• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 2010

Objectives : To investigate the effects of Cornu cervi parvum pharmacopuncture with regard to the blood picture and antioxidative activity in rats. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (n=5 each) and were treated with Cornu cervi parvum pharmacopuncture every other day for 2 weeks. The groups are classified as follows; normal control without treatment (control group), Cornu cervi parvum pharmacopuncture at CV4 (CV4 group), and Cornu cervi parvum pharmacopuncture at BL23 (BL23 group). Thereafter, the blood and liver samples were obtained for blood analysis and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity measurement. Results : Cornu cervi parvum pharmacopuncture groups showed higher values of red blood cell count and plasma cell volume compared with those of the control (p<0.05). However, hemoglobin level showed no significant differences among groups. With regard to the blood picture, plasma concentration in total protein and albumin showed no significant differences in pharmacopuncture groups, while higher ratio of albumin/globulin was observed in CV4 group. White blood cell counts and its composition showed no significant differences among groups. Pharmacopuncture groups showed higher values in SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities compared with those of control group. Conclusions : Cornu cervi parvum pharmacopuncture alleviates oxidative activities in rats.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.180-184
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• 2017

Background: Recently, Cervi Parvum Cornu pharmacopuncture has been widely used. But no studies on the indicator materials for Cervi Parvum Cornu pharmacopuncture have been conducted. The aim of this study was to select indicator materials that would aid in the uniform preparation of standardized Cervi Parvum Cornu pharmacopuncture. Methods: Three lots of Cervi Parvum Cornu pharmacopuncture were analysed. Each lot was prepared using the same methods and materials. Chondroitin sulfate, alanine, and leucine were selected as the indicator materials for Cervi Parvum Cornu. For standardization, chondroitin sulfate analysis was performed using the colorimetric method, while alanine and leucine were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results: Analysis of the three lots of Cervi Parvum Cornu pharmacopuncture found chondroitin sulfate levels of $108.9{\pm}17.3ug/ml$, $118.8{\pm}5.0ug/ml$ and $112.3{\pm}11.9ug/ml$. Alanine levels were $44.9{\pm}2.8ug/ml$, $44.6{\pm}0.3ug/ml$, and $43.9{\pm}0.2ug/ml$. Leucine levels were $29.6{\pm}0.7ug/ml$, $29.0{\pm}0.1ug/ml$, and $29.4{\pm}0.1ug/ml$. Conclusion: These results suggest that chondroitin sulfate, alanine, and leucine may be useful for the standardization of Cervi Parvum Cornu pharmacopuncture.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.29-41
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• 1998

The effect of Cervi Cornu Parvum aqua-acupuncture on serum levels of sex hormone was investigated in ovariectomized rats. Water extract of Cervi Cornu Parvum was daily injected for 30 days at points in rats corresponding to bilateral Taixi (Ki. 3) points of human and non-point at root of tail after ovariectomy, respectively. Serum levels of estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, LH and FSH were measured at 2 and 4 weeks after aqua-acupuncture treatment, respectively. Compared with ovariectomized rats, significant increase of estradiol and progesterone and significant decrease of FSH and LH were elicited at 2 and 4 weeks after aqua-acupuncture treatment. Aqua-acupuncture treatment at non-point did not produce any remarkable effect. These findings suggest aqua-acupuncture may restore dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, associated with a significant increase of serum estradiol level in ovariectomized rats.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2001

