• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.1067-1074
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• 2016

A start-up demonstration test is a mechanism that is usually used to determine the reliability of equipment, for example water pumps, car batteries and power generators. The simplest and oldest start-up demonstration tests are called CS (consecutive successes) which have been studied by Hahn and Gage (1983), Viveros and Balakrishnan (1993).At first Hahn and Gage (1983) discussed the start-up demonstration test. I was based on i.i.d (independently and identically distributed) binary outcomes with the specified number of consecutive successful start-ups. Oh (2016) studied CSNCF (consecutive successful, but not consecutive failures). In this paper, we investigated the CS and CSNCF models, also their applications to start-up demonstration tests. The numerical results showed that the expectations and variances of the total number of attempted start-ups until the acceptance of the unit are gradually increasing in all of the specified number of successes as the p (probability of a successful start-up in an single trial) decreases from 0.99 to 0.90. The difference between means of the CS mode and CSNCF model is small, but variances of the CS and CSNCF are big.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.184-197
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• 1995

An objective and one-step detection procedure of multiple outliers is suggested by using the gaps of the order statistics. The detection procedure can be used as a routine outlier detection method of a statistical analysis computer program. The procedure is applied to some examples including the data selected by Kitagawa.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.879-897
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• 2013

Shannon entropy is one of the widely used randomness measures especially for cryptographic applications. However, the conventional entropy tests are less sensitive to the inter-bit dependency in random samples. In this paper, we propose new online randomness test schemes for true random number generators (TRNGs) based on the mutual information between consecutive ${\kappa}$-bit output blocks for testing of inter-bit dependency in random samples. By estimating the block entropies of distinct lengths at the same time, it is possible to measure the mutual information, which is closely related to the amount of the statistical dependency between two consecutive data blocks. In addition, we propose a new estimation method for entropies, which accumulates intermediate values of the number of frequencies. The proposed method can estimate entropy with less samples than Maurer-Coron type entropy test can. By numerical simulations, it is shown that the new proposed scheme can be used as a reliable online entropy estimator for TRNGs used by cryptographic modules.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 1998년도 Proceedings of International Workshop on Advanced Image Technology
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• pp.171-176
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• 1998

This paper resents a spatio-temporal video segmentation method. The algorithm segments each frame of video sequences captured by a static or moving camera into moving objects (foreground) and background using a statistical hypothesis test. In the proposed method, three consecutive image frames are exploited and a hypothesis testing is performed by comparing two means from two consecutive difference images, which results in a T-test. This hypothesis test yields change detection mask that indicates moving areas (foreground) and non-moving areas (background). Moreover, an effective method for extracting object mask form change detection mask is proposed.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the type of subscapularis tendon tears diagnosed during arthroscopy and the outcomes of physical tests and of isokinetic muscle strength tests. Methods: We preoperatively evaluated physical outcomes and isokinetic muscle strength of 60 consecutive patients who underwent an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and/or subacromial decompression. We divided the patients into five groups according to the type of subscapularis tear, which we classified using Lafosse classification system during diagnostic arthroscopic surgery. Results: When we performed a trend analysis between the outcomes of the physical tests and the severity of subscapularis tendon tear, we found that both the incidence of positive sign of the collective physical tests and that of individual physical tests increased significantly as the severity of the subscapularis tear increased (p<0.001). Similarly, the deficit in isokinetic muscle strength showed a tendency to increase as the severity of subscapularis tear increased, but this positive correlation was statistically significant in only the deficit between those with Lafosse type II tears and those with Lafosse type III tears. Conclusions: Although no single diagnostic test surpasses above others in predicting the severity of a subscapularis tear, our study implies that, as a collective unit of tests, the total incidence of the positive rate of the physical tests and the extent of isokinetic strength deficit may correlate with severity of subscapularis tears.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2013

