• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.3-14
• /
• 2012

A sustainable evaluation and planning method shall have an integrative methodology for analysis of interrelationship among environmental resource uses and natural conditions during the planning process. However, there are few methods for understanding or achieving sustainable planning in residential development projects for most planner/architects. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate theories of the concept of environmental carrying capacity based on the ecological view, to propose a sustainable planning method for evaluation and planning of environmental sustainability in residential development projects, to analyze interrelationship of selected environmental resources to represent an environmental carrying capacity for a residential development project based on the proposed sustainable planning method. Finally, through the case studies of a high-density housing project located near Seoul Metropolitan area, the existing case and a sustainable case were analysed by the proposed method.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.12 no.3 s.29
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 1998

An improved evaluation method of load-carrying capacity for the large-scaled offshore structures, which subjected to the axial force and bending moments simultaneously at the piles, was suggested with reliability analysis and advanced working stress method. Reliability analysis requires the fracture probability and safety factor(${beta}$) for each of forces and the load-carrying capacity due to combined action of axial force and bending moments from $P_n - {beta}$ Curve. The combined equation due to those forces, which suggested by the Korean Specification for the marine structure, was derived for the advanced working stress method and applied to evaluate the load-carrying capacity of jacket-type dolphin piers.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes of parameters of foot contact by various carrying a pack methods during walking. Method: The subjects were consisted of normal forty four persons (males 30, females 14, mean age 23). The carrying a pack methods were classified into five conditions: carrying no bag(Con 1), carrying a backpack(Con 2), carrying a shoulder bag(Con 3), carrying a cross bag(Con 4), carrying a one-hand bag(Con 5). All subjects were participated in these five condition and measured foot pressure by F-scan system during walking. Then foot contact time, foot contact area, foot contact length and width were measured and analyzed. The repeated one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to get difference between conditions and independent t-test was used to get difference between left and right foot within condition. Result: In the comparison of parameters of foot, contact time, contact area and mid foot width were significantly different between conditions(p<.05), and in both foot contact time at condition 5 showed the most significant reduction(p<.05). In the comparison of parameters of foot between left and right foot within condition, every conditions were not significantly different(p>.05). Conclusion: In this study various carrying methods changed the parameters of foot contact and showed significant difference in some articles between carrying methods. However, asymmetric load of pack by carrying methods didn't affected symmetry of parameters of foot contact between left and right foot.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 2001

Bridge load rating calculations provide a basis for determining the load carrying capacity of bridges. Load rating requires engineering judgement in determining a rating value that is applicable to maintaining the safe use of the bridge and arriving at posting and permit decisions. Load testing is an effective means in calculating the rating value of bridge. In Korea, load carrying capacity of bridge is modified by response modification factor that is determined from comparisons of measured values and analysis results. This paper presents the development of a method for determining the response the modification factor, using traffic loads. The proposed method is based on the results of computer simulations of traffic action effects. The simulation program generates random traffic actions for defined traffic conditions and determines the frequency distribution of maximum traffic action effects. A comparison between the proposed method and the present method shows good agreement in estimating the modified load carrying capacity of bridges.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2000.10b
• /
• pp.1469-1472
• /
• 2000

네트워크가 복잡해지고 에이전트를 이용한 분산 시스템이 증가함에 따라 악성코드의 수와 종류도 현저한 증가 추세를 보이고 있다. 코드의 안전한 실행을 위해서는 그 동안의 수동적인 대응책을 넘어선 능동적인 방법이 요구되는 시점에서 Proof-Carrying Code라는 능동적인 대응책이 제시되었지만 현실적인 문제에 봉착해 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 분기를 기반으로 한 Proof-Carrying Code의 변환을 시도해 기존의 Proof-Carrying Code 방식보다 효율적이고 능동적으로 코드의 안전한 수행을 보장하는 방법을 제시한다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.255-266
• /
• 2015

A strut-and-tie based method intended for determining the load-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) corbels is presented in this paper. In addition to the normal strut-and-tie force equilibrium requirements, the proposed model is based on secant stiffness formulation, incorporating strain compatibility and constitutive laws of cracked RC. The proposed method evaluates the load-carrying capacity as limited by the failure modes associated with nodal crushing, yielding of the longitudinal principal reinforcement, as well as crushing or splitting of the diagonal strut. Load-carrying capacity predictions obtained from the proposed analysis method are in a better agreement with corbel test results of a comprehensive database, comprising 455 test results, compiled from the available literature, than other existing models for corbels. This method is illustrated to provide more accurate estimates of behaviour and capacity than the shear-friction based approach implemented by the ACI 318-11, the strut-and-tie provisions in different codes (American, Australian, Canadian, Eurocode and New Zealand).

