• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 1995

Many pressure vessels for the power plants are fabricated from low alloy ferritic steels. The inner sides of the pressure vessels are commonly weld_cladded with austenitic stainless steels to minimize problems of corrosive attack. The submerged-arc welding(SAW) process is now used in preference to other processes because of the possibilities open to automation to reduce the overaII welding times. The most reliable way to avoid underclad cracks(UCC) which are often detected at the overlap of the clad beads is to use nonsusceptible steels such as SA508 class 3. At present domestically developed forging steel of SA508 cl.S is now being cladded with single layer by using 90mm wide strip, which transfers higher heat input into the base metal compared to the conventional two layers strip cladding which has been in wide use with 30-60 mm wide strip. But the current indices for the influence of heat input on crack susceptibility are not accurate enough to express the subtle difference in crack susceptibility of the steel. Therefore, the purpose of this present study is: l) To determine UCC susceptibility on domestic forging steel, SA508 cl.S cladded with single layer by using submerged arc 90mm strip and, 2) To optimize heat input range by which the crack susceptibility could be eliminated.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.577-582
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• 2002

The solidification cracking susceptibilities of AI-Mg-Si alloy laser welds were assessed using the self-restraint tapered specimen crack test. The cracking susceptibility of 6061 and 6082 Al-Mg-Si alloy laser welds was substantially reduced when the filler wire containing high Si such as Al-12 wt.% Si (4047A) was used. The amount of eutectic was observed to affect the solidification cracking of Al-Mg-Si alloy laser welds. Abundant eutectic seems to heal the cracking and reduces the cracking susceptibility, while an initial increase in eutectic liquid leads to the increased cracking tendency.

• International Journal of Korean Welding Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.42-46
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• 2002

The solidification cracking susceptibilities of Al-Mg-Si alloy laser welds were assessed using the self-restraint tapered specimen crack test. The cracking susceptibility of 6061 and 6082 Al-Mg-Si alloy laser welds was substantially reduced when the filler wire containing high Si such as Al-12 wt.% Si (4047A) was used. The amount of eutectic was observed to affect the solidification cracking of Al-Mg-Si alloy laser welds. Abundant eutectic seems to heal the cracking and reduces the cracking susceptibility, while an initial increase in eutectic liquid leads to the increased cracking tendency.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.39-52
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• 1990

The research is to insure the soundness of the stainless steel overlaid weld metal(21/4Cr-IMo steel + SUS 309L) for a pressure vessel application. Detail studies were conducted for the PWHT influence on the micrstructure and intergranular corrosion characteristics of the overlaid weld metal as well as initiation of hydrogen embrittlement crack(or Disbonding) when welded metal are exposed to the hydrogen atmosphere. Hydrogen was experimentally charged to the overlaid weld metal in order to study PWHT effect on the susceptibility of hydrogen embrittlement crack. The results of this research are as follows: 1. At the bond region, austenite grain of the stainless steel side became coarsed and Cr23C6 type carbide was precipitated at the coarsed austenitic grain boundaries. Intergranular Corrosion width(by Straiss test) increased with increasing PWHT temperature and PWHT time.

• International Journal of Korean Welding Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2001

The solidification cracking susceptibilities of Al-Mg alloy laser welds were assessed using self-restraint tapered specimen crack test. The dependence of cracking susceptibility of Al-Mg alloy laser welds on Mg contents was observed to be similar to that of arc welds in the same materials. The cracking susceptibility of Al-Mg alloy laser welds increased as Mg content increased up to 1.6-1.9 wt.% and then it decreased as Mg content increased further. The peak cracking susceptibility occurred at around 1.6 to 1.9 wt.% Mg for both autogenous and wire feed welds. It was also observed that the cracking susceptibility decreased as the grain size of Al-Mg alloy laser welds decreased, when Mg content was in the range higher than 1.9 wt.%.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.614-621
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• 2001

