• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2005

The present study was conducted to compare antioxidant activity of Cuscutae Semen, Psoraleae Fructus, Cnidii Fructus and Epimedii Herba by DPPH radical scavenging activity. The extract was studied using diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) for DPPH method. DPPH radical scavenging activity was measured after. .10, 20 and 30 minutes. The extract was tested by 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and $1000{\mu}g/ml$ concentrations. The results showed that the extract scavenged DPPH radical with time-dependent manner. Also, the extract showed dose-dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity. The extract of Cuscutae Semen, Psoraleae Fructus, Cnidii Fructus and Epimedii Herba scavenged DPPH radical with the IC50 being 2.7, 3.2, 2.9 and 1.1 mg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, the extract of Epimedii Herba, Cuscutae Semen, Cnidii Fructus and Psoraleae Fructus have antioxidant activity for the treatment of male sterility.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2020

When extracting semi-volatile components of herbal medicines using hot water vapor, some substances may react with water vapor or oxygen, and some volatile substances may be lost, when using an organic solvent extraction method has the disadvantage that it may contain a non-volatile material and residual organic solvent. In addition, it is inefficient to separate semi-volatile substances from herbal medicines into each single component and conduct biological activity research for each component to determine the effective ingredient, and some components may be lost in the separation process. In this study, semi-volatile substances evaporated under two pressure-reduced conditions in Chinese herbal medicines such as Cnidii Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix and Amomum Fructus were separated by cooling with liquid nitrogen. Those were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the components, and this method may be used to study biological activities at the cellular level. The substances separated under reduced pressure, essential oil obtained by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) method and substances by using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) from Cnidii Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix and Amomum Fructus were analyzed by GC-MS. In the case of Cnidii Rhizoma and Aucklandiae Radix, there were some differences among the essential oil components obtained by SDE and those identified by low temperature capture (CT) and SPME method, these were believed to be produced by some volatiles reacting with water or oxygen at the boiling point temperature of water.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.167-174
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• 2001

According to the literatual study on the external treatment of premature ejaculation, the results were as follows. 1. Linition is inunction glans penis after infiltrate ASARI HERBA CUM RADICE(細辛), CARYOPHYLLI FLOS(丁香), CHEBULAE FRUCTUS(訶子), PAPAVERIS FRUCTUS(罌粟殼), FOSSILIA OSSIS MASTODI(龍骨), OSTREAE CONCHA(牡蠣 in oenostagma. 2. Retrojection or hypoatmism method is boiling CHINENSIS GALLA(五倍子), CNIDII FRUCTUS(蛇牀子) and hypoatmism, down temperature infiltrate glans penis. 3. Mesompharion apposition method is calorization VESPAE NIDUS(露蜂房), ANGELICAE DAHARICAE RADIX(白芷), and utilization vineger apposite mesompharion. 4. Medicament belt method is belt on lumbus and bythus by ROSAE LAEVIGATAE FRUCTUS(金櫻子), EURYALES SEMEN, OSTREAE CONCHA(牡蠣), TRIBULI FRUCTUS, AIPINIAE OXYPHYLLAE FRUCTUS(益智仁), NELUMBINIS SEMEN(蓮子肉) Powders. 5. Enema is injection in the rectum ANGELICAE GIGANTIS RADIX(當歸) effusion. 6. Much utilization agent are ASARI HERBA CUM RADICE(細辛), CHINENSIS GALLA(五倍子), OSTREAE CONCHA(牡蠣), CNIDII FRUCTUS(蛇床子), GRANATI PERICARPIUM(石榴皮), CARYOPHYLLI FLOS(丁香), CHEBULAE FRUCTUS(訶子), FOSSILIA OSSIS MASTODI(龍骨), VESPAE NIDUS(露蜂房), PAPAVERIS FRUCTUS(罌粟殼) etc. They are occupied in adstringentia, juventia, divergence agent, liver stabilizer agent.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.112-118
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• 1979

