• Korean Management Science Review
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.43-70
• /
• 2010

Influences of convergent services on the overall industry has become noticeable. Various services are becoming to converge into a single platform because of ever-hanging needs of digital service users. However, few studies have investigated how users' perception of convergent services as well as the quality of experience that service users have while using the convergent services. Therefore, this study aims at identifying perceived patterns of convergent services by IPTV users, which is one of the representative convergent-ervice platforms. It also aims at identifying the impact of perceived convergence pattern on the relationship between goal congruency among individual services and the quality of user experience. Two empirical studies were conducted to accomplish the research goals. We have constructed two prototypes of convergent digital services in the IPTV environment and conducted controlled experiments to verify the research hypotheses. The results indicate that design similarities of two services substantially influence the perceived patterns of convergent services. It was also found that the perceived convergent patterns have significant moderating effects on the impact of perceived goal congruence upon the quality of user experience. This paper ends with limitations as well as implications of the study results.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.129-145
• /
• 2012

This study investigated factors of creativity and interaction between factors that are revealed when gifted students designed scientific experiments. For this, we firstly developed items which required the written process of designing experiments to explore creativity factors. Then, we used these items as a part for letters of self-introduction to students who applied for 2011 correspondence education of general physics for the Korea Physics Olympiad. 513th letters of self-introduction which were analyzed to investigate factors of creativity in view of creativity definition after researchers' consultation, which specifically means a combination of divergent and convergent thinking. The results were as follows; (1) in the step of hypothesis building, we could not only find Originality and the Flexibility & Fluency, which were factors of divergent thinking, but also Coherency and Elaborateness, which were factors of convergent thinking. (2) in the step of the hypothesis testing, we could explore Originality, Flexibility & Fluency in divergent thinking and Coherency, Reliability, Clarity, Elaborateness in convergent thinking. (3) we also figured out three creativity types of gifted students from the viewpoint that creativity is a consequence of interaction between divergent thinking and convergent thinking; a) Type A showed divergent and convergent factors of creativity in the step of hypothesis building. However, type A did not include divergent factors of creativity on the process of the hypothesis testing. b) Type B had divergent and convergent factors of creativity on the process of the hypothesis testing, but it had not convergent factors of creativity on the step of hypothesis building. c) Finally, in Type C, only divergent factors of creativity appeared on the process of the hypothesis testing, but convergent factors of creativity could be found on the step of hypothesis building and hypothesis testing.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.387-395
• /
• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of socio-demographic, household, social support, health-related factors on adolescent internet use time. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine factors affecting adolescent internet using time, and this study used the 2014 10th Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior On-line Survey data by Centers for Disease and Prevention. Results show that as for socio-demographic factors, being male, lower economic status, being middle school student, and having poor academic grade were; as for household factors, youth-led, one-parent, grandparent(s), multicultural, and North Korean defectors family were; as for social support factors, the absence of family support, the absence of friend support and the absence teacher support were; and as for health-related factors, less exercise, higher level of stress, and lower level of subjective happiness were associated with increased internet using time. Based on these results, convergent implications about effective intervention strategies that adolescents can use internet appropriately were discussed in the section of conclusion.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.751-759
• /
• 1998

