• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.317-318
• /
• 2002

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2013

This article evaluates the overall current disease burden of North Korea through the recent databases of international organizations. It is notable that North Korea as a nation is exhibiting a relatively low burden from deaths and that there is greater burden from deaths caused by non-communicable diseases than from those caused by communicable diseases and malnutrition. However, the absolute magnitude of problems from communicable diseases like TB and from child malnutrition, which will increase the disease burden in the future, remains great. North Korea, which needs to handle both communicable and nutritional conditions, and non-communicable diseases, whose burden is ever more increasing in the nation, can now be understood as a country with the 'double-burden' of disease.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.12
• /
• pp.7179-7186
• /
• 2014

This study examined the interrelationship between the evaluation indicators of communicable disease control and prevention activities, and the communicable disease incidence data. This study analyzed the incidence data of communicable disease in local governments of south Korea and evaluated the data of communicable disease control and prevention activities by the Ministry of Health of the central government in South Korea during 2004-2005. Frequency analysis was carried out to understand the character of the participant, t-test to compare the mean value between the two groups and stepwise multiple regression analysis to understand the significance between the dependent and independent variables. In this study, the finance related to communicable diseases (group I diseases in both city and rural center), keep rate of periodic reports on notifiable communicable diseases based on the law for communicable disease control and prevention (group II in city), the level of education on personal hygiene (group II in rural center), level of education on AIDS prevention and the reporting rate of cases of tuberculosis (group III in city), and reporting rate of incident cases of tuberculosis (tuberculosis and Hansen disease in both rural and city) were significant indicators. The level of education on AIDS prevention and the reporting rate of the cases of tuberculosis (in city), and number of adverse reactions after immunization (in rural area), reporting rate of cases of tuberculosis (in total center) were significant indicators in total communicable disease and all types of public health centers. The authors verified core evaluation indicators as actual proof. This study provides useful data for a summative evaluation, standardization, and guidelines on communicable disease control and prevention activities of public health centers and local government.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.66-79
• /
• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study were to develop a respiratory communicable disease prevention program for preschoolers and measure it's effects. Method: The respiratory communicable disease prevention program for preschoolers consisted of texts, cartoons, photographs, discussions, demonstrations, puzzle games, die games, compensation/reinforcement, and token economy which were directed under the systematic design of instruction by Dick ％amp; Carey. This study was a quasi experimental study under the nonequivalent control group with pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were 45 preschool children who are attending 3 different district nursery schools and they were matched by the age, pretest knowledge, and pretest behavior. The instrument used in this study was criterion referenced test items that were developed by a researcher for evaluating the subject's knowledge, attitude, and behavior about respiratory communicable disease prevention. A pretest was administered a week before treatment. Experimental group Ⅰ was administered by the treatment of respiratory communicable disease prevention program. Experimental group Ⅱ was administered by above program with token economy program. The posttest was conducted on the eighth day. The third test for behavior was completed 15th day. To determine the effect of the program, the data were analyzed by the SAS 6.12 program with Kruskal Wallis test, ANCOVA, ANOVA, Duncan's test and paired t-test. Result: 1) There was a significant difference in knowledge between the experimental groups and control group(F=5.89, P=0.0197). 2) There was a significant difference in attitude between the experimental groups and control group(F=3.29, P=0.0469). 3) There was a non-significant difference in behavior between the experimental groups and control group(F=0.00, P=0.9512). 4) In the experimental groupⅡ, there was highly significant increase in behavior after token economy(t=4.5252, P=0.0005). Conclusion: It was found that the respiratory communicable disease prevention program for preschool children was effective in changing the preschoolers' knowledge and attitude on the respiratory communicable disease prevention, but not enough for changing the preschoolers' behavior. Token economy was improved as an effective and strong method for inducing desirable changes of preschoolers' behavior.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.259-264
• /
• 2007

Effective communicable disease surveillance systems are the basis of the national disease prevention and control. Following the increase in emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases since late 1990s, the Korean government has strived to enhance surveillance and response system. Since 2000, sentinel surveillance, such as influenza sentinel surveillance, pediatric sentinel surveillance, school-based sentinel surveillance and ophthalmological sentinel surveillance, was introduced to improve the surveillance activities. Electronic reporting system was developed in 2000, enabling the establishment of national database of reported cases. Disweb, a portal for sharing communicable disease information with the public and health care workers, was developed. In general, the survey results on usefulness and attributes of the system, such as simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, sensitivity, timeliness, and representa-tiveness, received relatively high recognition. Compared to the number of paid cases of national health insurance, reported cases by national notifiable disease surveillance system, and various sentinel surveillance system, the result of the correlation analysis was high. According to the research project conducted by KCDC, the reporting rate of physicians in 2004 has also greatly improved, compared with that in 1990s. However, continuous efforts are needed to further improve the communicable disease surveillance system. Awareness of physicians on communicable disease surveillance system must be improved by conducting education and information campaigns on a continuous basis. We should also devise means for efficient use of various administrative data including cause of death statistics and health insurance. In addition, efficiency of the system must be improved by linking data from various surveillance system.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.19-29
• /
• 2011