21 herbal drugs registered in K.P. III were tested for contamination of fungi and isolation of aflatoxin producible strains. Initially contaminated fungi were Aspergillus group (41.28%) and Penicillium (47.26%) and the other fungi were contaminated somewhat. The most frequent isolation of Aspergillus group was Cnidii Rhizoma and that of Penicillium was Piperis Fructus nigri. Cnidii Rhizoma was the most contaminated drug and Cassiae Cortex was the least among them. Aspergillus flavus was isolated from 10 samples and Aspergillus parasiticus was detected in Glycyrrhizae Radix, Phellodendri Cortex. Aspergillus ochraceus was isolated from only Scutelariae Radix, and Fusarium nivale was isolated from Cnidii Rhizoma and Torreya Semen. None of Aspergillus and Penicillium was detected in only Coptidis Rhizoma. No strains of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus isolated from were produced aflatoxin.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.111-116
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to estimate the antioxidant activity of water extract of Cnidii Fructus (CF) and Torilis Fructus (TF) in Leydig cells. Methods : Free radical scavenging activity of CF and TF against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was determined spectrophotometrically. We investigated the effect of CF and TF in Leydig cells by MTT assay. The protective effects of CF and TF against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in Leydig cells. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activity assays were performed in Leydig cells. Results : The results showed that CF scavenged DPPH radical in a dose-dependent manner by up to 81.2%, TF scavenged DPPH radical in a dose-dependent manner by up to 63.8%. CF showed cell viability as 121.0, 132.7, 126.6% in 5, 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentrations. TF showed cell viability as 127.5, 111.8% in 5, $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentraions, respectively. The hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity of Leydig cells were protected to 86.3% by CF at concentration of $10{\mu}g/ml$ and protected to 83.5% by TF at concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. Both CF and TF at all concentrations, SOD activity was not significantly changed. Catalase activity was significantly increased at 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentrations of CF, respectively. TF's catalase activity showed no significant difference from that of the control. Conclusions : These results suggest that CF, as an antioxidant, protects Leydig cells in hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. know that "Kwangjebikeup" played a role in settlement and spreading of foreign knowledge to civilians.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.400-405
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• 2015

Background : As the characterization of medicinal plants is an important aspect of traditional Asian herbal medicine, this study examines the morphological and anatomical characteristics in four fructus form medicinally important plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. Methods and Results : Fruit morphology of four genera was examined using microtome sections and light microscopy. The Anethi Fructus, Anethum graveolens (Siraja) has unique wing-like and membranous lateral ribs that are, approximately $500{\mu}m$ wide. The Coriandri Fructus, Coriandrum sativum (Hoyuja) does not have oil ducts at the dorsal region of the mericarp and differs in the development of the dorsal ribs. The ribs appear upon drying and therefore, consist of primary and secondary ribs. The Foeniculi Fructus, Foeniculum vulgare (Hoehyang) characteristically develops three dominant dorsal ribs and has a strong aromatic fragrance. Finally, the Cnidii Fructus, Torilis japonica (Sasangja) has many oil ducts at the dorsal and carpophores regions and develops many hooked trichomes one the fructus surface. Conclusions : We conclude from this study that each plant has several prominent and distinguishing morphological and anatomical characteristics. Therefore, fruit morphology is very useful for identifying these medicinal plants. In addition, the correct use and herbal name need to be standardized for plants used traditionally in Asian medicine within Korea, China, and Japan.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48
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• pp.79-95
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• 2003

To clarify the botanical origins of oriental medicines which have been argued or confused for plant origins, species of original plants were investigated through the textural research for oriental medicines and the comparison of Chinese, Korean, Japanese and North Korean Pharmacopoeia. Twenty oriental medicines were studied; Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Rhei Rhizoma, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, Acanthopanacis Cortex, Osterici Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Saposhnikovae Radix, Magnoliae Cortex, Paeoniae Radix, Liriopis Tuber, Zanthoxyli Fructus, Achyranthis Radix, Sinomeni Caulis et Rhizoma, Polygonati Rhizoma, Cinnamomi Cortex, Visci Herba et Loranthi Ramulus, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus, Pogostemonis Herba, and Curcumae Longae Radix.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.113-160
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• 1996