Background and method : The Cervi cornu parvum for children patients have been widely used nowadays: however, there have been no reports about the children patients' conditions and the parents' responses. To investigate these things, the questionnaires were used for the children patients(the ages between 0 and 15) who took the herbal medication combined with Cervix cornu parvum and their parents from January 1, 2000 to June 31 at the Dong-seo oriental Hospital. The chief complaints such as common cold, dyspepsia of using Cervi cornu parvum were divided into five categories and the changes were observed, scoring each stages. Besides, the quantity of taking herbal medication combined with Cervix cornu parvum, the expectancy, the satisfaction, the continual favor were included in the questionnaires. The result : 1. The trackable sample was 53: male infants 34(64.2%), female infants 19(35.8%). There is no differences between genders in the treating results. The treating results were increased after taking herbal medication combined with Cervi cornu parvum 2. When age is grouped by three categories(0-1, 2-6, 7-14 ages), the statistics shows that the treating results have no differences between each group(P>0.05) Regardless of the ages, the treats have correlated.(P<0.05) 3. When each symptoms made treated one case are analyzed, there have been correlations between the taking herbal medication combined with Cervi cornu parvum and recovery.(P<0.05) 4. The treating result have not affected by the expectancy.(P>0.05) Each group(good, moderate, poor) showed the recovery after the treatment.(P<0.05) 5. When the satisfaction divided into three groups(good, moderate, poor) there existed differences between groups.(P<0.05) Especially, the group with high expectancy increased the treatment. 6. About the recognition of herbal medication combined with Cervi cornu parvum is like this: the health refreshment, ordinary taking whenever turning-point of seasons comes, treatment, disbelieving the overdose of herbal medication combined with Cervi cornu parvum, disbelief about the security of the medicine such as fake medicine, mad cow diseases, the imported medicine, ignorance about the way of taking the medicine.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.61-77
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Bee Venom (BV) and Cervi Cornu Parvum pharmacoacupuncture (CC) in monosodium iodide induced arthritis rats. Methods : The subjects were divided into 5 groups ; Normal, Control (no treatment after MIA), BV (Bee Venom pharmacoacupuncture $100{\mu}{\ell}$ daily at Dokbi (ST35) after inducing MIA), CC (Cervi Cornu Parvum pharmacoacupuncture $100{\mu}{\ell}$ dailyat Dokbi (ST35) after inducing MIA) and BV+CC (Bee Venom pharmacoacupuncture and Cervi Cornu Parvum pharmacoacupuncture $100{\mu}{\ell}$daily at Dokbi (ST35) after inducing MIA). After each operation, the present author observed the motor behavior recovery, hematological (Prostaglandin E2, AST, ALT), histological and immunological changes. Rats were tested at the 7th, 14th and 21st day. Results : Results are as follows. 1. All the experimental groups were improved compared with control group in plantar test. 2. All the experimental groups were improved compared with control group in touch test for sensory evaluator. 3. All the experimental groups were significantly decreased compared with control group in prostaglandin E2. 4. In histological observations, knee joint in all the experimental groups were improved compared with control group. 5. In immunological observations, all the experimental groups were significantly decreased compared with control group in COX-1, 2. Conclusions : It can be suggested that Bee venom and Cervi Cornu Parvum pharmacoacupuncture may improve motor behavior, hematological, histological and immunological findings in MIA-induced osetoarthritis rats. Especially, combination of these two treatments will be somewhat better in osteoarthritis recovery and motor function improvement.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.7-14
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• 2013

Objective: The endpoint of this review is to investigate existing studies of Cervi cornu parvum (CCP) pharmacopuncture within Korean medicine journals in order to present a better research method in the future. Methods: We searched all the papers through six Korean electrical databases that included the title of "Cervi cornu parvum pharmacopuncture" or "Cervi cornu parvum aqua-acupuncture". Articles that had been published until December 2012 were largely divided into experimental studies and clinical studies. Results: Fifty-three (53) experimental studies and six clinical studies were found. The number of published articles has been constantly increasing. Many of the experimental studies demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects for arthritis, and most of the clinical studies dealt with musculoskeletal problems. Conclusion: Various therapeutically significant effects of the CCP pharmacopuncture have been found through this review; however, more systematic clinical studies on the CCP pharmacopuncture seem to be necessary to substantially support its clinical effects.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1194-1199
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• 2007

Osteoarthritis(OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by fibrillation and erosion in cartilage tissue, chondrocyte proliferation and osteophyte formation at the joint margins, and sclerotis of subchondral bone. We investigated the effects of Acyranthes Radix administration and Cervi Cornu Parvum aqua-acupuncture in monosodium iodoacetate(MIA) induced experimental osteoarthritis model. Sprague-Dawley 60 rats of 7-8 weeks, weight $240{\pm}10\;g$ were divided into two groups including the sham operation group(15 rats) and ostoarthritis group(45 rats). Histopathological examination, Mankin's score, and the measurement of inflammation factor were performed. Histological findings that are similar to those observed in human osteoarthritis, such as disorganization of chondrocytes, erosion and fibrillation of cartilage surface, and subchondral bone exposure were observed in a MIA-induced osteoarthritis model. Saflanin-O fast green staining revealed that marked diffuse reduction of proteoglycans treated with MIA. The Mankin's score were closely correlated to the grade of histological findings. The level of prostaglandin E2 and C-reactive protein were decreased experimental groups. We conclude that Acyranthes Radix administration and Cervi Cornu Parvum aqua-acupuncture, and combination treatment exerts a beneficial influence on the cartilage lesion in osteoarthritis rat.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-38
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• 2000

