• 대한간호학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare 1% chlorhexidine-gluconate/61% ethanol (CHG/Ethanol) emollient and 7.5% povidone-iodine (PVI) scrub for antimicrobial, residual effect, and skin condition. Method: CHG/Ethanol emollient hand hygiene was performed waterless, and brushless by operating doctors and nurses (N=20). PVI hand washing was performed with water and a brush (N=20) for 5 min. The subjects were asked to press their left hand in hand-shaped agar before a surgical scrub, immediately after a surgical scrub and after the operation. The amount of isolated microorganisms were calculated by counting the number of divided areas($1{\times}1cm$, 160 cell) which were culture positive in the hand culture plate. The skin condition was evaluated. Result: The antimicrobial count of CHG/Ethanol emollient and PVI immediately post surgical scrub was 0.0 vs. 4.1 (p>.05), and after the operation was 0.1 vs. 37.8 (p>.05)respectively. The Residual effect of CHG/Ethanol emollient immediately post surgical scrub and after the operation were 0.0 vs. 0.1 (p>.05), and PVI were 4.1 vs. 37.8 (p>.05)respectively. The skin condition and satisfaction of CHG/Ethanol emollient was higher than PVI (p<.05). Conclusion: The antimicrobial effect between CHG/Ethanol emollient and PVI were the same. Considering skin condition, satisfaction and allergic reaction CHG/Ethanol emollient for surgical scrub is recommended in Korea.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 투관침 부위를 중심으로 복강경하 담낭절제술에 적용하는 소독제인 포비돈 아이오딘과 클로르헥시딘-에탄올에 따른 소독효과의 차이를 비교하기 위한 비동등성 대조군 사전사후설계 실험연구이다. 연구대상자는 서울 소재 1개의 대학병원 외과에 입원한 46명의 환자를 대상으로 난수표를 이용하여 무작위 할당하였으며, 균의 배양과 동정, 균 수(CFU/ml) 측정, 수술부위감염 발생 유무를 통해 소독제 효과의 차이를 비교하였다. 연구결과, 포비돈 아이오딘과 클로르헥시딘-에탄올은 소독 3분 후와 투관침 제거 전의 균 발생률, 균수 변화의 차이와 수술부위감염발생률은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없어 소독효과에 대한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 적절한 소독제 선택시 소독효과 뿐만 아니라 비용적 측면과 사용의 편의성 등을 고려하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구는 소독제의 효능과 사용방법에 대한 기초자료 및 교육 자료로 활용될 수 있으며, 소독제에 대한 이해를 높이는데 의의가 있다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.405-411
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the optimum conditions for oral mucosal irritation testing using the buccal pouch of hamsters. Methods: Test materials were applied to the buccal pouch of seven-week old male Syrian hamsters (SLC, Japan) four times at one-hour intervals and macroscopic changes were examined at 24 hours after final treatment. After sacrifice, the buccal pouches were removed and prepared for histopathological evaluation. In order to set the exposure time, we performed exposure tests of 5, 12, 18 and 23 minutes using sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) 1% and set the treatment volume from the test results at 2, 3, or 4 ml treatment using SLS 1%, Triton X-100 1% and ethanol. After setting the experimental conditions, seven groups of materials [sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) (1%), Triton X-100 (1%), hydrogen peroxide (3%), ethanol (100%), chlorhexidine (0.2%, 2%), phosphate buffer saline (PBS)] were assessed. Results: Experimental conditions of material exposure time were fixed as 18 minutes from the exposure tests of 5, 12, 18 or 23 min using sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) 1%. Treated volume was set as 4 ml per each pouch from the test results of 2, 3, or 4 ml treatments using SLS 1%, Triton X-100 1% and ethanol. The results in terms of irritation degree were in the order of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) (1%) > Triton X-100 (1%) ${\fallingdotseq}$ hydrogen peroxide (3%) > ethanol (100%) ${\fallingdotseq}$ chlorhexidine (0.2%, 2%) > phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Conclusion: From this study, suitable conditions for hamster mucosal irritation testing were suggested and this method was verified through materials commonly used on oral mucosal membranes.