• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.114-117
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• 2001

Cervi Parvum Cornu is widely used as a hemopoietic, tonifying, growth-promoting, cardiotonic, and immuno-modulating agent in Korea. In order to develop the quality control method of Cervi Parvum Cornu by the identification of the biological source or origin, the molecular approach was applied using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and PCR-RFLF (PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis. In the PCR analysis of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene and cytochrome b gene regions, no distinctive DNA bands from Cervidae (deer) antlers and Rangifer (reindeer) antlers were observed. However, when the amplified products in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene region were subjected to restriction digestion with TaqI, Cervidae antlers showed an undigested state of 380 by band, differently from two bands of 230 by and 1S0 by from Rangifer antlers. Based on this finding, the base sequences of amplified PCR products in the range of mitochondria) cytochrome b gene from Cervidae antlers and Rangifer antlers were determined and subjected to restriction analysis by various endonucleases. The results showed that antlers from Rangifer species could be simply discriminated with other antlers from 8 Cervidae species (Chinese deer, Russian deer, Hong Kong deer, New Zealand deer, Kazakhstan deer, elk, red deer and Sika deer) by PCR-RFLP analysis using AtuI, HaeIII, HpaII or Sau3AI(MboI) as well as TaqI in the range of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2007

DNA extracted from ancient bones of Cervidae animals was examined to identify the species and to determine the phylogenetic relationships to those from extant cervids. Abundant ancient bones were excavated from Kumsung archaeological site in Jeju Island, Korea, and were identified as Cervidae animals based on morphological features of their antlers and lower mandibles. Their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (CR) was partially sequenced and subsequently compared with those previously reported in database. The results confirmed that the ancient sequences are lineage of Cervidae. On the phylogenetic trees constructed using the sequence diversity of the CR sequences of family Cervidae, the ancient DNA sequences were found on distinct clusters. The ancient sequences were located in the subfamily Capreolinae cluster, and six ancient sequences were closely related to those of extant Korean roe deer in Jeju Island and Korean Peninsula. Consequently, the results of this study suggest that the roe deer inhabited Jeju Island in ancient times. However, there is no evidence for the existence of subfamily Cervinae, including Sika deer, while it has been described in several historical records. The results suggest that this finding could contribute to understanding of the origin and phylogenetic relationships of extant and ancient roe deer on Jeju Island.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.118-121
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• 2015

The water deer, Hydropotes inermis (Cervidae), is native to China and Korea and has two subspecies of the Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis inermis) and Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). To date, only the Korean water deer has been reported in South Korea. In this study, however, an intraspecific phylogeny and haplotype analysis based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I indicated that both Korean and Chinese water deer are found in South Korea. The populations of the two Korean genetic lineages did not show distinct geographic distributions. Further morphological studies on the Korean water deer will be required to confirm its taxonomic status.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-38
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• 2014

The article considers the influence of hunting (legitimate and uncontrolled) on the population of the Siberian roe deer, musk deer, elk, red and northern deer in Pribaikalje. The data on the forms and methods of hunting, the dynamics of the number of animals and the results of their production are given. For comparison, the acts of such a limiting factor as predators are specified. Reasons for the low number of wild ungulates are determined and main problems are formulated.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.39.1-39.6
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• 2021

The classification of the bone pieces excavated from Gasan-ri archaeological site 1 in Jinju, presumed to be relics was investigated macroscopically. The remains of the animal bone were 3 classes (Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia), 5 orders (Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Galliformer, Rodentia, Salientia), and 6 species (Sus scrofa, Cervidae sp., Nyctereutes procyonides, Phasianidae, Rattus norvegicus caraco, Rana nigromaculata). The total weight of the animal bone remains was 1,002.80 g, with the identified bones comprising 975.30 g and an identification rate of 97.26%. A total of 447 animal bone fragments were identified, including 204 bone pieces of S. scrofa (468.00 g, 47.99%), 102 bone pieces of Cervidae sp. (453.79 g, 46.53%), 68 bone pieces of R. nigromaculata (4.69 g, 0.48%), 59 bone pieces of N. procyonides (47.14 g, 4.83%), 9 bone pieces of Phasianidae (0.98 g, 0.10%), and 5 bone pieces of Rattus norvegicus caraco (0.70 g, 0.07%). The bone pieces of the animal relics consisted of 81 skull (18.12%), 161 axial skeleton (36.02%), 64 forelimb (14.32%), and 141 hindlimb (31.54%) fragments. The archaeological significance of the animal bones excavated in this investigation was that wild boars and deer were presumed to have been mainly used animals in the Gasan-ri area of Jinju during the Three Kingdoms period.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.219.2-219.2
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.240.2-240.2
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• 2000

• Korean Deer Journal
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• v.12 no.2 s.65
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• pp.48-55
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• 2006

사슴은 전 세계적으로 다양한 서식지에서 살고 있는 동물이다. 사슴은 남극대륙을 제외한 전 대륙에 걸쳐 살고 있는 동물로 도시 근처의 평지에서 관찰되기도 하고, 넓은 초원과 산악 지역에서 살기도 한다. 사슴이라고 불리는 동물은 전 세계적으로 약 100여 종류가 있다. 하지만 정확한 분류에 의하면 사슴에 속한 무리는 17속 53종으로 분류하기도 한다. 소목(Artiodactyle) 사슴과(Cervidae)에 속하는 사슴 종류는 발톱 대신 휘어진 발굽을 가지고 있어 "유제류"라고 하며, 소, 양, 염소와 같이 먹이를 삼킨 뒤 일시적으로 보관하는 되새김위가 있어 "반추동물"이라고도 부른다. 사슴은 매우 온순한 성격을 가진 동물이다. 이런 이유 때문에 사람들 중 일부는 애완동물로 키우기도 하고, 고기와 사슴뿔을 얻기 위해 많은 농가에서 사육되기도 한다.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 1996

In order to investigate the contents of total mercury in zoo animal located near in Seoul, we measured the contents of total mercury in fur and feather collected in zoo animal by the Mercury Analyzer. The contents of total mercury in mammals was $61.56\pm 20.32 \mu g/kg$, but in birds $659.49\pm 162.73 \mu g/kg$. Compared with feeding pattern, the contents of total mercury of omniverous and carniverous were detected higher than those of herbiverous in mammals, and also same as in birds. The contents of total mercury of Cuculidae and Ciconidae were detected highestly among classification of family in zoo animal, but those of Camelidae and Cervidae were detected lowestly. Of carniverous, 30.5% was higher than $1000 \mu g/kg$, but the ratio of omniverous detected less than $100 \mu g/kg$ was 45.5%, and in herbiverous 95.4%.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-48
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• 2015

The article is devoted to the study of the density dependence of the horns tissue on the species and the age of the representatives of the deer family. In scientific literature this problem was covered partially. Basic physical parameters (mass, volume, and density) of horns from red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), European (Capreolus capreolus) and Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) were estimated. The present study was designed to analyze the results for making identification of species and age of the animal possible.