• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.104-125
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the anti-microbial of various herbal extracts on six types of bacteria related to skin diseases and effects of Saussurea lappa extract on dermatitis and acne. The results are followed ; 1. In the experiment on P. acnes using paper disk methods, Eugenia caryophyllata extract made 19mm clear zone, Saussurea lappa extract and Morus alba extract made 13mm and MIC of Morus alba extract and Eugenia caryophyllata extract was below 0.01$\%$. 2. In the experiment on S. aureus, extract of Eugenia caryophyllata, Poncirus trifoliata and Rubus coreanus made 9-10mm clear zone. 3. In the experiment on C. xerosis, Sesamum indicum extract made 16mm clear zone and MIC of that was 0.3$\%$. 4. In the experiment on C. albicans, extract of Cinnamomum cassia, Eugenia caryophyllata and Asparagus cochinchinensis made 9-10mm clear zone. 5. In the experiment on P. ovale, Cinnamomum cassia extract made 25mm clear one, MIC of that was 0.05$\%$. 6. In the experiment on T. mentagrophytes, Cinnamomum cassia extract made 26mm clear zone, extract of Eugenia caryophyllata, Rhizoma kaempferiae, Piper longum, Saussurea lappa and Zingiber officinale made 18-22mm clear zone, MIC of all extracts was below 0.02$\%$. 7. Saussurea lappa extract inhibited 85$\%$ and 28$\%$ of NO production at 50㎍／㎖ and 5 ㎍／㎖ 8. Saussurea lappa extract inhibited activity of COX Ⅱ over 50$\%$ at 10㎍／㎖ 9. Saussurea lappa extract had not radical scavenging activity and Saussurea lappa extract didn't inhibit manifestation of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$, and activity of 50- reductase I.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.764-773
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• 1996

The mutan containing $\alpha$-1,3 bond is an insoluble portion of glucan which is the main component of dental plaque. The secretion of mutanase was assessed with mutan-digesting Streptomyces isolated from soil, and the factors affecting its activity was studied, obtaining the following result. Mutan-digesting Streptomyces was identified as Streptomyces exfoliatus by its characteristics. The effect of dextranase was identified on the media containing blue dextran. A clear zone was produced by Streptomyces exfoliatus on the media containing blue mutan, so showing the secretion of mutanase. A clear zone was significantly produced on the media overlayed with agar containing blue mutan. A clear zone was produced at 2 days after the inoculation of Streptomyces exfoliatus on the media containing below a concentration of 0.025% glucose, at 3 days on the media containing 0.05 % glucose, and at 4 days on the media containing 0.1 % glucose. Mutan-digestion wasn't appeared early by adding other carbohydrates. The higher concentration of peptone, the later appearance of clear zone was on the media containing below a concentration of 0.1 % peptone. These results indicated that the secretion of mutanase was identified from mutan-digesting Streptomyces on the media containing blue mutan, and a clear zone was appeared lately on the media containing higher amount of glucose.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.225-231
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activities of ethanol extracts (70%, v/v) from Whole, Root and Leaf stem part of dried Zostera marina. In order to use Zostera marina extract as a basic material of cosmetic component. The extracts of Zostera marina conducted an antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Propionibacterium acnes by disc diffusion method and measure clear zone. As a result, clear zone(mm) of Staphylococcus epidermidis was confirmed at $13.00{\pm}0.50mm$ and Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa have measured $11.75{\pm}0.25mm$, $12.00{\pm}0.50mm$, $12.25{\pm}0.25mm$ from Root extract part of Zostera marina. A Zostera marina extract is expectied to have antimicrobial effects.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2012

In one-stage transanal endorectal pull-through operation (TERPT) for Hirschsprung disease, preoperative evaluation by contrast enema (CE) is important tool in aspect of planning of surgical procedure as well as diagnosis. This study was to evaluate the significance of CE for identifying the extent of aganglionic bowel. A retrospective analysis was performed in 40 patients who underwent TERPT between 2003 and 2011. The authors reviewed the CE studies and their correlation with pathologic extent of aganglionosis. Total 66 contrast enemas were performed in 40 patients. Twenty patients underwent single CE, but 20 patients required multiple CEs. In single CE group, 17 had clear radiographic transition zone, but 3 had less definite transition zone. In multiple CE group, 17 patients who had equivocal finding in first or second CE had definite radiographic transition zone, but 3 patients of this group had less definite radiographic transition zones. Overall, 34 patients (85%)had clear radiographic transition zone by single or repeated CE. One (2.9%) out of 34 patients with clear radiographic transition zone had discordance between radiographic and pathologic transition zone. In contrast 4 (66.7%) out of 6 patients with equivocal radiographic transition zone had discordance between radiographic and pathologic transition zone. Observation of clear radiographic transition zone is important in preparation of TERPT, and repeated CE is helpful to reduce the discordance between radiographic and pathologic transition zone. Awareness of the possibility of discordance is also important if radiographic transitional zone is not clear.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.69-73
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity Xanthium strumarium L. extract against bacteria causing eye disease and to examine the possibility as a natural preservative on behalf of synthetic preservatives which are added to the contact lens solution. Methods: Antibacterial activity of Xanthium strumarium L. extract against the bacteria causing eye disease was assessed using agar diffusion method, and determined by whether clear zone was formed around paper disc and in terms of the size(mm) of clear zone.Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used in the study. Results: Xanthium strumarium L. extract provided activity against Staphylococcus aureus KCCM 40050 in a concentration of $1000{\mu}g/20{\mu}l$with an clear zone of 11.5 mm. Moreover, Xanthium strumarium L. extract showed an activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCCM 11803 in a concentration of $1000{\mu}g/20{\mu}l$with an clear zone of 9.0 mm, and against Pseudomonas fluorescens KCCM 40223 with an clear zone of 7.0 mm. Conclusions: Antibacterial activity of Xanthium strumarium L. extract against the bacteria causing eye disease was proved. This result suggests that Xanthium strumarium L. extract can be a potential natural preservative, which is added to contact lens solution.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.100-107
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of Saussurea lappa for the applications of herb-based extracts to both cosmetic and medicinal industries. Methods : Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Saussutes lappa (ESL) was assessed using agar diffusion and broth dilution methods, and determined by whether clear zone was formed around paper disc and in terms of the size (mm) of clear zone, Results : ESL provided activity against Staphylococcus aureus KCTC 1927 in concentration of 1 mg/ml with an clear zone of 16 mm, and showed an activity against Staphylococcus epidermids KCTC 1917 in concentration of 1 mg/ml with an clear zone of 18mm. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ESL against S. sureus and S. epidermidls were 1 mg/ml for both bacterial species. However, ESL showed no growth inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC 12513, Enterobactet aerogenes KCTC 2190, Escherichia coli KCTC 2571, Salmonella typhimurium KCTC 1925 and Propionibacterium acnes KCCM 41747. Conclusions : Antibacterial activity of ESL against Staphylococcus sureus and Staphylococcus epidermids causing eye and skin diseases was proved. The result suggest that ESL may be useful as a natural preservative on behalf of synthetic preservatives.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1999