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare three surgical scrub methods-4% chlorhexidine gluconate(CHG) with brush, 4% CHG without brush, and waterless scrub using 1% CHG and 61% ethanol combination(alcohol-based agent)-for antimicrobial efficacy. Method: "Glove-juice technique" was used to evaluate microbial hand counts before surgical scrubs, 1 min and 3 hr after surgical scrubs. Result: Waterless scrub using CHG and ethanol combination resulted in a 4.8-log reduction at 1 min and 4.0-log reduction at 3 hr. CHG without brush resulted in a 4.7-log reduction at 1 min and 3.3-log reduction at 3 hr. The traditional scrub using CHG with brush resulted in a 3.6-log reduction at 1 min and 0.8-log reduction at 3 hr. The waterless scrub and CHG without brush showed significantly higher log reduction(p<.05) than CHG with brush at 1 min and 3 hr after surgical scrub. Waterless scrub showed greater log reductions than CHG without brush, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Waterless scrub using alcohol-based agent showed more persistent and immediate antimicrobial efficacy than either CHG with brush or CHG without brush.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.2-8
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• 2012

The limited durability of resin-dentin bonds severely compromises the longevity of composite resin restorations. Resin-dentin bond degradation might occur via degradation of water-rich and resin sparse collagen matrices by host-derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This review article provides overview of current knowledge of the role of MMPs in dentin matrix degradation and four experimental strategies for extending the longevity of resin-dentin bonds. They include: (1) the use of broadspectrum inhibitors of MMPs, (2) the use of cross-linking agents for silencing the activities of MMPs, (3) ethanol wet-bonding with hydrophobic resin, (4) biomimetic remineralization of water-filled collagen matrix. A combination of these strategies will be able to overcome the limitations in resin-dentin adhesion.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the 1% chlorhexidine gluconate/61% ethanol (CHG/ethanol), 45% ethanol/18% 1-propanol (ethanol/propanol) and 7.5% povidone-iodine (PVI) scrub with brush to evaluate their antimicrobial effect. Method: Utilizing repeated measures design, 9 nurses participated in the study. Glove juice sampling procedure was used to evaluate microbial hand counts before the surgical hand antisepsis, one minute after hand wash, and after the surgery. Results: Waterless rub using CHG and ethanol combination resulted in a 3.94 log reduction at 1 min and 2.78 log reduction at 3 hrs. Ethanol/propanol resulted in a 2.42 at 1 min and 2.22 at 3 hrs. The traditional scrub using PVI with brush resulted in a 0.94 at 1 min and 0.95 at 3 hrs (p=.003) and 3 hrs (p=.026) after the surgical hand antisepsis. Repeated measures ANOVA results showed that there was a statistically significant difference among group (p=.002). Duncan post hoc test result showed that the PVI was less effective (p<.05) in sterilizing microbials on hands than CHG/ethanol or ethanol/propanol. Conclusion: Both of the two alcohol-based antiseptic rubs are acceptable alternatives to the PVI with brush for surgical hand antisepsis.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.206-216
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• 2016