It has been widely said in Korea that early administrations of Cervi cornu parvum (deer antler) to febrile infants affect brain functions. Traditional Oriental Medicine states that the head is easily affected by fever and only an excess of heat causes headaches. Traditional Oriental Medicine also states that Cervi cornu parvum cannot be used in febrile conditions. With the aim of investigating different febrile response to LPS, experiments using intravenous injection of LPS have been carried out on Cervi comu parvum(CCP) and Soahbohyul - tang combined with Cervi comu parvum(SB-CCP) administered rabbits. Experiments were also conducted to evaluate the effects of early administration of CCP on learning and memory in 3 week old rats with LPS fever. These were evaluated by using the Morris water maze and the radial arm maze. Changes in body weight were also observed during this period. The results of these experiments are as follows. 1. In the experiments with febrile rabbits, the CCP and SB-CCP administered group showed statistically significant reductions of fever (p<0.05). 2. In the experiments with febrile rabbits, CCP and SB-CCP administered rabbits resulted in the tendency of lower body temperatures and shorter fever periods than the control group. 3. There were no differences of mean body weight and fever patterns among the 4 groups in the experiments on young rats with LPS fever. 4. There was no statistical difference of mean response latencies among the rats in Group I (DDW administered), GroupIII (CCP administered), and groupIV (SB-CCP administered) in the Morris water maze. However, Group Ⅱ (the scopolamine administered group) showed delayed latencies on the second day of the first session (p<0.05), and the second and third day of the second session (p< 0.05). 5. There were no statistical differences of mean response latencies among the rats in Group I, III and Ⅳ in the radial arm maze, but Group Ⅱ showed delayed latencies on the first and third day of the first session (p<0.05). 6. There was no influence from the administration of CCP and SB-CCP on the general behavior of the rats in Irwin´s test. These results suggest that Cervi cornu parvum and Soahbohyul - tang combined with Cervi comu parvum have anti-pyretic actions on LPS fever. The results also suggest that these drugs have no influence on learning and memory in young rats with LPS fever in the Morris water maze and the radial arm maze.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.674-679
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• 2002

The toxicity and bioaccumulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) continues to be a focus of research in human and various species. The main human exposure is via the dietary route. This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of Cornu Cervi Parvum extract on clinical parameters and hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rat (SD rat) accutely exposured to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Male SD rats received single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of TCDD (40 ㎍/kg), and administered 10 or 20 mg/kg/day of the ethanol extract oral injection for 4 weeks from 1 week before TCDD treatment. The gain in body weight was less in group treated with TCDD than in CON group, while that of C/H+ TCDD group (Cornu Cervi Parvum extract 20 mg/kg/day) increased. The decrease in spleen and testis weight caused by TCDD was prevented by Cornu Cervi Parvum extract 20 mg/kg/day. The fluctuation in BUN content, WBC and platelet count by TCDD intoxication were significantly attenuated by the ethanol extract treatment (20 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks). Treatments of rats with the extract (10 or 20 mg/kg/day) were significantly reduced AST and ALT levels compared with TCDD-treated group. Moderate swelling of hepatocytes, hyperchromatism, acidophilic cytoplasm and cytoplasmic vacuolation were observed in TCDD-treated animals (TCDD group). The administration of EtOH extract 10 or 20 mg/kg along with TCDD significantly alleviated the liver histopathological alteration induced by TCDD. These results suggest that Cornu Cervi Parvum extract can be useful as a protective agent against TCDD, an endocrine disruptor.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.27-49
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Yanghyuljanggeungunbo-tang(Yangxuezhuangjinjianbu-tang) and Cervi Cornu Parvum pharmaco-acupuncture in Spinal Cord Injury(SCI)-induced rats. Methods : The subjects were divided into 5 groups ; Normal, Control no treatment after SCI, Experimental I taken with Yanghyuljanggeungunbo-tang (Yangxuezhuangjinjianbu-tang) 500 mg/kg $0.5m{\ell}$ daily after inducing SCI. Experimental II taken with Cervi Cornu Parvum pharmaco-acupuncture at Taegye(KI3) and $Yangnungch{\acute{o}}n$(GB34) after inducing SCI and Experimental III taken with Yanghyuljanggeungunbo-tang(Yangxuezhuangjinjianbu-tang) 500 mg/kg $0.5m{\ell}$ and Cervi Cornu Parvum pharmaco-acupuncture at KI3 and GB34 to SCI-induced rats. After each operation, the present author observed the motor behavior recovery and nerve regeneration by analysis of the motor behavior tests, EMG, hematological(AST, ALT, WBC), histological and immunological changes. Rats were tested at modified Tarlov test at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th day, and Motor behavior test at 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st day. Results : Results are as follows. 1. All the experimental groups were improved compared with control group in the motor behavior tests including Tarlov test, Basso-Beattle-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale, modified inclined plane test, open field test, grid walk test and narrow beam test. Especially Experimental III was improved significantly among other groups. 2. In EMG test, H wave appeared weak only in Experimental III. And M wave was increased significantly in Experimental III. 3. All the experimental groups were significantly decreased compared with control group in serum AST, serum ALT and serum WBC tests. 4. significantly decreased in Tumor Necrosis Factor-${\alpha}$ test compared with the first day of SCI. 5. Muscle contraction and denaturation of all the experimental groups were inhibited in histological observations of gastrocnemius muscle. Especially, those of experimental III was more effective. 6. NGF and BDNF of spinal cord gray matter in all the experimental groups were increased compared with control group. Especially, those of experimental III was more effective. Conclusions : As above, it can be suggested that Yanghyuljanggeungunbo-tang(Yangxuezhuangjinjianbu-tang) and Cervi Cornu Parvum pharmaco-acupuncture may improve motor behavior, EMG, hematological, histological and immunological findings in Spinal Cord Injury(SCI)-induced rats. Especially, effects will be somewhat better in combination of these two treatments.