Cancer is one of the most important cause of death. So recently, investigation of cancer progress prosperously all over the world. Cancer in the present medicine correspond to You-Am, Sin-Am, Young-Soon, Sel-Gyun, Sil-Young, Young-Lyoo, Seg-Je, Seg-Young, Seg-Ha, Jerk-Chui(積聚), Jing-Ha, Oel-Gyek, Ban-Oui, Bi-Gi, Bok-Lyang, Jang-Dan, Hyen-Bek in the oriental medicine. Among these, generally Jerk-Chui(積聚) is expressed to cancer. So to develop of new drugs of cancer in the present medicine, bibliographic investigation of mass-prescriptions was studied in the oriental medicine-books. According to the bibliographic study of Jerk-Chui-prescriptions, the results run as follows. 1. According to the analyses of three hundred sixty eight Jerk-Chui-prescriptions in the twenty-seven kinds of literature, the frequency number of the used drugs were Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride 140 times, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 135 times, Rhizoma Scirpi 124 times, Radix Aucklandie 115 times, Rhizoma Zedoariae 114 times, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis 111 times, Radix Glycyrrhizae 106 times, Rhizoma Zingiberis 100 times, Rhizoma Coptidis 94 times, Radix Ginseng 93 times, Poria 86 times, Rhizoma Pinelliae 85 times, Semen Arecae 83 times, Rhizoma Cyperi 82 times, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 80 times, Rhizoma Atractylodis 74 times, Massa Fermentata Medisinalis 67 times, Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei 66 times, Fructus Aurantii 62 times, Fructus Hordei Genninatus 55 times, Conex Cinnamomi 54 times, Fructus Evodiae 51 times, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 49 times, Fructus Crataegi 49 times, Rhizoma Cnidii 46 times, Radix Platycodi 44 times, Semen Tiglii 44 times, Radix Aconiti 43 times, Fructus Amoni 38 times, Semen Raphani 37 times, Radix Aconiti Praeparata 36 times, Radix Scutellariae 35 times, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli 35 times, Rhizoma Corydalis 33 times, Rhizoma Acori Graminei 31 times, Carapax Amydae 31 times, Fructus Foeniculi 31 times, Semen Persicae 30 times, Radix Bupleuri 30 times. 2. The frequency number of the most imponant used drugs in the Jerk-Chui-prescriptions were Rhizoma Coplidis 41 times, Rhizoma Scirpi 35 times, Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei 31 times, Pericarpium Citri Reticuiatae 30 times, Rhizoma Zedoariae 27 times, Rhizoma Cyperi 22 times, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis 22 times, Rhizoma Atraclylodis 22 times, Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride 21 times, Rhizoma Pinelliae 20 times, Semen Arecae 20 times, Fructus Crataegi 18 times, Rhizoma Zingiberis 17 times, Carapax Amydae 16 times, Semen Pharbitidis 13 times, Poria 12 times, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 times, Semen Persicae 10 times, Fructus Evodiae 10 times, Radix Aeoniti 10 times, Radix Glycyrrhizae 9 times, Massa Fennenlata Medisinalis 9 times, Fructus Aurantii 9 times, Fructus Hordei Genninatus 8 times, Radix Aueklandie 8 times, Rhizoma Atractylodis 8 times, Radix Bupleuri 8 times, Radix Ginseng 7 times, Semen Raphani 7 times, Radix Astragali 7 times, Cortex Cinnamomi 6 times, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 6 times, Rhizoma Cnidii 6 times, Radix Aconiti Praeparata 5 times, Fructus Foeniculi 5 times, Lacca Sinica Exsiccata 5 times, Radix Aconiti 5 times, Rhizoma Zingiberis 5 times. 3. The clinical-botanic classifications of the used drugs in the Jerk-Chui-prescriptions were regulating the flow of Qi drugs, warm-heating drugs, promoting blood circulation drugs, killing mass drugs, resolving drugs, purgative drugs, Qi and blood tonics drugs, heat clearing drugs, removing dampness by promoting diures is drugs, phlegm eliminating drugs, allaying pain drugs. 4. According to the nature and taste in the drugs, warm and heating recipes were used most, heatclearing recipes were used a few times assistantly. 5. The Jerk-Chui-prescription used frequently was Bun-Don-Tang, which was used 13 times ; Bok-Oyang-Hoan 12 times, Bi-Gi-Hoan(肥氣丸) 12 times, Sik-Boon-Hoan 12 times, A-Uie-Hoan 12 times, Bi-Gi-Hoan 12 times, Dai-Cil-Gi-Tang 8 times, San-Cuie-Tang 8 times, Guye-Gyen-Tang 6 times, On-Baig-Won 5 times, So-Jek-Jeng-Ouen-San 5 times, Jin-In-Hoa-Cel-Tang 5 times, Byel-Gab-San 5 times, Sng-Hong-Hoan 5 times, Ji-Sil-San 4 times, So-A-Oie-Hoan 4 times, Hyang-Rng-Hoan 4 times.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.848-859
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• 2005

