• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2012

A coastal flood area was predicted using the empirical superposition of the typhoon surge level and typhoon wave height along the Busan coastal area. The historical typhoon damages were reviewed, and the coastal topography was measured using VRS-GPS. A FEMA formula was applied to estimate the coastal flood area in a typhoon case when the measured and predicted data of typhoon waves are not available. The results in the area of Haeundae beach and Gwangalli beach were verified using the flood area data from the case of Typhoon Maemi (2003). If a Hurricane Katrina class typhoon were to pass through the Maemi trajectory, the areathat would be flooded along theBusan coastal area was predicted and compared with the results of the Maemi case. Because of the lack of ocean environment data such as data for the sea level, waves, bathymetry, wind, pressure, etc., it is hard to improve the prediction accuracy for the coastal flood area in the typhoon case, which could be reflected in the policy to mitigate a typhoon's impact. This paper discusses the kinds of ocean environment information that is needed to predict a typhoon's impact with better accuracy.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.81-104
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• 2014

This study aimed to suggest the directions for the landscape protection of Sindu-ri coastal dune based on its ecological system. The study investigated ecological systems of the coastal dune followed by damage causes of coastal dune according to the land use change, and landscape value of coastal dune in the study area. In order to construct causal-effect feedback loop, systems thinking was performed. Result of this study showed that the area of coastal dune and the amount of sand are maintained by the interaction with sand beach while they are affected by wind direction, wind speed, and dune plants. It was also found that the changes of land use pattern, increasing commercial area, and planted windbreak forest damaged to the coastal dune. In addition, size of coastal dune and growing number of dune plants increased landscape value of coastal dune and tourist draw. However increasing tourists have constantly affected land use changes and have damaged to coastal dune area. In sum, planning for land use regulation, rest-year system areas, promotion and education for coastal dune, dune plants protection, and windbreak management should be taken into account for landscape protection in coastal dune.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.411-420
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• 1998

To estimate the dispersion coefficients in a coastal area with complex topography, several schemes using empirical equations expressed with and in lateral and vertical directions, respectively have been examined. Estimation results using these equations and meteorological data obtained from SODAR system were compared' with previously measured dispersion coefficients in other coastal areas. Validations of estimation results have been performed by comparing the measured concentrations with predicted ones empolying in Boryung coastal area. Important conclusions were drawn as follows; (1) Variations of lateral and vertical wind direction revealed different height dependency in upper and lower mixed boundary layer. (2) Because of turbulent constraint effect by large water body in a coastal region, the lateral and the vertical dispersion coefficients were smaller than those of P-G system. (3) As a result of examining the performance measure of these schemes through checking of coincidence between measured and predicted concentrations, vertical dispersion coefficients were smaller than those of P-G system, and the Cramer scheme was found to be more appropriate rather than others in the coastal area surrounding Boryung power plant.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.1014-1018
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• 2001