The study of the validity test on the self-monitoring scale for nurses In this study, both the literary survey as well as empirical research has been executed to test the validity of the scales that measure the construct of the self-monitoring scale. The self-monitoring scale could not be classified into five factors as Snyder suggested. Many other scholars (Briggs, Cheek and Buss, 1980) suggested 3 different classifications which was accepted by Snyder and Gangestad (1986). John, Cheek and Klohnen(1996) claimed a two-factor classification. As has been discussed, factor analysis is used to prove convergent validity within the factor and discriminant validity between the factors. However, depending on the researchers, many variations in classification of the factors were found and a lack of content and discriminant validity were found in the previous research findings. It is also important to note that Snyder's self-monitoring scale did not factor-load at over. 30 for all 25 items, regardless of how many factors could be classified. According to findings of this study, the self-monitoring scale neither classified as five, three or two factors nor factor loaded as hypothesized. It is also clear that Snyder's self-monitoring scale lacks convergent validity as the sub-factors of the scale failed to prove its uni-dimensionality. The A self-monit oring scale not only fail to overcome the problems of Snyder's self-monitori ng scale but even lost the attractiveness of the self-monitoring scale. In this study it was also found that the A self-monitoring scale was not classified in either in a two or three-factor classification as hypothesized. It is, of course, not desirable to use any scale that lacks convergent and discriminant validity even though it has been widely used and has held a great deal of influence on the field of social psychology. To overcome the shortcomings of Snyder's self-monitoring scale, Lennox and Wolfe(1984) suggested 13 items. This study was dedicated to test the validity and reliability of the scale, in which we found that the data presented in validity as the two factors were class ified and loaded as expected. Reliability was also proven by checking Cronbach's α for each factor and for the total items. In addition, a confirmatory factor analysis was executed for the 13 items using LISREL 8.12 program to confirm convergent validity in a two-factor classification. The model was fitting and sound : however, the self-monitoring scale was unfitted and not validated. Thus, it is recommended to use not the original nor the abbreviated self-monitoring scale but the 13 items in future studies. It should also be noted that items 7 and 13 should be removed to obtain better uni-dimensionality for the 13 items. These items loaded at over. 30, too high for the two factors in the test results of Factor analysis. In addition, it is necessary to double-check the cause of two-hold loading at over .30 for the two factors. It could be a problem caused by data or by the scale itself. Therefore, additional studies should follow to better clarify this matter.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.173-186
• /
• 1998

In this study, both the literary survey as well as empirical research has been executed to test the validity of the scales that measure the construct of self-monitoring scale could not be classified into five factors as Snyder suggested. Many other scholars (Briggs, Cheek and Buss, 1980) suggested 3 different classifications which was accepted by Snyder and Gangestad (1986). John, Cheek and Klohnen (1996) claimed a two-factor classification. As has been discussed, factor analysis is used to prove convergent validity within the factor and discriminant validity between the factors. However, depending on the researchers, many variations in classification of the factors were found and a lack of content and discriminant validity was found in the previous research findings. It is also important to note that Snyder's self-monitoring scale, did not factor-load at over 30 for all 25 items, regardless of how many factors could be classified. According to findings of this study, the self-monitoring scale neither classified as five, three or two factors nor factor loaded as hypothesized. It is also clear that Snyder's self-monitoring scale lack convergent validity as the sub-factors of the scale fail to prove its uni-dimensionality. The A self-monitoring scale not only fail to overcome the problems of Snyder's self-monitoring scale but even lost the attractiveness of the self-monitoring scale. In this study, it was also found that the A self-monitoring scale was not classified as hypothesized in either in a two or three-factor classification. It is, of course, not desirable to use any scale that lacks convergent and discriminant validity even though it has been widely used but also has held a great deal of influence on the field of social psychology. To overcome the shortcomings of Snyder's self-monitoring scale, Lennox and Wolfe(1984) suggested 13 items. This study 1. was dedicated to test the validity and reliability of the scale, in which we found that the data presented in validity as the two factors were classified and loaded as expected. Reliability was also proven by checking Cronbach's alpha for each factor and for the total items. In addition, a confirmatory factor analysis was executed for the 13 items using LISREL 8.12 program to confirm convergent validity in a two-factor classification. The model was fitting and sound ; however, the self-monitoring scale was unfitted and not validated. Thus, it is recommended to use not the original or the abbreviated self-monitoring scale but the 13 items in future studies. It should also be noted that items 7 and 13 should be removed to obtain better uni-dimensionality for the 13 items. These items loaded at over .30, too high for the two factors in the test results of factor analysis. In addition, it is necessary to double-check the cause of two-hold loading at over .30 for the two factors. It could be a problem caused by data or by the scale itself. Therefore, additional studies should follow to better clarify this matter.

