• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.219-222
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• 2008

Real time PCR was used to discriminate Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides for analysis of population density. Two primers, caInt2 and cgint, used for conventional PCR to discriminate two species were modified with fluorescent dye to make probe for real time PCR. Fluorescence signals were successfully detected by fCaInt2 and vCgint probe coupled with primer pair Unicon and Unicor1 resulting in discrimination of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides by comparison of delta Rn value.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 1994

Pathogenic fungal species associated with apple anthracnose were studied with diseased fruits collected over two major apple growing areas from 1986 to 1988. Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds, c. gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. and Glomerella cingulata(Stonem.) Spauld. & Schrenk were identified based on their mycological characteristics. C. acutatum could be easily differentiated from C. gloeosporioides by producing their fusiform conidia and developing apricot∼salmon colony colors, non-forming an ascigerous stages. Growth rate of C. acutatum were slow in plate culture. The three species of anthracnose fungi tested caused apple rot. Symptoms produced by C. gloeosporioides were larger than those of the others. C. gloeosporioides and G. cingulata produced rot lesions on apples that appeared became brown and later black, but C. acutatum produced rot lesions appeared yellowish brown and later reddish brown. G. cingulata has the major species responsible for apple anthracnose, epidemics in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.238-240
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• 2007

Anthracnose symptoms often occurred on fruits of Asian pear trees grown in Anseong, Naju, Seonghwan and Pyeongtaek in Korea during the harvesting period from 2000 to 2005. A total of 28 isolates of Colletotrichum sp. were obtained from the anthracnose symptoms. All the isolates were identified as Colletotrichum acutatum based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. Four isolates of the fungus were tested for pathogenicity to fruits of Asian pear tree by artificial inoculation. All the isolates induced anthracnose symptoms on the fruits by wound inoculation but not by unwound inoculation. The anthracnose symptoms induced by artificial inoculation were similar to those observed in the orchard. This is the first report of anthracnose of Asian pear tree caused by Colletotrichum acutatum.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.310-312
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• 2009

A total of 82 isolates of Colletotrichum species were obtained from anthracnose symptoms of highbush blueberry trees grown in the Gochang area of Korea during a disease survey in 2008. Out of the isolates, 75 were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and the others as C. acutatum based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. Twenty six of C. gloeosporioides isolates produced their teleomorph Glomerella cingulata in PDA culture. Three isolates of each C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum caused anthracnose symptoms on the leaves by artificial inoculation, which were similar to what was observed in the orchards. Previously in Korea, only C. gloeosporioides has been reported as causing anthracnose in blueberries. This is the first report that C. acutatum causes anthracnose in the highbush blueberry in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2004

The dominant isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from the red pepper anthracnose(both of the diseased plants and debris) was more pathogenic than the isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum of minorly isolated from Gyeong-buk, Korea. There were both of the G and R strains of cultural variants of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the G strain was more pathogenic than R strain. The cultivars of red-pepper, cv. 'Kumsegi' was the most susceptible and cv. 'papet' was the least susceptible in the pathogenicity test. The isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from other host plant such on sesame, safflower, yam, strawberry could infect to the red pepper plant also.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.119-121
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• 2007

Anthracnose of Salvia plebeia caused by Colletotrichum acutatum was observed in the exhibition field of Hamyang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, in Korea. The disease mainly occurred on the leaves, petioles and stems of whole plant. The typical symptoms were water-soaked lesions on stems and petioles, rotted stems and withering then eventually died. The color of colonies of the pathogenic fungus grown on potato dextrose agar was pinkish gray. Conidia were fusiform in shape and was $8{\sim}17{\times}3{\sim}4\;{\mu}m$ in size. Appressoria were pale to dark brown in color, clavate in shape and the sizes were $8{\sim}11{\times}4{\sim}6\;{\mu}m$. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $25^{\circ}C$. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity test on host plants, the fungus was identified as Colletotrichum acutatum J. H. Simmonds. This is the first report on the anthracnose of S. plebeia caused by C. acutatum in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.119-121
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• 2006

Anthracnose of pomegranate (Punica granatum) caused by Colletotrichum acutatum was observed in the exhibition field at Hamyang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, and in farmer's orchard at Gaheo-myon, Hapcheon-gun, Gyeongnam province, Korea. The pathogen generally attacks on the fruits and induces dark lesion and rotting. The infected fruits were mostly dropped or mummified. The color of colonies of the pathogenic fungus grown on potato dextrose agar was pinkish gray. Conidia were fusiform in shape and was $8{\sim}16{\times}3{\sim}4{\mu}m$ in size. Appressoria were pale to dark brown in color, clavate in shape and was $8{\sim}12{\times}4{\sim}6{\mu}m$ in size. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $25^{\circ}C$. Pathogenicity of the causal organism was proved according to Koch's postulate. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity test on fruit, the fungus was identified as Colletotrichum acutatum. This is the first report on the anthracnose of pomegranate caused by C. acutatum in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2007

Colletotrichum contains many important pathogens which cause economically significant diseases of crops like pepper, strawberry, tomato and apple. Forty four isolates were collected to characterize the diversity of Colletotrichum causing apple anthracnose in various regions of Korea. They were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA and partial $\beta$-tubulin gene DNA sequence, and culture characteristics on PDA and PDA-Benomyl. From the results of molecular analyses, 31 strains belonged to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, ribosomal DNA group (RG) 4 of Moriwaki et al. (2002), 8 strains belonged to C. acutatum, A2 group of Talhinhas et al. (2005) and 5 strains to C. acutatum, A3 group of Talhinhas et al. (2005). Most isolates of C. gloeosporioides RG4 grew faster on PDA than strains of C. acutatum, A2 and A3 groups and most RG4 strains were sensitive to Benomyl. However, a few strains of RG4 grew slower and were resistant to Benomyl. On the basis of molecular characteristics, apple isolates of C. acutatum were clearly differentiated from red pepper isolates of the species, but apple isolates of C. gloeosporioides were not.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.80-83
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• 2008

Anthracnose symptoms were frequently observed on fruits of peach trees grown in Yeongi in Korea during disease survey in August from 2000 to 2005. The disease incidence was as high as 40% at its maximum in the orchards investigated. A total of 24 isolates of Colletotrichum species were obtained from the anthracnose symptoms, out of which 20 were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and the four remaining ones as C. acutatum based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. Two isolates of each C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum caused anthracnose symptoms on the fruits by both wound and unwound inoculation, which were similar to those observed in the orchard. The symptoms appeared more rapidly by the wound inoculation than by the unwound inoculation. There was no difference in pathogenicity between the C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum isolates tested. In Korea, only C. gloeosporioides has been recorded as the causal fungus of anthracnose of peach tree. This is the first report that C. acutatum also causes anthracnose of peach tree in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.172-174
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• 1999

Anthracnose of cosmos caused by Colletotrichum acutatum is reported for the first time in Korea. The disease occurred widely in Kyeongnam province in1998 and the symptoms of sunken brownish spots were severely developed on stems. The fungi showed strong pathogenicity to the plant and are required at least 3 hr for conidial germination and host infection.