• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.1210-1214
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• 2010

Many bacteria are involved in the fermentation of doenjang, and Bacillus species are known to perform significant roles. Although SDS-PAGE has been frequently used to classify and identify bacteria in various samples, the microbial diversity in doenjang has not yet been investigated. This study aims to determine the identity and distribution of dominant Bacillus species in doenjang using SDS-PAGE profiles of whole-cell proteins and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Reference Bacillus strains yielded differential SDS-PAGE banding patterns that could be considered to be highly specific fingerprints. Grouping of bacterial strains isolated from doenjang samples by whole-cell protein patterns was confirmed by analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences. B. subtilis was found to be the most dominant strain in most of the samples, whereas B. licheniformis and B. amyloliquefaciens were less frequently found but were also detected in several samples. The results obtained in this study show that a combined identification method using SDS-PAGE profiles of whole-cell proteins and subsequent 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis could successfully identify Bacillus species isolated from doenjang.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Purpose: Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) has been widely used. The optimal time for collection is a critical factor to obtain proper counts of CD34 cell by peripheral blood stem cell collection (PBSC). The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing peripheral blood stem cell collection in order to figure out the more effective timing for PBSC. Method: The subjects of this study were 189 patients undergoing 3 leukapheresis from January 28, 2005 to December 31,2006. Group's characteristics, checkup opinion of pre-peripheral blood on the day of harvest & outcome of PBSC were analyzed and evaluated using SAS statistics program after grouping patients as below; group 1-CD34 cell counts $<2{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=97); group $2-2{\times}10^6/kg$ ${\leq}CD34$ cell counts $<4{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=26); group 3-CD34 cell counts ${\geq}4{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=63). Results: Based on outcome of peripheral blood stem cell according to diagnosis, acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) was 65.5% at Group 1, Lymphoma was 21.7% at Group 2 and multiple myeloma (MM) was 70.8% at Group 3. There were significant differences in CD34 cell counts according to diagnosis (p=0.00004). Type of cytokine mobilization according to diagnosis, Lenograsim was using 62.5% of MM & 38.2% of AML and filgrastim is using 22.0% of AML only. Circular peripheral blood CD34 cell counts prior to harvest was $258.1/{\mu}L$ at Group 3 which was much higher comparing to Group 1 ($10.5/{\mu}L$) and Group 2 ($39.9/{\mu}L$) (p<0.001). TNC counts of collected peripheral blood stem cell was $15.36{\times}10^6/kg$ at Group 3 and it's much higher than Group 2 ($13.16{\times}10^6/kg$) and Group 1 ($12.36{\times}10^6/kg$) (p=0.083). There was no significant difference in MNC counts inbetween 3 groups. Conclusions: Circular peripheral blood CD34+ cell counts prior to harvest was much higher at Group 3 than Group 1 and Group 2. Therefore, the number of CD34+ cells on the day of harvest can be used as an accurate predictor for peripheral blood stem cell.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2012

이 논문에서는 십진수의 매트릭스 방법 (DVM) 을 이용한 새로운 방법으로 불리언 논리를 최소화할 때 최소항을 그룹화 하여 표시하는 방법을 제안하고 있다. DVM 방법은 매트릭스 방법을 이용하여 최소항에 관한 이진수의 차이를 십진수 형태로 변환하는 과정을 거치고, 결합할 수 있는 최소항을 직접 확인할 수 있다. 십진수의 매트릭스 방법은 시각적 접근에 따른 새로운 매트릭스이지만, 경우에 따라 주어진 셀 값을 그룹화 하는데 있어서 도형이 복잡해지기도 하는 문제점이 있다. 이 논문은 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 연구로, 십진수의 매트릭스 방법에 최소항의 다단계 그룹을포함하는 기법을 제안하고 있다. 이 연구에서 제시하는 방법은 최소항의 그룹을 간결한 시각적인 방법으로 표현 하였으므로, 관련된 최소항을 구체적으로 파악하는 수단으로 사용할 수 있다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2010

