• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 2008

This study was intended to research into the possibility of corilagin (CRN) isolated from Euphorbia helioscopia as rheumatoid arthritis drug. For the study, CRN was medicated to the abdominal cavity of collagen induced arthritis (CIA) mice that was a animal model for rheumatoid arthritis and its effects on incidence and arthritis index (AI) were studied. The results were as folllows; Medicating corilagin that were isolated from Euphorbia heliscopia to CIA mice resulted in inhibiting an incidence of arthritis and reducing in arthritis index. It was found that inflammatory cells were remarkably decreased and joint cavity was well secured. Also it was displayed that the formation of pannus was not observed and a cartilage was preserved well by cell histological research. Performing fluorescence flow cytometry of CIA mice resulted in reducing in inflammatory cells infiltrated each tissue.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2009

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and progressive cartilage and bone erosion. Korean red ginseng (KRG) has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory cytokines like $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-1, -6, and -8, and $IPN-{\gamma}$. In this study, whether KRG extract has an inhibitory effect on the collagen-inducible development of arthritis in DBA/1J mice was investigated. To induce arthritis, type II collagen emulsified in Complete Freund's Adjuvant was intradermally injected into the base of the tails of mice. Three weeks after the initial injection, a booster injection of type II collagen emulsified in Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant was administered. The oral administration of KRG extract for 8${\sim}$10 weeks at the dose of 300 mg/kg (three days a week) inhibited the development of arthritis in the experimental group, compared to the control group which was given saline. While the administration of KRG extract three times a week demonstrated both preventive and inhibitory effects, the administration of KRG extract once a week had little inhibitory effect. In other studies, the regimen of KRG administration has been shown to decrease the plasma level of inflammatory cytokines like IL-8 and TNF-${\alpha}$, but the plasma levels of these cytokines were not decreased in the present study. The results of the present study suggest that KRG has preventive and inhibitory effects on collagen-induced arthritis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.25-55
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of the present study was to observe the effect of Astragali Radix Herbal-Acupuncture Solution(AR-HAS) at $ST_{36}$(jok-samni, $Z\acute{u}s\bar{a}n$ Li) on collagen- II -induced arthritis(CIA) in mice. Methods : DBA/1J mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen(CII) on days 0 and 21 to induce arthritis. The mice were divided into 5 groups : normal group(no CIA), control group(CIA+no treatment), needle prick group(CIA+single prick with an injection needle), saline group(CIA+saline injection) and ARHA group(CIA+ R-HA treatment). The needle prick, saline injection, and AR-HA groups were injected on the right $ST_{36}$(jok-samni) of mice for 9 weeks, 3 times a week, beginning 4 weeks after the booster immunization. Results : 1. The incidence of arthritis, AI(arthritis index), and joint edema decreased in the AR-HA group. 2. Weight gain, hypertrophy of the spleen, adhesion of the tissues, and transformation of the joint were restrained in the AR-HA group. 3. The concentrations of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$ in CIA mouse serum and $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-10 in the CIA mouse spleen cell culture decreased significantly at $ST_{36}$ in the AR-HA group. 4. Total cell counts increased significantly, and the ratio of $CD3e^+$ to $CD45R^+$, $CD4^+$ to $CD8^+$, and $CD4^+$ to $CD25^+$ cells decreased significantly at $ST_{36}$ in the CIA mouse spleen cell culture of the AR-HA group. 5. Total cell counts decreased significantly, and $CD4^+/CD25^+$ and $CD45R^+/CD69^+$ decreased significantly at $ST_{36}$ in the CIA mouse lymph nodes of the AR-HA group. 6. $CD3e^+/CD69^+$ and $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells decreased significantly at $ST_{36}$ in the CIA mouse joints of the AR-HA group. 7. The histological examination showed that cartilage destruction and synoviocyte proliferation decreased in the CIA mouse joints of the AR-HA group, and collagen fiber was expressed similar to that seen in the normal group. Conclusions : Our experiments show that at $ST_{36}$, an anti-inflammatory mechanism of AR-HA controls synovial cell proliferation and protects against cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.131-144
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• 2005

