• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.263-268
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• 1997

One of the principal causes of the deterioation of coastal concrete structures is the corrosion of reinforcing steel induced by the attack of chloride ions. An experimental study was performed to investigate the distribution of concentration of chloride ions in a coastal concrete structure and to measure the half-cell potential of embedded steel by using the copper-copper sulfate reference electrode. Quantitative analysis showed that the concentration of chloride ion in the aqueous phase near the surface of embedded steel exceeded a threshold value for corrosion, 0.05% by weight in concrete. The absolute value of half-cell potential at some members of embedded steel was measured to be higher than 350mV, indicating that the probability of corrosion is more than 90%. The prediction on corrosion based on the experimental measurements was confirmed by the observation of corrosion on the surface of steel bars in the concrete core taken out of the concrete structure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.945-950
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• 2000

Coastal concrete structure is harmed by physical and chemical action of sea water, impact load, meteorological effect and etc. especially, premature reinforcement corrosion in concrete exposed to sea water has an important problem. In this study, the behavior of chloride ions penetrated through the coastal concrete structure with ordinary portland cement or ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBFS) was modeled. The physicochemical processes including the diffusion of chloride and the chemical reaction of chloride ion with calcium silicate hydrate and the other constituents of hardened cement paste such as$C_3A$ and $C_4AF$were analyzed by using the Finite Element Method. From analysis result, the corrosion of concrete structure with GGBFS begins 1.69~1.76 times later than that of concrete structure with ordinary portland cement.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.153-154
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• 2009

This study examined the field applicability of promoted high durability concrete (PHDC) developed for improving the chloride penetration resistance of coastal landfill underground structures. PHDC was found superior to conventional concrete containing slag in watertightness, crack resistance, and chloride penetration resistance required in coastal landfill underground structures. It was also more workable in field application, and easier to control the quality. This study investigated the strength development, crack resistance, and chloride penetration resistance of PHDC, and performed life evaluation of underground concrete structures of coastal landfill using the Life 365 program.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.298-305
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the tensile bond characteristics of underwater coating materials, in order to obtain useful information in support of repair work for marine and coastal concrete structures. Test variables included type of underwater coating, surface conditions of the concrete substrate, and environmental conditions. Pull-off tensile bond strength was measured at 24 h after applying underwater coatings to concrete substrates, in compliance with the procedures specified in ASTM C1583. Failure modes (coating, interface, and parent concrete) for each coating were identified through visual inspection, and comparisons were made based on measured bond strength. The tensile bond strength decreased underwater compared to that under dry conditions, while no significant effect of surface roughness on the measured bond strength was observed in underwater tests. Key aspects that need to be considered regarding selection and use of underwater coating materials for marine and coastal concrete structures were discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.148-149
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• 2016

In this paper, the increase in chloride resistance of footing concrete at coastal area was evaluated by replacement of Mineral Admixture. In KBC 2009, the footing concrete's minimum specific concrete strength at coastal area is determined to 35MPa. However, this is criteria only based on the strength aspect. Thus, it is not considered to increase the chloride resistance by replacement of Mineral Admixture. According to the test results of chloride ions penetration resistance, 35MPa class concrete with OPC 100% shown inaccessible state. Low-strength (24~30MPa class) concretes with Mineral Admixture, however, presented better performances. In addition, chloride diffusion coefficient tests showed identical appearance. Therefore, the current KBC's chloride resistance criteria based on only concrete strength has to review for the reason it can cause many problems (ex. cost increases by growing concrete strength and the environmental issues by a lot of cement use).

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.663-683
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• 2014

In order to study the dynamic failure mechanism and aseismic measure for high concrete gravity dam under earthquake, the comparative models experiment on the shaking table was conducted to investigate the dynamic damage response of concrete gravity dam with and without the presence of reinforcement and evaluate the effectiveness of the strengthening measure. A new model concrete was proposed and applied for maintaining similitude with the prototype. A kind of extra fine wires as a substitute for rebar was embedded in four-points bending specimens of the model concrete to make of reinforced model concrete. The simulation of reinforcement concrete of the weak zones of high dam by the reinforced model concrete meets the similitude requirements. A tank filled with water is mounted at the upstream of the dam models to simulate the reservoir. The Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) that induces the first tensile crack at the head of dam is applied as the basic index for estimating the overload capacity of high concrete dams. For the two model dams with and without strengthening tested, vulnerable parts of them are the necks near the crests. The results also indicate that the reinforcement is beneficial for improving the seismic-resistant capacity of the gravity dam.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.265-277
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• 2005

This paper is focused on fractal analysis of the surface cracking, a new tool for safety evaluation of corroded reinforced concrete (RC) beams. Comprehensive experimental investigations, including flexural tests, coupon tests on strength evaluation of corroded concrete and rusty rebar, and pullout tests to determine bond strength between concrete and rebar were carried out on nine Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beams (CRCB) exposed to an aggressive environment for more than 10 years. In combination with test results from a previous study on CRCBs fabricated in the laboratory from accelerated methods, it is found that, for both types of beams, the surface cracking distributions are fractal in character at loading and failure stages. Fractal dimension is calculated for all specimens at different corrosion states based on fractal analysis method. Relationships between the fractal dimension and mechanical properties of corroded concrete, rebar corrosion ratio, and ductility of CRCBs are discussed in detail. It is concluded that the fractal dimension can act as a damage index and can be efficiently used to describe the corrosion state of CRCBs.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2011

The main objective of this investigation is to study size effect on compressive strength of CFRP confined concrete cylinders subjected to axial compressive loading. In total 24 concrete cylinders with different sizes were tested, small specimens with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 200 mm, medium specimens with a diameter of 200 mm and a height of 400 mm, and big specimens with a diameter of 300 mm and a height of 600 mm. The lateral confining pressure of each specimen is the same and from that hypothesis the small specimens were confined with one layer of CFRP, medium and big specimens were performed by two and three layers of CFRP respectively. Test results indicate a significant enhancement in compressive strength for all confined specimens, and moreover, the compressive strengths of small and medium specimens are almost the same while a bit lower for big specimens. These results permit to conclude that there is no size effect on compressive strength of confined specimens regardless of cylinder dimension.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2011

A major source of durability problems in concrete structures is the corrosion of steel by the damage of passivity layer around steel bars. As chloride ion penetration is major cause of the destruction of passivity layer, evaluation of depth and concentration profile of chloride ion is the essential factor for the service-life estimation of concrete structure. To estimate chloride ion penetration characteristics, this paper on the basis of in-situ experimental data investigated the depth and concentration profile of chloride ion penetration. The core specimens are obtained at air-zone, splash zone, and tidal zone in Wando, Masan, Incheon, Gwangyang, and donghae harbors. Colorimentric method measured the chloride ion penetration depth and ASTM C 114 evaluated the concentration profile of chloride ion. Based on experimental data, the influence of harbor location and exposure condition on chloride ion penetration is evaluated.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.408-413
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to present the reference data about the period in cold weather concrete practice based on meteorological data of Korea meteorological administration in our country in comparison with previous study and specifications of foreign country as to cold weather concrete such as ACI, JASS-5 and JSCE. The results of this study indicate that the period of cold weather concrete by each specifications in most of the region except Cheju island and coastal region in Korea is lasted over 100 days and the period of cold weather concrete in hillsides and inland areas is longer than that of coastal regions in the same latitude.