• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.311-318
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• 1991

Corneal permeability of various n-alkyl p-hydroxybenzoates (parabens) was studied in vitro using excised rabbit corneas, and the effect of lipophilicity of parabens on the corneal permeability was also investigated. Permeability coefficients were obtained from the least-square linear regression after the steady state had been reached. Lipophilicity of parabens was calculated by distribution coefficients determined in octanol-S | $12{\phi}{\parallel}$) rensen's buffer solution (pH 5.0). The relationship between lipophilicity and corneal permeability of parabens was not linear, but the optimum lipophilicity for the maximum permeation was found. The influence of tween 80 on corneal permeability of methyl and butylparaben was not significant.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2014

목적: 콘택트렌즈의 함수율, 재질, 굴절력의 차이에 따른 착용전후의 각막의 형태 변화를 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법: 5가지 유형의 콘택트렌즈를 사용하여 렌즈 착용 전후의 두께차이를 비교하였다. 각막의 중심부와 각막 중심에 떨어진 거리와 방향에 따른 렌즈 착용 전, 후의 각막의 두께, 각막 전, 후면 곡률, 고위수차의 변화를 조사하였다. 측정에 사용된 장비로는 ORB ScanII(Bausch & Lomb Inc, ver 3.14)로 각막 지형도 및 각막 두께를 측정하였으며, 고위수차(high order aberration) 분석을 위하여 Zywave(Bausch & Lomb Inc, ver 5.20)를 사용 하였다. 결과: 산소투과가 낮은 하이드로겔 재질의 소프트 콘택트렌즈(T2 lens)에서 각막의 두께가 증가하는 경향이 두드러지게 나타났다. 각막 중심에서 가장 많은 변화를 보였으며, 중심에 가까울수록 변화정도가 증가하였다. 각막의 방향에 있어서는 코 쪽이 가장 많이 변하였다. 결론: 본 연구에서 사용한 함수율, 재질, 디자인이 다른 5종의 콘택트렌즈 중 Dk가 28이상의 산소투과도를 가진 렌즈에서는 각막의 형태 변화가 적었으며, 산소투과도가 매우 낮은 렌즈에서 가장 많은 각막형태의 변화가 나타났다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제24권3호spc1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 1994

The objective of this study was to determine whether Pz-peptide, an enhancer of hydrophilic solute permeability in the intestine, could elevate the paracellular permeability of the cornea and conjunctiva in the pigmented rabbit. The in vitro penetration of four hydrophilic solutes, mannitol (MW 182), fluorescein (MW 376), FD-4 (FITC-dextran, 4 KDa), and FD-10 (FITC-dextran, 10 KDa) across the pigmented rabbit cornea and conjunctiva was studied either in the presence or absence of 3 mM enhancers. Drug penetration was evaluated using the modified Ussing chamber. The conjunctiva was more permeable than the cornea to all four markers. EDTA and cytochalasin B showed higher effects on marker transport than Pz-peptide, but Pz-peptide elevated the corneal transport of mannitol, fluoresein, and FD-4 by 50%, 26%, and 50%, respectively, without affecting FD-10 transport. Possibly due to the leakier nature of the conjunctiva, 3 mM Pz-peptide elevated the transport of only FD-4 by about 45%, without affecting the transport of other markers. Furthermore, the transport of Pz-peptide itself across the cornea and conjunctiva increased with increasing concentration in the 1-5 mM range, suggesting that Pz-peptide enhanced its own permeability, possibly by elevating paracellular permeability. Effects of ion transport inhibitors on Pz-peptide transport were then investigated. PZ-peptide penetration was not changed by mucosal addition of $10\;{\mu}M$ amiloride or $10\;{\mu}M$ hexamethylene amiloride, inhibiting serosal $Na^{+}$ exit by $100\;{\mu}M$ ouabain, or replacing $Na^{+}$ with choline chloride in the mucosal side buffer. These results seggested that Pz-peptide enhanced the paracellular permeability of rabbit cornea and conjunctiva and further indicate that ion transporters were not involved in the Pz-peptide induced elevation of paracellular marker permeability.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.2157-2163
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• 2009

소프트 콘택트렌즈의 산소투과성은 눈의 생리적 반응을 고려할 때 각막의 건강 상태를 결정하는 주요 파라미터이다. 이 연구의 목적은 폴라로그래피 방법을 이용하여 두께 기준에 따른 소프트 콘택트렌즈의 산소투과성을 평가하는데 있다. 렌즈의 두께는 접촉식과 비접촉식 방법으로 측정하였고, 정확도와 신뢰도를 평가하기 위하여 Bland-Altman 분석을 하였다. 정확도는 비접촉식 방법으로 측정한 중심 두께 기준의 산소투과성에서 높은 반면, 신뢰도는 접촉식 방법으로 측정한 중심 두께 기준의 산소투과성에서 높았다. 이 결과는 소프트 콘택트렌즈의 두께 측정방법과 기준에 따라 산소투과성이 다르며, 소프트 콘택트렌즈의 두께 측정은 비접촉식 방법이 보다 더 합리적임을 보여준다. 따라서 콘택트렌즈 임상 실무자들은 산소 공급 능력에 대한 데이터를 해석하거나 인용할 경우, 방법론 사이의 기본적 차이를 고려하여야 한다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2019

To evaluate the toxicity of ophthalmic drug, the Draize test and Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) test commonly used. In Draize test, experimental animals were under stress and pain due to long-term exposure of drug. In addition, regarding physiological functions, animal model is not perfectly reflected a human eye condition. Although some models such as $EpiOcular^{TM}$, HCE model, LabCyte Cornea-Model, and MCTT $HCE^{TM}$ were already presented advanced cornea ex-vivo model to replace animal test. In this sense, cornea tissue structure mimicked ex-vivo toxicity model was fabricated in this study. The corneal epithelial cells (CECs) and keratocytes (CKs) isolated from rabbit eyeball were seeded on non-patterned silk film (n-pSF) and patterned silk film (pSF) at $32,500cells/cm^2$ and $6,500cells/cm^2$. Sequentially, n-pSF and pSF were stacked to mimic a multi-layered stroma structure. The thickness of films was about $15.63{\mu}m$ and the distance of patterns was about $3{\mu}m$. H&E stain was performed to confirm the cell proliferation on silk film. F-actin of CKs was also stained with Phalloidin to observe the cytoskeletal alignment along with patterns of the pSF. In the results, CECs and CKs were shown the good cell attachment on the n-pSF and pSFs. Proliferated cells expressed the specific phenotype of cornea epithelium and stroma. In conclusion, we successfully established the ex-vivo cornea toxicity model to replace the eye irritation tests. In further study, we will set up the human ex-vivo cornea toxicity model and then will evaluate the drug screening efficacy.

• 생약학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.246-254
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• 2018

Pectin lyase-modified red ginseng extract (GS-E3D) is a newly developed ginsenoside Rd-enriched ginseng extract. This study was designed to investigate the skin safety of GS-E3D. Single oral toxicity, single dermal toxicity, bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) assay, skin irritation test with $SkinEthic^{TM}$ human epidermis model, skin sensitization local lymph node assay, and human patch test, were examined. The oral and dermal $LD_{50}$ value of GS-E3D was over 2,000 mg/kg in rats. GS-E3D was identified as a non-irritant to skin in BCOP assay, human epidermis models, and patch test from the 32 human subjects. The skin sensitization potential of GS-E3D was less than 25% in local lymph node assay. These results indicate that GS-E3D can be used as a safe ingredient without adverse effects in various skin care products.