Objective : The aim of this study is to observe the effect of Herbal-acupuncture(HA) with Luffae Fructus Retinervus Herbal-Acupuncture Solution(LFR-HAS) at ST36(Joksamni) on Collagen Ⅱ -induced arthritis(CIA) in mice. Methods : DBA1/J mice were immunized with bovine type Ⅱ collagen(CⅡ) on days 0 and 21 to induce an arthritis. The mice were divided into 5 groups. They were Normal group(wild type), Control group(CIA), Saline group(CIA +saline injection), Needle Prick group(CIA +single Prick with an injection needle) and LFR-HA group(CIA +LFR-HA treatment). The saline injection, needle prick and LFR-HA were made on the right ST36(Joksamni) of mice for 5 weeks, 3 times a week beginning 4 weeks after the booster immunization. Results : 1. The highest synovial rate of lung fibroblasts was measured in the 1% LFR-HAS. 2. TNF-${\alpha}$ expression of survival cells from CIA mouse joint was significantly reduced in the 1% LFR-HAS. 3. The incidence of arthritis and the spleen weight of CIA mouse were significantly reduced by the Luffae Fructus Retinervus Herbal-Acupuncture (LFR-HA) at ST36. 4. The concentrations of IL-6, INF-${\alpha}$, INF-${\alpha}$, IgG, IgM, and anti-collagen Ⅱ in the CIA mouse serum were significantly reduced by the LFR-HA at ST36. 5. The histological examination showed that, in the LFR-HA group, the cartilage destruction and the synoviocyte proliferation in the CIA mouse joint were not significant compared to the control group, and the collagen fiber was similarly expressed as the normal group. 6. In the LFR-HA group, the ratio of CD3e+ to CD19+ cell, and the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cell in the lymph node were similarly maintained as those of the normal group. 7. CD69+/CD3e+ and CD11a+/CD19+ cells in the CIA mouse lymph node were significantly reduced by the LFR-HA at ST36. 8. CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells in the CIA mouse joint were significantly reduced by the LFR-HA at ST36. Conclusions : These results indicate that Luffae Fructus Retinervus Herbal-Acupuncture (LFR-HA) at ST36 may regulate the immune system and have a therapeutic effect on Collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) in mice.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.81-94
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• 2008

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a general, chronic, inflammatory and auto-immune disease and it can lead to joint edema, pain, stiffness which are caused by an inflammation in synovium covering our joints. Ulmus davidiana Planchon is a traditional herb used for the treatment on various inflammations, gastrointestinal trouble, ENT(ear, nose, and throat) disease, edema, cancer etc. and it works effectively on arthritis as well. In these study to search for the treatment efficacy of Ulmus davidiana Planchon in RA, I measure manifestation of cytokine gene in synoviocyte treated with Ulmus davidiana Planchon herbal acupuncture and in EL-4 cell, manifestation of cytokine gene cell related to T-cell. And after Ulmus davidiana Planchon herbal acupuncture treatment in Collagen induced arthritis(CIA) which has been known by a general model of RA, DBA mice, I observed foot thickness, general shape of synovium, early cytokine induce CIA and, generation and mutation of cytokine related to the control of T-cell specialization. It comes to conclusion as belows. 1. In synovium treated with Ulmus davidiana Planchon herbal acupuncture, there was the decrease in MIF mRNA does-dependently. Incase of CIA mice treated with Ulmus davidiana Planchon herbal acupuncture, there were the decrease in the damage in synovium and generation of the MIF which is related to induction of the early RA cytokine and IL-6 proinflammatory cytokine. 2. In case of EL-4 treated with Ulmus davidiana Planchon herbal acupuncture, there were decrease in the manifestation of the IL-2 mRNA, but the increase in the manifestation of the IL-4 does-dependently. 3. In the synovium of CIA mice treated with Ulmus davidiana Planchon herbal acupuncture, there were the decrease in generation of IL-2, IL-12 and CD-28, but the increase in generation of IL-4. These result suggest that Ulmus davidiana Planchon can block the process of the early RA by Inhibiting MIF activation, and mitigate Rheumatoid Arthritis by controlling Tcell specialization.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.221-231
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• 2005

