. It is a minimum-parameter model which has a simple relaxation oscillator circuit as its main element. The electrical cardiac pacemaker model is analyzed in detail in order to show that its characteristic is similar to that of cardiac pacemaker cells. The main feature of the model is the possibility of controlling the time course phase 4 depolarization, the threshold level and the maximum level of repolarization, the rate of cardiac pacemaker. Emphasis is placed on phenomena of acceleration and frequency entrainment. This particular pacemaker model is very useful for the study of interactions between cardiac pacemakers and the description of the mechanism of arrhythmias.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.191-194
• /
• 1987

Exposure of the cardiac pacemaker is still a difficult problem associated with high morbidity. Grossly infected pacemaker systems had been required removal and insertion of a new system. It would highly desirable to develop a new method that could salvage an exposed well functioning unit because cardiac pacemaker is very expensive. We have experienced one patient with exposed well functioning cardiac pacemaker, which was relocated to contralateral subpectoral pocket and healed without complication. This relocation of the pacemaker to subpectoral pocket is less simple, expensive and should be considered as an alternative to complete replacement of unit.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.219-225
• /
• 1977

Pacemaker therapy has been established as a routine procedure in a variety of disturbances of :cardiac rhythm. Cardiac pacing has greatly reduced the mortality rate in patients suffering from bradyarrhythmias complicated by Stokes-Adams attacks. However, in spite of the simplicity of the treatment and reliability of the devices available today, patients and physicians alike are invovled in a multitde of pacemaker specific problems. Clinical experience with permanent transvenous pacing during a 3 year period is presented. A total of 20 pacemaker operations were performed in 13 patients. The complications in our 20 pacemaker operations were headed by skin ulceration of 3 generator pockets and early dislocation of 3 electrodes. In an additional 2 patient, stimulation of diaphragm due to a position of electrode in the coronary sinus was noticed in one and battery failure of pulse generator was detected in the other. Literatures were reviewed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.125-128
• /
• 1984

The management of the exposed cardiac pacemaker or its lead is a new challenge to the plastic surgeon. This complication is not rare. Coburn et al. [1972] reported less than 5 percent, but Sowton et al. [1974] showed that over a period of 19 years, in a series of 372 patients, the pacing system had to be removed because of local wound breakdown or infection in 10 percent of the cases. The methods used to treat exposure may vary from removal and re-introduction at anterior site to the rotation of local flaps to cover the exposed pacemaker. Recently we have experienced 6 times of migration and recurrent skin ulcerations without pyogenic infection overlying the pacemaker in one patient. We developed a new technique, anchoring the pacemaker to the clavicle by a wire through the hole of clavicle and by creating a pocket under the pectoralis major muscle. Then we would like to emphasize this operating method could be choice of treatment to prevent the migration of pacemaker and the ulceration of skin when complication of implantation of pacemaker is occurred.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.168-174
• /
• 1981

Since cardiac pacemaker was first totally implanted by Chardack, Gage and Greatbatch [1966], the electrical circuity of the cardiac pacemaker has been improved, modified, and refined. The problem of transvenous electrodes, however, is still remained; this may be due to electrode displacement, exit and/or entrance block, lead fracture and insulation defects. In permanent cardiac pacing, Irreversible loss of function of the transvenous electrode catheter eventually requires insertion of new lead. Authors now report one case that disclosed easy displacement of electrode tip in early phase of implantation and then two years and five months later, malfunctioning electrode could not be withdrawn from the cardiovascular system because it has become firmly enclosed by fibrous tissue along its course from the vein tract to the right ventricle. Under such circumstances, the electrode catheter tip was left in tricuspid annulus after being sutured at its entrance and burying the loop of lead in generator pocket. New other one electrode was then reimplantation through left external jugular vein.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.190-198
• /
• 1983

The management of cardiac arrhythmias by cardiac pacing has increased greatly since the treatment of complete heart block with an external transcutaneous pacemaker in 1952, followed by the use of myocardial wires connected to an external pulse generation, by external transvenous pacing, and then by transvenous pacing with implantable components in thoracic wall.By now, the three bases of modern cardiac pacing for bradyarrhythmias had been established [1] an implantable device [2] the transvenous approach [3] the ability of the pacemaker to sense cardiac activity and modify its own function accordingly. In transvenous implantation of a pacemaker, any one of four vessels at the root of the neck is suitable for passage of the electrode - cephalic vein, external jugular vein, internal jugular vein, costo-axillary branch of the axillary vein. The new technique of direct puncture of the subclavian vein, either percutaneously or after skin incision only has been made, is invaluable & is used routinely. We have experienced one 25 years old patient who had rheumatic mitral stenosis & minimum aortic regurgitation with sinus bradycardia associated with premature atrial tachycardia & another 54 years old female patient who was suffered from sick sinus syndrome with sinus bradycardia & sinus arrest. The 1st patient was taken open mitral commissurotomy & aortic valvuloplasty and then was taken atrlal pace-maker implantation through If subclavian puncture method in post-op 14 days, and the second patient was taken atrial pacemaker implantation through If subclavian puncture method. Their postop course was in uneventful & were discharged, without complication. Their condition have been good to now.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.46-50
• /
• 2000

A 70 years old female patient with thyroid cancer received palliative radiation therapy for neck swelling and hemoptysis. She had a cardiac pacemaker under her chest due to complete AV block since 8 years ago. We present clinical detail and review previously reported articles.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2017

In the analyzed cardiac CT algorithm applied when comparing the MAR self-made metal artifact reduction in pacemaker inserted phantom degree. Result of comparing the energy value by CT showed a decrease in the CT value in the case of BKG 40 KeV in WSA maximum decreased to 663.2% in the case of 140 KeV BHA were increased a maximum of 56.2%. In addition, the maximum was decreased by approximately 145% based on a 70 KeV artifacts in CT value comparison by type WSA, BHA was to increase up to approximately 46.38%. MAR Algorithm is believed to provide a more quality cardiac CT image if the energy changes, or have the effect that by type and irrespective of reduced metal artifacts occurrence of artifacts applied to the pacemaker when tracking a heart CT scan after inserting MAR algorithm.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.414-418
• /
• 2007

A 2.8-year-old intact female Beagle dog (weighing 11kg) was referred with the primary complaint of exercise intolerance with occasional syncope. Physical examination revealed irregularly irregular heart rhythm with persistent pulse deficits. The 12-lead surface ECG showed a third degree heart block. Permanent transvenous cardiac pacing with a bipolar implantable pacemaker was performed in the right ventricle. After pacemaker implantation, the dog did not show syncopal episode and is currently able to take a walk with an owner. No side effects associated with permanent pacemaker implantation has been observed to date.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.90-90
• /
• 2008