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of xanthorrhizol (XTZ) on E. faecalis, compared with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). Materials and Methods Normal physiological state (NS), starvation state (SS), and alkalization state (AS) of E. faecalis were used. A solution containing 1% XTZ in 30% ethanol, 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 100 mg/ml sodium methyl cocoyl taurate was used and is referred to as Xan in this study. To determine the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Xan and CHX, $500{\mu}l$ of E. faecalis (NS and two stress states) was added to a microtube containing $500{\mu}l$ of serial 2-fold dilutions of 1% Xan and 2% CHX (1:2-1:128). The MBC of each antimicrobial was determined by the plate count method. Results The antibacterial effect of Xan was more effective on E. faecalis in AS than in the other states (NS, SS) at 0.125% Xan and 0.03325% Xan (P<0.05). In contrast, the antibacterial effect of CHX was more effective against E. faecalis in SS than the other states (NS, AS) at 0.0625% CHX (P<0.05). In SS, the antibacterial effect of CHX was more effective than that of Xan at 0.125% and 0.0625% (P<0.05). However, in AS, the antibacterial effect of Xan was more effective than that of CHX at 0.0625% and 0.03325% (P<0.05). Conclusions In endodontic retreatment cases in which it is important to effectively remove E. faecalis from the infected root canal, Xan may be more suitable when combined with NaOCl than CHX.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1386-1392
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 천연물유래 구강건강소재로써 염료식물의 이용 가능성을 알아보기 위해 오리나무, 옻나무, 치자나무, 황칠나무, 황벽나무, 회화나무 줄기 추출물의 구강미생물에 대한 항균활성을 조사하였다. 6 종의 국내 자생 염료식물의 줄기에서 추출한 에탄올 추출물 중 오리나무 줄기 추출물(1 mg/disc)이 치주질환 원인균인 P. gingivalis KCTC5352에 대해 가장 우수한 항균활성을 나타내었다. 오리나무 줄기 추출물은 P. gingivalis KCTC5352에 대해 양성대조구로 사용한 chlorhexidine과 유사한 항균활성을 나타내었으며 P. gingivalis KCTC5352의 MIC는 0.4 mg/ml였고 MBC는 0.6 mg/ml였다. 오리나무 줄기 추출물이 0.2-2.0 mg/ml 농도로 처리된 배양액에서 P. gingivalis KCTC5352의 바이오필름 생성율과 세균 생육은 추출물의 농도가 증가할수록 저해되는 경향을 보였다. 또한 P. gingivalis KCTC5352의 superoxide dismutase (SOD)와 섬모에 대한 mRNA 발현도 추출물의 농도가 높아질수록 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 오리나무 줄기 추출물은 치주질환 원인균인 P. gingivalis KCTC5352에 대한 항균활성과 생물막 생성 억제능이 우수하기 때문에 천연물유래 구강건강소재로써 이용 가능성이 높을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한치과의료관리학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare the number of bacteria before and after the use of surface disinfectants, demonstrate the bactericidal effect of surface disinfectants, and emphasize on the importance of surface disinfectants by recognizing the importance of infection control in dentistry. Chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, and chemical disinfectants are commonly used in dentistry. NaOCl was selected as the experimental group, and the bacterium test results obtained by comparing the table without surface sterilization as a control group showed that all disinfectants had an effective bactericidal effect (p<0.05). In the growth inhibition test comparing the experimental and control groups, all results were 100%, proving the effectiveness of surface disinfectants. The results showed that all surface disinfectants preferred and used by medical institutions were effective. Therefore, all surface disinfectants used in the experimental group were effective for surface disinfection for infection control. Dental clinicians should be aware of the necessity of disinfection of surfaces, such as table, chairs, and unit chairs, and make an active effort to ensure that both clinicians and patients are safe from infection.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.399-408
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• 2019

미백 성분으로 사용되는 알부틴은 피부질환 및 발암물질로 알려진 히드로퀴논을 생성할 수 있으며, 살균보존제는 화장품을 장기간 보관 및 사용 중 미생물의 오염을 방지하기 위해 필수적이기는 하지만 독성 및 피부 자극 등 안전성의 문제가 제기되고 있다. 이번 연구에서는 온·오프라인으로 판매되는 알부틴 함유 미백 기능성화장품 40건을 대상으로 히드로퀴논과 살균보존제 21종에 대하여 함량 및 사용실태를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 히드로퀴논은 9건이 검출 되었으며, 이 중 7건에서 0.3 ~ 0.9 ppm으로 식품의약품안전처에서 설정한 기준에 적합하였으나, 2건에서는 8.4 ppm, 50.5 ppm으로 검출이 되어 기준을 초과하였다. 살균보존제는 40건 중 20건에서 검출되었으며, 검출 항목 및 범위는 페녹시에탄올 0.1 ~ 0.7% (15건), 메틸파라벤 0.19 ~ 0.21% (2건), 클로르페네신 0.13% (1건), 클로르헥시딘 0.006%(1건), 프로필파라벤 0.06% (1건) 로 모두 기준 이내로 검출되었다. 또한 화장품 중 기능성 화장품의 경우 화장품법에 의하여 1차 또는 2차 포장에 기능성 화장품이라는 단어를 표기해야 하지만 40건 중 1건에서 표기가 되어 있지 않았다. 실험 결과 살균보존제는 안전하게 관리 되는 것으로 판단되지만, 히드로퀴논이 검출된 제품은 알부틴이 분해되어 생성되었다고 사료 되어 알부틴의 분해에 대한 추가적 연구 및 품질관리의 개선이 요구된다.