Background: Immune regulatory dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in maintaining self-tolerance. Recent evidences demonstrate that DCs expressing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which is involved in tryptophan catabolism, play an important role in immunoregulation and tolerance and induce T cell apoptosis. This study was devised to examine the role of IDO in the oral tolerance induction in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. Methods: Beginning 2 weeks before immunization, CII was fed six times to DBA/1 mice and the effect on arthritis was assessed. In tolerized mice, $CD11c^+$ DCs were isolated and stimulated with CII, IFN-${\gamma}$, and LPS with or without IDO inhibitor, 1-methyl-DL-tryptophan (1-MT) and IDO expression by $CD11c^+$ DCs was analyzed using FACS and RT-PCR. The expression of IDO, MHC II, CD80, and CD86 by $CD11c^+$ DCs were examined using confocal microscopy. Regulatory effect of $CD11c^+$ DCs on Ag-specific T cell proliferative response to CII was examined by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) with or without 1-MT. Results: The proportion of IDO-expressing $CD11c^+$ DCs was slightly higher in tolerized mice than in CIA mice and significantly increased after stimulation with CII, IFN-${\gamma}$, and LPS in an IDO-dependent manner. On confocal microscopic examination, the expression of IDO was higher and those of MHC II and CD86 were lower in CD11c + DCs from tolerized mice compared to those from CIA mice. On MLR, $CD11c^+$ DCs from tolerized mice inhibited T cell proliferative response to CII in an IDO-dependent manner. Conclusion: Enhanced IDO expression by $CD11c^+$ DCs from tolerized mice may contribute to the regulation of proliferative response of CII-reactive T cells and could be involved in the induction of oral tolerance to CII.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.441-445
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• 2009

Recent research has revealed that hydrolyzed collagen peptides have beneficial effects in various diseases such as osteoarthritis and human rheumatoid arthritis and also play a protective role in skin by improving the activity of antioxidants. In this study, we investigated the effects of a novel mixture (AP-CPM01) containing collagen peptides and elastin peptides on photoaged hairless mice skin both in vivo and in vitro. To evaluate the effects of AP-CPM01 on UVBinduced skin wrinkle formation in vivo, the hairless mice were exposed to UVB irradiation and orally administered the AP-CPM01 at 333 mg/kg per day for 10 weeks. The effects on skin appearance and epidermal thickness were measured using bioengineering and histochemical methods. In addition, the influence of AP-CPM01 on collagen metabolism in human skin fibroblasts was also investigated. The skin of mice in the AP-CPM01 treated group had better appearance and less wrinkling than that of mice in the control group. In the human fibroblast cells, the amount of de novo procollagen synthesis was increased after AP-CPM01 treatment, reflecting that AP-CPM01 can induce de novo procollagen synthesis and reduce UVB-induced skin wrinkle formation. These results suggest that AP-CPM01 is a potent candidate for antiphotoaging functions.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.261-271
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• 2011

Osteoarthritis in patients with temporomandibular disorders(TMDs) induces pain, limitation of mouth opening, occlusal problems, and most commonly affects their life quality. Control method and progressive process of osteoarthritis are being extensively researched. The researchers focus on histologic changes, synovial changes, muscular and ligamental changes and observed reaction to pain. Therefore most of them developed the animal model for osteoarthritis in TMD patients. In this study, we applied several methods which induces osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) in rats or mice. For locally induce osteoarthritis in TMJ, Monosodium iodoacetate(MIA) or interleukin-$1{\alpha}$(IL-$1{\alpha}$) were injected into TMJ joint space for 5 or 3 weeks. Other groups are chosen for osteoarthritis under systemic control including hormonal changes and aging. To observe cellular change, increased collagen, degenerative bony destruction and distribution of proteoglycans (PGs), safranin-O staining and Masson's trichrome staining were used.