Prevalence of major legal communicable diseases in chickens and ducks, which had occurred in Jeonbuk province from year 2004 to 2008. Total 283 farms 1,419,244 chickens and ducks have been affected by avian diseases. Specifically, fowl typhoid (FT) occurred in 92 farms 416,600 chickens, Marek's disease (MD) in 45 farms 145,563, duck virus hepatitis (DVH) in 31 farms 199,200, infectious bursal disease (IBD) in 27 farms 113,220, infectious bronchitis (IB) in 27 farms 280,300, low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) in 26 farms 78,495, avian mycoplasmosis in 16 farms 103,774, Newcastle disease (ND) occurred in 11 farms 61,052, avian encephalomyelitis (AE) in 7 farms 21,000, Pullorum disease (PD) occurred in 1 farm 40. According to total analysis about major legal communicable diseases, 1 species of first-class legal communicable diseases have occurred, 3 species of second-class and 6 species of third-class all adding up to 10 species. In the first-class diseases, Newcastle disease have occurred. Pullorum and fowl typhoid, duck virus hepatitis in the second-class have occurred and as third-class diseases, Marek's disease, Infectious bursal disease, Infectious bronchitis, avian mycoplasmosis, avian encephalomyelitis, low pathogenic avian influenza have occurred.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 2012

Prevalence of major legal communicable diseases in bovine and swine had been monitored in Jeonbuk province from year 2004 to 2008. At least 1 communicable disease had been reported in 687 heads from 68 bovine farms and 17 farms (25.0%) of the 68 positive farms had 1~2 additional outbreaks during the surveillance. By disease, enzootic bovine leukosis, Johne's disease and Akabane disease were occurred in 53 farms (582 heads), 14 farms (100 heads) and 1 farm (5 heads), respectively. Swine communicable diseases were occurred in 4,466 heads from 63 swine farms and 18 farms (28.6%) of the 63 positive farms had 1~2 additional outbreaks during the surveillance. By disease, Aujeszky's disease (AD), porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), classical swine fever (CSF), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE), atrophic rhinitis (AR) and Japanese encephalitis in swine (JE) were occurred in 20 farms (70 heads), 20 farms (2,817 heads), 12 farms (258 heads), 6 farms (1,257 heads), 1 farm (50 heads), 1 farm (2 heads) and 1 farm (10 heads), respectively. In total, 10 communicable diseases (1 species of first-class, 3 species of second-class, and 6 species of third-class) were reported. The first-class diseases were CSF. Johne's disease, and Aujeszky's disease. JE was the second-class and Akabane disease, enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), PED, PRRS, TGE and AR were third-class diseases.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.118-119
• /
• 2000

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2005

Before twentieth centuries and during early twentieth centuries, communicable diseases were the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Korea. But reliable data are not available. After 1975, the overall morbidity and mortality from communicable diseases, rapidly declined. Recently many new pathogenic microbes were recognized: L. monocytogenes, Hantaan virus, Y. pseudotuberculosis, P. multocida, L. pneumophilia, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), G. seoi, H. capsulatum, C. burnetii, V. cholerae O139, C. parvum, F. tularensis, E. coli O157:H7, B. burgdorferi, S. Typhimurium DT104, Rotavirus, hepatitis C virus and so on. Since the first HIV infection recognized in 1985, the reported cases of infection and deaths from HIV/AIDS have been steady increased each year. Legionnaire's disease, E. coli O157:H7 colitis, listeriosis and crytosporidiasis have been occurring just sporadically among immunocompromized cases. Many re-emerging communicable diseases were occurred in Korea: leptospirosis, malaria, endemic typhus, cholera, tsutsugamushi disease, salmonellosis, hepatitis A, shigellosis, mumps, measles, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, brucellosis and so on. Leptospirosis and tsutsugamushi diseases have been noticed as major public health problems since 1980s. The malaria that had been virtually disappeared for a decade has reappeared from 1993 with striking increase of patients in recent 3-4 years. The distributions of salmonella and shigella serotypes have been changed a lot in recent few decades. Furthermore rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains induces more difficult and complex problems in control of communicable diseases. We must recognize on the importance of environment and ecosystem conservation and careful prescription of anti-microbial agent in order to prevent communicable diseases.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.5-13
• /
• 1991

While the threat from traditional communicable diseases have been decreasing non communicable chronic diseases are increasing due to the aging of population and change in life pattern of the people such as over intake of cholesterol and lack of physical exercise etc. On the other hand, since 1980s, AIDS is spreading rapidly throughout the globe and environmental pollution, accidents, addictive diseases such as drug abuse and alcoholism are becoming serious factors to hinder the health promotion of the people. In order to improve general public health and promote individual health status, existing program for communicable disease control by the government such as tuberculosis, leprosy, STD and acute communicable diseases should be effectively continued. In principle, effort should be placed on eradication of source of infection, reduction of communicability of source in infection, treatment of source of infection as well as increase of individual registance to the diseases through immunization and improvement of physical status. Since the pattern of illness is being shifted from communicable diseases to non communicable chronic diseases such as cancer, cerebral hemorrhage, heart disease and hypertention etc., special emphasis should be placed on the prevention and control of those adult diseases. Early detection of the patients, registration and treatment of patients and health education should be systematically developed for effective control of the diseases. In addition, program activities on MCH, nutrition, dentistry, mental health, environmental health, accident prevention. medical delivery system, health insurance. and all other health issues should be improved in order to achieve our goal of health promotion.