Korean native plants and naturalized plants were analyzed for allelochemicals, and their antimicrobial effects were studied. The difference in soluble solid contents between Korean native plants and naturalized species was not significant, and the Korean native plant, Solanum nigrum showed the highest soluble solid content of 90 mg/ml. The ethanol extract of the Korean native plant, Solanum nigrum showed antifungal activity to Aspergillus phoenicis KCTC 1228, with a clear zone of 18 mm, and spore formation was not observed from the treatment. The naturalized plants Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior and Erigeron canadensis showed inhibition of spore formation and the clear zones were at 24 mm and 22 mm, respectively. The clear zones of Aspergillus phoenicis KCTC 1228 treated with ethanol extrats of Phytolacca americana and Rudbeckia bicolor were 22 mm and 19 mm, respectively, and spore formation was observed from the treatment. The Korean native plant, Solanum nigrum and naturalized plants, Phytolacca americana and Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus sphiaericus 2362, and Bacillus sphiaericus 2297, Bacillus thuringiensis var. subtilis and Baicillus thuringiensis var. cereus. The antimicrobial activity of Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior showed the largest clear zone of 32 mm against Bacillus thuringiensis var. subtilis. In general, the more soluble the solid contents of the extracts, the greater were the antifungal and antimicrobial activities. The phenolic compounds from the Korean native plant, Solanum nigrum and the naturalized species, Phytolacca americana and Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Three phenolic compounds including hydroquinone were identified in Solanum nigrum. In contrast, five and seven phenolic compounds were identified in Phytolacca americana and Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior, respectively. The antifungal activity against Aspergillus phoenicis KCTC 1228 was found to be due to the coumaric and benzoic compounds.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2001

To study the availability of the Korean Atractylodes japonica Koidz. as ingredients for functional flood, functional properties of solvent extracts were investigated and the results were followed. Yield was 14.8% by ethanol extraction of fresh Korean A. Japonica and 17.7% by water fraction. Acetone extract and butanol fraction showed stronger activity of the hydrogen donating activities, each of 72.9% and 74.2%, respectively, in fresh Korean A. japonica and methanol extract and butanol fraction showed stronger activity of the nitrite scavenging effects, each of 95.0% and 79.2%. in fresh Korean A. japonica. Among the solvent extacts from fresh Korean a. japonica, extract by methanol showed strong antimicrobial activity in which clear zone showed 20 mm for Bacillus subtilis and 19 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Butanol fraction derived from methanol extract showed moderate antimicrobial activity : 18 mm clear zone for Bacillus subtilis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of methanol extract and butanol fraction were about 2 mg/disc and 4 mg/disc against gram(+) bacteria and 6 mg/disc against gram(-) bacteria, respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.129-133
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• 1978

A plating technique was devised to screen for high producing cellulase mutants of Trichoderma viride. The method employs: 1) The use of deoxycholate to limit colony size and 2) saponin to enhance cellulase detection in combiantion with rice straw pulp and pure cellulose on agar plate. The method will be used to isolate constitutive cellulase mutants of Trichoderma viride and should prove useful for isolating high producing mutants from a range of organisms.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.268-272
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• 2006

Antibacterial, antifungal, and Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum and F. tataricum) hydrolyzed by Viscozyme L and Alcalase 2.4 L were investigated. The Alcalase 2.4L-hydrolyzed buckwheat showed highest yield of 22.10-24.65%. F. esculentum hydrolysate treated with Viscozyme L from Salmonella typhimurium (clear zone: 3-4.7 mm) and Listeria monocytogenes (clear zone: 4-7.2 mm) showed highest antimicrobial activity among enzymes used. F. esculentum hydrolysate treated with Trichoderma reesei showed strongest antifungal activity among enzymes used (clear zone: 3.7-12 mm). Alcalase 2.4L-hydrolyzed F. esculentum and F. tataricum showed strong ACE inhibitory activities (61.19% and 94.48%, respectively).