This study aimed at characterizing unsaturated zone at the source zone area contaminated by DNAPL and investigating feasibility of soil vapor extraction (SVE). Five boreholes with three multi-level screens at the depth of 3.0~4.5 m, 5.5~7.0 m, and 8.0~12.0 m were installed at the source zone. Pneumatic tests were performed to determine the permeability of porous medium. Permeability was estimated to be 81.6 to 203.7 darcy, depending on the applied solutions, which was contradicted by grain size analysis of cored soil samples leading to 3.51 darcy. This is due to air flow through gravel pack during the early stage of pneumatic test. Pressure-drawdown curve in the late stage also well showed the leaky aquifer type, indicating air leakage to the ground. Air flow tests were also carried out to investigate air flow connectivity between multi-level wells, indicating that the horizontal air flow was well developed between the lower screens of the wells, not between the upper and middle screens due to the leakage to the surface. For the SVE test, there was no noticeable variation in TCE vapor concentration between three different test runs: 1. 8 hours daily for 5 days, 2. 24 hours together with air blowing at another well (BH1), 3. five consecutive days. Even for five-day consecutive test, total amount of removed TCE was estimated only to be as low as 46.5 g.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 해석적 방법을 이용하여 연속폭발 하중을 받는 구조물의 거동을 분석하였다. 구조물은 양단이 고정된 축소형 일방향 철근콘크리트 슬래브를 사용하였으며, 유한요소 해석을 위해서 상용 소프트웨어인 LS-DYNA를 사용하였다. 누적피해 평가를 위한 해석을 수행하기에 앞서, 해석 모델의 검증을 위해 일방향 철근콘크리트 슬래브의 단일폭발 실험을 수행하였다. 누적피해 해석에서는 이상적인 연속폭발 하중이 구조물에 적용되고, 최대변위를 기준으로 누적 피해평가를 수행하였다. 해석 결과로부터, 연속폭발 하중을 받는 철근콘크리트 슬래브의 최대 누적변위는 위험한 피해 한계까지 일정하게 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2004

This study was conducted to derive the design rainfall by the consecutive duration using the at-site frequency analysis. Using the errors, K-S tests and LH-moment ratios, Log Pearson type 3 (LP3) and Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distributions of Gamma and Non-Gamma Family, respectively were identified as the optimal probability distributions among applied distributions. Parameters of GEV and LP3 distributions were estimated by the method of L and LH-moments and the Indirect method of moments respectively. Design rainfalls following the consecutive duration were derived by at-site frequency analysis using the observed and simulated data resulted from Monte Carlo techniques. Relative root-mean-square error (RRMSE) and relative efficiency (RE) in RRMSE for the design rainfall derived by at-site analysis in the observed and simulated data were computed and compared. It has shown that at-site frequency analysis by GEV distribution using L-moments is confirmed as more reliable than that of GEV and LP3 distributions using LH-moments and Indirect method of moments in view of relative efficiency.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.299-301
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• 2015

Objectives: To assess safety and efficacy of JiSaiXin (Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Injection manufactured in China, G-CSF) 150ug per day for three days and whether this regimen could reduce the incidence of febrile neutropenia caused by chemotherapy. Method: From July 2014 to December 2014 patients treated by chemotherapy in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups: Group A with prophylactic use of G-CSF (JiSaiXin) 24 hours after chemotherapy for consecutive 3 days; and Group B with G-CSF (JiSaiXin) after neutropenia. Routine blood tests were performed 7 days and 14 days after chemotherapy. Results: A total of 100 patients fulfilled study criteria, and the incidence of severe neutropenia (grade III/IV) and the incidence of febrile neutropenia in Group A were lower than those in Group B. Nine patients were found severe neutropenia (grade III/IV) in Group B, but one in Group A, three febrile neutropenia in Group B, but 0 in Group A. Conclusions: This study suggested that prophylactic use of G-CSF (JiSaiXin) 150ug per day 24 hours after chemotherapy for consecutive 3 days is safe and could be effective for preventing febrile neutropenia in patients with chemotherapy.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of foot mats on reducing levels of fatigue, discomfort, lower extremity edema and skin temperature in scrub nurses during surgery. Methods: This study employed one group repeated measures design in which 16 scrub nurses (ages 22-38) stood on steel footstools (SF) during scrub as the conventional test and stood on SF with foot mats as the experimental test. Levels of fatigue, discomfort, lower extremity edema and skin temperature were measured before the first surgical hand scrub and right after the first surgery of the day for 3 consecutive days in both tests. Results: The changes in levels of fatigue and discomfort were significantly different between tests (p<.001~.033). Edema, determined by the differences in circumferences of the ankles and calves before and after the surgery was also significantly different between groups (p=.001~.011). However, the change in skin temperature on the foot tops of both feet was not different between tests (p=.351~.467). Conclusion: The results of this study show that using foot mats on top of the steel footstool is effective in reducing the levels of fatigue, discomfort and lower extremity edema in scrub nurses during surgery.