본 논문은 직교주파수분할다중접속방식 기반의 마이크로 기지국을 위한 PHY-MAC 계층에서 최적화된 자원할당 기법에 대해 연구한다. 본 논문에서는 PHY-MAC 계층 간 제어 정보 흐름 및 기능 구현을 포함하여 계층 간 최적화된 2단계 자원할당 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 2단계 자원할당 기법은 사용자 그룹핑 단계 및 자원할당 단계로 구성된다. 사용자 그룹핑 단계에서는 각 사용자별 PHY-MAC 계층 특성에 따라 사용자들을 매크로 기지국 자원을 할당받을 사용자 그룹과 마이크로 기지국 자원을 할당받을 사용자 그룹으로 분류한다. 자원할당 단계에서는 사용자 그룹 내의 각 사용자별로 실제 할당 받을 자원의 형태 및 양을 결정하는 스케줄러를 정의한다. 제안하는 기법에서는 다이버시티 및 AMC 기법을 스케줄러 정의에 활용한다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 제안하는 방법이 마이크로 기지국을 고려하지 않는 기존 방법에 비해 평균 셀 수율을 40~80% 증가시킬 수 있음을 보인다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2011

In many instances a concise form of logic is often required for building today's complex systems. The method described in this paper can be used for a wide range of industrial applications that requires Boolean type of logic minimization. Unlike some of the previous logic minimization methods, the proposed method can be used to better gain insights into the logic minimization process. Based on the decimal valued matrix, the method described here can be used to find an exact minimized solution for a given Boolean function. It is a visual based method that primarily relies on grouping the cell values within the matrix. At the same time, the method is systematic to the extent that it can also be computerized. Constructing the matrix to visualize a logic minimization problem should be relatively easy for the most part, particularly if the computer-generated graphs are accompanied.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.697-705
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• 2009

The Pearson chi-squared statistic or the deviance statistic is widely used in assessing the goodness-of-fit of the generalized linear models. But these statistics are not proper in the situation of continuous explanatory variables which results in the sparseness of cell frequencies. We propose a goodness-of-fit test statistic for the cumulative logit models with ordinal responses. We consider the grouping of a dataset based on the ordinal scores obtained by fitting the assumed model. We propose the Pearson chi-squared type test statistic, which is obtained from the cross-classified table formed by the subgroups of ordinal scores and the response categories. Because the limiting distribution of the chi-squared type statistic is intractable we suggest the parametric bootstrap testing procedure to approximate the distribution of the proposed test statistic.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2017

Objective: In vitro culture of preimplantation embryos is improved by grouping embryos together in a drop of media. Individually cultured embryos are deprived of paracrine factors; with this in mind, we investigated whether the addition of a single embryo-secreted factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6), could improve the development of individually cultured embryos. Methods: Mouse embryos were cultured individually in $2{\mu}L$ of G1/G2 media in 5% oxygen and supplemented with a range of doses of recombinant mouse or human IL-6. Results: Mouse IL-6 increased hatching at doses of 0.01 and 10 ng/mL compared to the control (93% and 93% vs. 78%, p< 0.05) and increased the total number of cells at a dose of 0.1 ng/mL compared to the control ($101.95{\pm}3.36$ vs. $91.31{\pm}3.33$, p< 0.05). In contrast, the highest dose of 100 ng/mL reduced the total number of cells ($79.86{\pm}3.29$, p< 0.05). Supplementation with human IL-6 had a different effect, with no change in hatching or total cell numbers, but an increase in the percentage of inner cell mass per embryo at doses of 0.1, 1, and 100 ng/mL compared to the control ($22.9%{\pm}1.1%$, $23.3%{\pm}1.1%$, and $23.1%{\pm}1.1%$ vs. $19.5%{\pm}1.0%$, p< 0.05). Conclusion: These data show that IL-6 improved mouse embryo development when cultured individually in complex media; however, an excess of IL-6 may be detrimental. Additionally, these data indicate that there is some cross-species benefit of human IL-6 for mouse embryos, but possibly through a different mechanism than for mouse IL-6.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2012

Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) has been used as a major treatment strategy for hematological malignancies. The number of CD34 positive cells in the harvested product is a very important factor for achieving successful transplantation. We studied the factors that can predict the number of CD34 positive cells in the harvested product of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), multiple myeloma (MM) and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients after mobilizing them with chemotherapy plus G-CSF. A total of 73 patients (AML 19 patients, MM 28 patients, NHL 26 patients) with hematological malignancies had been mobilized with chemotherapy and granulocyte colony-stimulating growth factor from April, 2000 to February, 2012. Group's characteristics, checkup opinion of pre-peripheral blood on the day of harvest & outcome of PBSC were analyzed and evaluated using SPSS statistics program after grouping patients as below; group 1: CD34 cell counts < $2{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=16); group 2: $2{\times}10^6/kg{\leq}CD34$ cell counts < $6{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=32); group 3: CD34 cell counts ${\geq}6{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=25). We analyzed the clinical characteristics, the peripheral blood (PB) parameters and the number of CD34 positive cells in the PB and their correlation with the yield of CD34 positive cells collected from the mobilized patients. The total number of leukapheresis sessions was 263 (mean: 3.55 session per patient), and the mean number of harvested CD34 positive cells per patient was $7.37{\times}10^6/kg$. The number of CD34 positive cells in product was significantly correlated with the number of platelet and CD34 positive cells in peripheral blood (P<0.05). The number of PB CD34 positive cells was the best significant factor for the quantity of harvested CD34 positive cells on the linear regression analysis (P<0.05). Many factors could influence the mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells. Platelet count and PB CD34 positive cells count were the two variables which remained to be significant in multivariate analysis. Therefore, the number of platelet and CD34 positive cells in peripheral blood on the day of harvest can be used as an accurate predictor for successful peripheral blood stem cell collection.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1341-1347
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• 2012

Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) can be divided into germinal centre (GC-DLBCL) and post germinal centre (post GC-DLBCL) groups by applying immunohistochemical antibodies. As these subgroups respond differently to chemotherapy, it is possible at diagnosis to select a poor prognostic subgroup for aggressive treatment. Objective: To determine the frequencies of GC-DLBCL and post GC-DLBCL in patients by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the clinical response after six cycles of chemotherapy. Subjects and Methods: In this descriptive study conducted in AFIP and CMH, Rawalpindi and NORI, Islamabad, from September 2010 to September 2011, a total of 75 pretreatment cases of DLBCL diagnosed during the study period were included. Cases were segregated in to GC-DLBCL and post GC-DLBCL groups according to results of immunohistochemistry markers CD10, BCL6 and MUM1. Immediate clinical response was assessed after 6 cycles of chemotherapy. Response was divided into complete response, partial response, stable disease or relapse or progression. Results: The mean age was $54.2{\pm}15$. Males were 53 (70.7%). Forty (53.3%) cases comprised the GC-DLBCL group; 25(62.5%) of them showed a complete response. Most patients of the post GC-DLBCL 19(54%) showed relapse/progression. Results of immediate clinical response in both prognostic subgroups were significant (p<0.05). Results regarding positivity with immunohistochemical antibodies CD10 (p 0.011), BCL6 (p 0.013) and MUM1 (p 0.000) regarding immediate clinical response were also significant. Conclusion: GC-DLBCL group shows better response to CHOP chemotherapy regimen. Immunohistochemistry should be used to further classify DLBCL as this can enable us to select aggressive group for aggressive treatment. This manuscript is important because the study is the first to becarried out exclusively in Pakistan or our part of the world.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.74-83
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• 2002

대규모 VLSI 시스템을 설계하는 경우 스캔 플립플롭(이하 셀)을 채택한 스캔 테스트 방법을 사용하여 IC 칩의 테스트를 용이하게 한다. 이러한 경우 스캔체인에서의 스캔 셀들의 연결 순서는 물리적 설계과정인 셀들의 배치가 완료된 후 결정하여도 무방하다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 사실을 이용하여 스캔 셀간의 연결선의 길이가 작도록 이들의 순서를 조정하는 방법을 제안한다. 특히 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 스캔 셀들이 클럭 도메인별로 그룹화되어 있을 경우 이들의 순서를 결정하기 위하여 새롭게 제시되는 방법으로 기존의 재구성 방법에 비하여 약 13.6%의 배선길이를 절약할 수 있다. 또한, 스캔 셀 순서에 대한 여러 다양한 제약에 대하여 효율적으로 셀들의 순서를 재구성할 수 있다.