The following conclusions are drawn, through studying of referring literature, of contents of the prescription and of clinical applications in Hyungsang Medicine. Insamyangyung-tang(인삼양영탕) was appeared first in Taepunghyemin-whajegugbang(태평혜민화제국방) which was written by Jin and others at Song Dynasty. This prescription is applied to senility and long lasting weakness, little strength of spleen and lung(비폐기허), and insufficiency of blood. The Insamyangyung-tang is composed of medical stuffs which Rhizoma Cnidii is taken out from Sipjiendaebotang and Pericarpium Citri Nobilis, Fructus Schizandrae, Radix Polygalae are added to it. This prescription is used in China up to the present. In korea, according to Donguibogam, Rhizoma Cnidii and Poria are taken out from Sipjiendaebotang and Pericarpium Citri Nobilis, Fructus Schizandrae, Radix Polygalae are added to it, and Ramulus Cinnamomi is changed to Cortex Cinnamomi, and also Radix Ledebouriellae is newly added to it. This is reorganized to fit for Korean physical conditions and to be useful for deficiency of blood, and also to be efficacious for coming and going of chillness and fever and running with sweat due to weakness of Liver. In the point of view of Hyunsang medicine, Insamyangyung-tang is applied to shapes and symptoms as follows : This prescription becomes more efficacious to women than to men. At the age of fifties when liver grows weak it effects a cure. It takes effect to the shape of going easily into the deficiency of blood, that is, to the Hyul Kwa with an oval face. It effects a cure on the man who has wrinkles on the bridge of the nose, who has marks of being choked up on the central area between two brows, or who has distinctive size of eyes and nose. It is efficacious against symptoms which are to be exhausted, to be weak, to lose flesh, to be coming and going of chillness and fever and running with sweat.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.9-14
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• 2013

Objectives : Cnidii Fructus is prescribed as the fruit of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson or Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. in Korea pharmacopoeia. Although there are differences in the composition of useful components, two species have been used without distinction. In order to discriminate them, DNA sequencing and taste pattern analysis were used in this study. Methods : Primers ITS 1 and ITS 4 were used to amplify the intergenic transcribed spacer(ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA from seven T. japonica and six C. monnieri samples. Taste pattern of samples were measured by using taste-sensing system SA402B equipped with five foodstuff sensors(CT0, C00, AAE, CA0, and AE1). The five initial taste(sourness, bitterness, astringency, umami, and saltiness) and three aftertaste(aftertaste of bitterness, astringency, and umami) of two species were compared. Results : According to the results of ITS region sequence analysis, two species showed 94 base pairs differences. The similarity of two sequences was 85%. From the taste pattern analysis, sourness, bitterness, aftertaste of bitterness(aftertaste-B), and umami showed a different pattern. Especially, bitterness and aftertaste-B of C. monnieri were significantly higher than T. japonica. In addition, two species were shown to have two markedly different clustering by these two flavors. Conclusion : T. japonica and C. monnieri were effectively discriminated using DNA sequencing and taste pattern analysis. These methods can be used to identify the origin of traditional medicine in order to maintain therapeutic efficacy.