Pigs respond to extreme temperature (very cold or hot) by physiological and nutritional adjustments. Yet little is known about the effects of different environmental temperature (thermoneutral in the highland area, and hot temperature in the coastal area) where pigs are maintained on the performance of the pigs. Ten pigs each (10 pairs of littermates) were assigned to two treatments (2 locations): highland area (control=CA) or coastal area (hot/heat stress=HS). Experimental design was Paired 't' test. HS pigs had higher average daily water intake (p<0.05) compared to CA pigs (6,05 vs 3.89 kg/d), CA pigs had higher feed intake compared to HS pigs (2.9 vs 1.95 kg/d, p<0,05). CA pigs had higher daily gain compared to HS pigs (0.72 vs 0.58 kg/d, p<0.05). Feed conversion was not significantly different between CA pigs and HS pigs. The digestibility of dry matter, N, Na, K, Mg, CI, Ca and P was not significantly affected by the treatments. High environmental temperature in the coastal area (heat stress) increased water intake, decreased voluntary feed intake and daily gain of the pigs. The results demonstrate that different environmental temperature in the coastal area (heat stress) and highland area (control) had no pronounced effect on digestibility of nutrients.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1918-1925
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• 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of biogas slurry application on biomass production and the silage quality of corn. Methods: A field experiment was conducted in which corn was grown using different biogas slurry application rates. The effect of 25% to 500% biogas slurry nitrogen replacement (T1 to T14) on the yield and quality indices of corn were studied by field plot experiments. Results: The results revealed that biogas slurry application improved the stem diameter and relative feed value of corn silage in treatments T13 and T11. Moreover, the fermentation quality of corn silage was improved due to an increase in lactic acid content; in comparison with the chemical synthetic fertilizer (CF) group. The crude protein contents of corn silage had no obvious change with increasing biogas slurry application. However, the forage quality index of acid detergent fiber was decreased (p<0.05) in the T11 group compared with the CF group. In addition, higher (p<0.05) 30 h in vitro dry matter digestibility and 30 h in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility were observed in the T11 and T13 groups than in the CF group. Conclusion: Based on these results, it was concluded that the optimum biogas slurry application rate for corn was approximately 350% to 450% biogas slurry nitrogen replacement under the present experimental conditions.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.269-273
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between nutrients and phytoplankton. This study was done by the comparison to two costal areas Mokpo, which inflow fresh water, and Wando. In August, salinity of the sea water decreased by 3.5-4.5%o in Mokpo coastal area, but was not nearly decreased in Wando coastal area. This suggests a lot of fresh water inflow in Mokpo coastal area. DIN and DIP were decreased by water temperature increasing in Wando. However, in Mokpo, DIN and DIP were increased greatly during the summer season. Nitrogen was limited to a 10 NIP ratio especially during the summer season in Wando coastal area while phosphorus in Mokpo coastal area was limited with over 28 N/P ratio in all the seasons. Coefficient of determination$(r^2)$ between DIP and Chl.-a was 0.91 in Mokpo coastal area. On the other hand, Coefficient of determination$(r^2)$ between Chl.-a and DIN, DIP were 0.93 and 0.89, respectively, in Wando coastal area. These results suggest DIP in Mokpo and DIN and DIP in Wando might be limited at the increase of phytoplankton.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.5-23
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the land-use changes in the coastal areas using system dynamics modeling and to provide directions for effective management to maintain coastal dune areas. This research process consists of four steps: First, we built the basic model based on the causal loop diagram which was analyzed the land-use change of Sindu-ri Coastal Dune. Second, a time series land-use change map using Arc Map was established. Third, the validity of the basic model was tested. Finally, three simulations were performed for the cut over area($100,000m^2/y$, $150,000m^2/y$, $200,000m^2/y$) of windbreak for maintaining the coastal dune areas. Simulation of the basic model showed that the area of the coastal dune will be consistently decreased. Based on the simulation, if windbreak were cut down $150,000m^2/y$, windbreak area will be restored to the target area in 2019. This study has the limitation which the simulation is progressed with a limited variable: area. Therefore, the modeling of coastal dune should be reflected various variables in the further study.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2000

This study presents an investigation of the changes that have occurred in the coastal ocean area of Kwangyang Bay located in the South Coastal region of Korea using remote sensing data based on Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) multispectral digital data from 1988 and 1996. The coastal changes were detected using the digital histogram method and vector trace method. All the images were preprocessed, i.e. geometrically corrected, before the training set selection. when comparing the histograms of 7-band TM data, it was found that the band 5 image exhibited two critical Digital Number(DN) peaks, thereby indicating new coastal water and coastal land data. Based on this information, the coastal ocean area of the band 5 image was calculated using the vector tracing method supported by a CAD program. The result shows that the coastal ocean area decreased by about 5 % between 1988 to 1994. Accordingly, this gives a strong indication that the continuing land development will have a serious impact on the ecosystem of Kwangyang Bay.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.17-20
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• 2002

The environmental tracers of $^3$H and NO$_3$ were investigated in terms of vertical connections between basaltic aquifers and underlying sedimentary formations of Seoguipo formation that is not found in eastern coastal area and U formation. In western coastal area, $^3$H shows values less than 0.5TU In the wells completed in Seoguipo formation whereas it is greater than 2TU in other area. For the wells in western area, NO$_3$ concentrations are below background level though the nearby land uses are mainly agricultural. The groundwater heads are much lower in eastern coastal area than western area in spite that recharge rate of eastern area is 1.7 times higher than that of western area. The basaltic aquifer is thicker by 70m in eastern coastal area than in western coastal area, which is insufficient to explain much lower groundwater heads in eastern area. These hydrogeological characteristics suggest that for the basaltic aquifers, the Seoguipo formation acts as a lower boundary which could limit downward groundwater flow in basaltic aquifers whereas the U formation is unlikely.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.335-343
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• 2003

Currently serious conflicts of interests are arisen for the use of coastal area in Korea. However, there no mediation program, mediators' consistent policies and reasonable laws to resolve conflict of interests which may be arisen when developing coastal area. The objective of this study is to lay the evaluation criteria for the formalized objective evaluation among disputants of coastal conflicts for the better understanding and characterizing of coastal conflicts in Korea. In order to do so, this study has adopted for the extraction of the evaluation factors to describe the present conditions of conflicts in the selected study area(Sihwa lake), to analyze the problems, and then to explore alternative approaches for resolving the conflicts. As research methodologies, we have depended upon literature review and field survey methods. As field survey methods, we employed structured questionnaires for the various samples from the experts of research institutes, professors, representatives of NGOs and citizens. Survey results suggested that 5 representative elements comprising 35 detailed elements could be identified. Based on these results, this study was able to identify and classify the evaluation factors and help to resolve coastal conflicts in Korea.