• Laser Solutions
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.6-8
• /
• 2015

Finishing process includes deburring, polishing and edge radiusing. It improves the surface profile of specimen and eliminates the alien substance on surface. Deburring is the elimination process for debris of edges. Polishing lubricates surfaces by rubbing or chemical treatment. There are two types for electron finishing. The one is using pulse beam. The other is using the convergent and scanning electron beam. Pulse type device appropriates the large area process. But it does not control the beam dosage. Scanning type device has advantages for dosage control and edge deburring. We design the convergence and scan type. It has magnetic lenses for convergence and scan device for scanning beam. Magnetic lenses consist of convergent and objective lens. The lenses are designed by the specification(beam size and working distance). In this paper, we evaluate the convergence performance by pattern process. Also, we analysis the results and important factors for process. The important factors for process are beam size, pressure, stage speed and vacuum. These results will be utilized into systematizing pattern shape and the factors.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.99-110
• /
• 2018

The data were collected from 171 physiologic malodor patients diagnosed in KUMC halitosis control clinic between 2008 and 2016. We selected 11 independent variables and 3 dependent variables, then planned to extract some convergent common factors affecting their physiologic malodor. We thought that those extracted convergent common factors could be utilized when preparing the contents of oral malodor preventive program. We used multiple regression analysis and path analysis method, for the analysis of influence of 11 independent factors to three salivary dependent factors(resting salivary flow rate, salivary buffering capacity, salivary precipitation rate). We have presented the physiologic malodor patients' chracteristics by descriptive statistical analysis, and also statistically analysed convergent common factors influencing directly or indirectly to their three dependent factors. We could reason that the sex, the character, the intake habit of breakfast, and the regular food intake habit could affect resting salivary flow rate, salivary buffering capacity and salivary precipitation rate.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.578-591
• /
• 2018

This study is to find out what are the factors influencing upon the convergent TV viewing experiences. Socio-demographic variables are identified as the most influential ones. Viewing modes are more influential than the media utilization factors. Comparing the detailed dimensions of TV viewing experiences, time and content selectivity are more influenced by TV viewing modes, while sociability and interactivity are more affected by socio-demographic variables relatively. This study has academic significance in that it is an exploratory empirical study on factors influencing on the TV viewing experiences.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.211-229
• /
• 2009

This study examined replication of the factor structure of the DAPC [Domain-specific Assessment of Psychological Control (Soenens et al., 2006)] in parents of Korean adolescents. Participants included 289 adolescents who responded to DAPC items regarding their parents' psychological control behaviors. Two factors comprising 17 items were identified and labeled as "achievement oriented psychological control", and "separation-anxious psychological control." Confirmatory factor analysis and partial correlation analysis provided evidence for the construct validity of the DAPC through construct reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity across both sex of parents and adolescents. The psychometric properties indicated that DAPC could be useful in studying parents' psychological control behaviors toward their adolescent children.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.56-63
• /
• 2023

I proposed the architectural guideline for educational environment based on design thinking approach to integrate and enhance learners' activities and achievements. The physical environment of design education learning space should be applied by teaching methods and learning activities, especially for STEAM-based convergent education, the architectural space conditions should support the design process based on design thinking. The learning environment conditions influence design education with physical design factors and learners' communication, and the flexible environment based on design thinking, which is crucial for design education. The 3 steps of design thinking experiences also allow students to learn the context of ideas, skills and outcomes. Therefore, I argued that the learning surrounding based on design thinking needs flexible and mobile, connected, integrated, organized, and team-focused environments to support learners' understanding, participation, and collaboration, and to achieve the design process based on research findings. For spaces for convergent learning environments based on design thinking, common design principles should be reviewed, such as coexistence with technology, safety and security, transparency and spatial extension, multi-purpose space and outdoor learning.