• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.24-45
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• 2012

In this paper, we present a survey of security and privacy preserving issues in M2M communications in Cyber-Physical Systems. First, we discuss the security challenges in M2M communications in wireless networks of Cyber-Physical Systems and outline the constraints, attack issues, and a set of challenges that need to be addressed for building secure Cyber-Physical Systems. Then, a secure architecture suitable for Cyber-Physical Systems is proposed to cope with these security issues. Eventually, the corresponding countermeasures to the security issues are discussed from four aspects: access control, intrusion detection, authentication and privacy preserving, respectively. Along the way we highlight the advantages and disadvantages of various existing security schemes and further compare and evaluate these schemes from each of these four aspects. We also point out the open research issues in each subarea and conclude with possible future research directions on security in Cyber-Physical Systems. It is believed that once these challenges are surmounted, applications with intrinsic security considerations will become immediately realizable.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.255-265
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• 2012

A cyber-physical system(CPS) is a collection of cyber and physical components that interact with each other to achieve a particular application. Here, the CPS is emerged the reliability and security problems. Particularly, the defect of reliability in the data/control transmission under the CPS can lead to serious damage. We discuss the reliability and security problem on CPS architecture. Then we would suggest the considerations of cyber security in industrial control systems built with CPS.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.111-126
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• 2022

As operations that were only conducted in physical space in the past change to operations that include cyberspace, it is necessary to analyze how cyber attacks affect weapon systems using cyber systems. For this purpose, it would be meaningful to analyze a tool that analyzes the effects of physical weapon systems in connection with cyber. The ROK military has secured and is operating the US JMEM, which contains the results of analyzing the effects of physical weapon systems. JMEM is applied only to conventional weapon systems, so it is impossible to analyze the impact of cyber weapon systems. In this study, based on the previously conducted cyber attack damage assessment framework, a framework for analyzing the impact of cyber attacks on physical missions was presented. To this end, based on the MOE and MOP of physical warfare, a cyber index for the analysis of cyber weapon system effectiveness was calculated. In addition, in conjunction with JMEM, which is used as a weapon system effect manual in physical operations, a framework was designed and tested to determine the mission impact by comparing and analyzing the results of the battle in cyberspace with the effects of physical operations. In order to prove the proposed framework, we analyzed and designed operational scenarios through domestic and foreign military manuals and previous studies, defined assets, and conducted experiments. As a result of the experiment, the larger the decrease in the cyber mission effect value, the greater the effect on physical operations. It can be used to predict the impact of physical operations caused by cyber attacks in various operations, and it will help the battlefield commander to make quick decisions.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.269-275
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• 2019

This paper addresses the control problem of cyber-physical systems under controller attack. A novel discontinuous Lyapunov functionals are employed to fully utilize sampled-data pattern which characteristic is commonly appeared in cyber-physical systems. By considering the limited resource of networks, cyber-attacks on the controller are considered randomly occurring and are described as an attack function which is nonlinear but assumed to be satisfying Lipschitz condition. Novel criteria for designing controller with robustness for cyber-attacks are developed in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Finally, a numerical example is given to prove the usefulness of the proposed method.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.389-395
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• 2022

With the evolution of technology, cyber physical systems (CPSs) are being upgraded, and new types of cyber attacks are being discovered accordingly. There are many forms of cyber attack, and all cyber attacks are made to manipulate the target systems. A representative system among cyber physical systems is a cyber physical power system (CPPS), that is, a smart grid. Smart grid is a new type of power system that provides reliable, safe, and efficient energy transmission and distribution. In this paper, specific types of cyber attacks well known as false data injection attacks targeting state estimation and energy distribution of smart grid, and protection strategies for defense of these attacks and dynamic monitoring for detection are described.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.56-63
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• 2022

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) can solve real problems by utilizing closely connected resources in the cyber world. Most problems arise because the physical world is uncertain and unpredictable. To address this uncertainty, information pouring from numerous devices must be collected in real-time, and each interconnected device must share the information. At this time, CPS must meet timing-related techniques and strict timing constraints that can deliver accurate information within predefined deadlines in order to interact closely beyond simply connecting the cyber and physical worlds. Timing errors in safety-critical systems, such as automobiles, aviation, and medical systems, can lead to catastrophic disasters. In this paper, we classify timing problems into two types: real-time delay and synchronization problems. The results of this study can be used in the entire process of CPS system design, implementation, operation, verification, and maintenance. As a result, it can contribute to securing the safety and reliability of CPS.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.347-357
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• 2013

Cyber-Physical system(CPS) is characterized by collaborating computational elements controlling physical entities. In CPS, human desire to acquire useful information and control devices anytime and anywhere automatically has increased the necessity of a high reliable system. However, the physical world where CPS is deployed has management complexity and maintenance cost of 'CPS', so that it is impossible to make reliable systems. Thus, this paper presents an 'Autonomic Control System towards High-reliable Cyber-Physical Systems' that comprise 8-steps including 'fault analysis', 'fault event analysis', 'fault modeling', 'fault state interpretation', 'fault strategy decision', 'fault detection', 'diagnosis&reasoning' and 'maneuver execution'. Through these activities, we fascinate to design and implement 'Autonomic control system' than before. As a proof of the approach, we used a ISR(Intelligent Service Robot) for case study. The experimental results show that it achieves to detect a fault event for autonomic control of 'CPS'.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.235-238
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• 2016

With the vision of Internet of Things (IoT), physical world itself is becoming a connected information system on the Internet and cyber world is computing as a physical act to sense and respond to real-world events collaboratively. The systems that tightly interlink the cyber and physical worlds are often referred to as Smart Systems or Cyber-Physical Systems. Smart IoT Clouds aim to provide a cyber-physical infrastructure for utility (pay-as-you-go) computing to easily and rapidly build, modify and provision auto-scale smart systems that continuously monitor and collect data about real-world events and automatically control their environment. Developing specifications for service interoperability is critical to enable to achieve this vision. In this paper, we bring an issue to extend Open Cloud Computing Interface for uniform, interoperable interfaces for Smart IoT Cloud Services to access services and build a smart system through orchestrating the cloud services.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.86-92
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• 2013

사이버-물리 시스템(Cyber-Physical Systems, CPS)은 다수의 임베디드 시스템과 통신망 그리고 현실세계인 물리 시스템이 서로 밀접하게 연계되어 사용자가 필요로 하는 다양한 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 다양한 환경에서 동작하는 사이버-물리 시스템은 그 복잡성이 매우 크기 때문에 문제 발생에 대응하는 것이 쉽지 않다. 본고에서는 최근 IT 융합 연구 분야에서 많은 주목을 받고 있는 사이버-물리시스템(Cyber-Physical System, CPS)의 고신뢰성을 위한 '네트워크 기반 자율제어 CPS의 요소 기술'들에 대하여 알아본다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.4242-4268
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• 2014

The Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is a term describing a broad range of complex, multi-disciplinary, physically-aware next generation engineered system that integrates embedded computing technologies (cyber part) into the physical world. In order to define and understand CPS more precisely, this article presents a detailed survey of the related work, discussing the origin of CPS, the relations to other research fields, prevalent concepts, and practical applications. Further, this article enumerates an extensive set of technical challenges and uses specific applications to elaborate and provide insight into each specific concept. CPS is a very broad research area and therefore has diverse applications spanning different scales. Additionally, the next generation technologies are expected to play an important role on CPS research. All of CPS applications need to be designed considering the cutting-edge technologies, necessary system-level requirements, and overall impact on the real world.