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.595-603
• /
• 2012

This study applied elastic supports in order to evaluate load carrying capacity using measurement data obtained from load tests actively and utilizing various evaluation methods. In order to confirm the adequacy of structural analysis based on elastic supports and to improve the reliability of experiment results, we conducted a deflection test with flexural beams prepared as overhanging beams and, based on the results, performed precision safety diagnosis for real bridges under public service for improving the load carrying capacity evaluation method for bridges under public service. In the results of the bending test, compared to deflection calculated by the existing method, deflection obtained by applying elastic supports was closer to the actually measured deflection. In the results of evaluating load carrying capacity for a 3 span continuous steel box girder bridge just after its completion, load carrying capacity by elastic supports was smaller by up to 39% than that by the existing method. When the load carrying capacity of bridges is evaluated by the existing method the results vary among engineers due to lack of guidelines for evaluation such as the application of stress modification factor. This study was conducted as an effort to solve this problem through active research.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.287-292
• /
• 1998

In particle or short-fiber reinforced composites. cracking of the reinforcements is a significant damage mode because the broken reinforcements lose load carrying capacity. This paper deals with the load carrying capacity of intact and broken ellipsoidal inhomogeneities embedded in an infinite body and a damage theory of particle or short-fiber reinforce composites. The average stress in the inhomogeneity represents its load carrying capacity. and the difference between the average stresses of the intact t and broken inhomogeneities indicates the loss of load carrying capacity due to cracking damage. The composite in damage process contains intact and broken reinforcements in a matrix. An incremental constitutive relation of particle or short-fiber reinforced composites including the progressive cracking damage of the reinforcements have been developed based on the Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method and Mori and Tanaka's mean field concept. Influence of the cracking damage on the stress-strain response of the composites is demonstrated.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to improve and modify the evaluation method of load carrying capacity for simply supported PSC I Typed girder bridge. To do this, conventional ASD(Allowable Stress Design) and USD(Ultimate Strength Design) evaluation method were initially investigated and it was evaluated that the conventional USD evaluation method may perform the load carrying capacity as conservative because it do not consider the prestressing upper-force effect of simply supported PSC I Typed girder bridge. To reasonably evaluate the load carrying capacity, the upper-force effect should be considered to the PSC I Typed girder bridge. Thus, in this study, the MUSD method was Suggested and compared to the nonlinear FEM based-load carrying capacity using the live load factor and the efficiency of the evaluation method of load carrying capacity was investigated by experimental and analytical result. In the result of this study, the suggested MUSD evaluation method showed a reasonable evaluating result for the simply supported PSC bridge. For the new technique of load carrying capacity based on the nonlinear FEM analysis, it could effectively simulate the load-deflection relationship and the load carrying capacity of the PSC I Typed girder bridge.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.110-116
• /
• 2000

The soft drink deliveries are made for a broad line of soft drink products by using a hand truck and the backpack mode of carriage. The workers usually deliver the beverages by backpack mode of carriage, because they feel safe with such a carrying method in stairways. In this study, the physiological workload of backpack carrying was investigated, especially focused on the effects of weight of load and carrying by the stairway. A laboratory experiment was conducted to measure heart rate and oxygen uptake during backpack carrying tasks, and an ergonomic guideline was proposed for such type of task based on the results of the experiment. Eight healthy male subjects performed the backpack carrying of 40kg and 60kg, (1) on the level ground, (2) upstairs and (3) downstairs. The result showed that the stairways caused the increased physiological cost, and that a carrying load of 60kg required significantly higher physiological cost as compared to carrying 40kg. Although backpack carrying has some advantages in the biomechanical aspect, it should be advised to carry a load of less than 40kg, since the task requires a very high physiological cost. During backpack carrying, it is also recommended for a delivery person to make more trips with a light load rather than to make less trips with a heavier load at one trip.