A study was carried out to determine the solidification cracking susceptibility of Ni-base superalloy as a function of Fe content in base metal. Three kinds of Ni-base superalloys with three different levels of Fe content were used. The solidification cracking susceptibility was evaluated by the Trans-Varestraint test at four different strain levels. Quantitative analysis of crack revealed that the solidification crack length and the temperature range in which hot cracking occurred in fusion zone (Brittle Temperature Range, BTR) decreased with a decrease in Fe content. Further, the thermo-calc data indicated that the solidification temperature range also decreased with decreasing Fe content. From these results, it was deduced that the improvement of the solidification cracking susceptibility with decreasing Fe content was attributed to the decrease of the solidification temperature range.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.62-69
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• 1984

In this study, cold crack susceptibility of high strength steel (ABS EH32 Steel) welded zone with shielded metal are welding was investigated by tensile restraint cracking test method. Effects of diffusible hydrogen content on root cracking, lower critical stress, crack initiation and fracture mode, hardness value distribution of welded zone and fractograph were mainly investigated. Following conclusions are made: 1. In the view of the lower critical stress level, wet electrode, containing much diffusible hydrogen content shows lower value than dried electrode. 2. Hardness value(Hv 5kg) in Heat Affected Zone of wet electrode is higher than that of dried electrode caused by hydrogen embrittlement. 3. In the case of wet electrode, root crack is initiated and propagated in Heat Affected Zone and then propagated to weld metal, but using of dried electrode, root crack is initiated in Heat Affected Zone and propagated to weld metal without propagating in HAZ. 4. For wet electrode, quasi-cleavage fracture mode is majorly observed on the fracture surface of HAZ and partially of weld metal due to hydrogen embrittlement.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.436-444
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• 2010

The hot tear susceptibility of Al alloys was investigated by using a constrained-rod mold designed to quantify 8 types of tear tendency. The severity of the crack was scored by 5 grades on a scale of 0 to 4, with 0 being "no crack formed" and 4 being "complete separation by crack". The Hot Tear Susceptibility index (HTS) which consists of crack type scores and position scores, was proposed to compare the hot tear tendency of Al alloys. A356.0 cast alloy and AA6061 wrought Al alloy showed an HTS value of 27.5 and 53 respectively. The effects of Si, Cu, and Mg content on hot tear tendency were also investigated with a constrained-rod mold. The variation of HTS values with alloying elements represents similar behavior in the variation of the solidification range in a pseudo binary phase diagram.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.41-46
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• 2014

In this study, cracking susceptibility of laser cladding was investigated according to the processing parameters such as laser power, scan speed and feeding rate with blended powders of stellite#6 and technolase40s (WC+NiCr). The solidification microstructure of clad was composed of Co-based dendrite structures with ${\gamma}+Cr7C3$ eutectic phases at the dendritic boundaries. The crack propagation showed transgranular fracture along dendritic boundaries due to brittle chrome carbide at the eutectic phases. From results of fractography experiments, the fracture surface was typical cleavage brittle fracture in the clad and substrate. The number of clad cracks, caused by a tensile stress after the solidification, increased with increase of laser power, scan speed and feeding rate. Increase of the laser power caused large pores by facilitating WC decarburizing reaction. And the pores affected increase of crack susceptibility. High scan speed caused increment of clad cracks due to thermal stress and WC particle fractures. Also, increase of the feeding rate accompanied an amount of WC particles causing crack initiation and decarburizing reaction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1998.05b
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• pp.154-159
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• 1998

In order to assess the susceptibility of the environmentally assisted cracking(EAC) on SA508 Cl.3 steel in primary water condition, potential step test and slow strain rate test(SSRT) were conducted in a simulated crack tip condition. In this test, anodic dissolution was dominant in the crack tip environments. Proposed simple dissolution model is a modification of Hishida's anodic dissolution model at the plastic zone. One can predict actual crack growth rate with the smooth specimen through this model.