• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

This study is aimed at finding an optimum density for 6-Dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) and cycloheximide which have an effect on the revitalization of porcine oocytes. The results were summarized as follows: 1. When 6-DMAP was treated with 2 mM for 2 hours, It showed a significantly (P<0.05) different high result in activation rate, cleavage rate and blastocyst growth rate of 51.2%, 52.7% and 25.2% respectively. 2. When Cycloheximide was treated with 5 ug/ml for 6 hours, It showed a significantly (P<0.05) different high result in activation rate, cleavage rate and blastocyst growth rate of 47.7%, 46.8%, and 27.3% respectively. 3. When it was cultured in the culture medium, NCSU, for 7 days after inducing activation with 6-DMAP and cycloheximide, it showed no differences in the number of inner cell mass (ICM) and total cell of blastocysts. To conclude, it has been examined for porcine oocytes to be suitable when 6-DMAP was treated with 2 mM for 2 hours, Cycloheximide with 5 ug/ml for 6 hours.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.366-377
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• 1994

The base composition of DNA of Aspergillus phoenicis, Rhizopus acidus and Candida albicans treated with cycloheximide and nalidixic acid during the culture was analyzed to compare with the control. The contents of base in the DNA were inhibited by cycloheximide, 20.4% of adenine, 43.1% of thymine, 40.9% of cytosine, 35.3% of guanine, 32.2% of purine, and 42.7% of pyrimidine for A. phoenicis. In R. acidus, 34.2% of adenine, 42.1% of thymine, 38.0% of cytosine, 18.1% of guanine, 24.1% of purine and 40.0% of pyrimidine were depressed by cycloheximide. In the antibiotic treatment of C. albicans, 58.3% of adenine, 58.5% of thymine, 58.1% of cytosine, 42.4% of guanine, 46.8% of purine and 58.8% of pyrimidine were inhibited to compare with the control. The nalidixic acid treatments were showed that, in A. phoenicis 41.6% of adenine, 47.1% of thymine, 59.3% of cytosine, 46.3% of guanine, 45.6% of purine and 57.2% of pyrimidine were inhibited. When R. acidus was treated with nalidixic acid, 59.1% of adenine, 54.7% of thymine, 35.3% of cytosine, 37.4% of guanine, 45.9% of purine and 44.9% of pyrimidine decreased. In treatment of nalidixic acid, the content of DNA was depressed 60.1% of adenine, 68.6% of thymine, 60.7% of cytosine, 40.0% of guanine, 45.8% of purine and 63.5% of pyrimidine for C. albicans In the DNA synthesis of three fungal cells, cycloheximide and nalidixic acid treatments were analyzed obviously that the biosynthesis of pyrimidine was depressed than that of purine. Therefore, it was showed that the DNA contents in the various fungal cells were inhibited remarkably in nalidixic acid treatment than cycloheximide.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.281-289
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• 1991

Neurospora crassa (KCTC 6079) produces tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) during sexual differentiation under derepressed conditions in the presence of inducers such as amino acid analogues, antimetabolites or protein synthesis inhibitors. The selection of inducer concentration and induction time as well as inducer type are critical for the optimization of the enzyme production. The best inducer was found to be cycloheximide. Since cycloheximide was toxic to the cells, an optimal inducer concentration and an optimal induction time were determined to maximize the enzyme production from batch cultures. Mathematical models for the cell growth and the enzyme production were proposed and used for process optimization. By optimizing the induction conditions, maximum tyrosinase productivity was increased significantly.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.297-303
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• 1972

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 1992

The effects of amphotericin B ($150\;\mu\textrm{g}/ml$) and cycloheximide ($10\;\mu\textrm{g}/ml$) on the biosynthesis of phospholipid and the composition of fatty acids in chloroplasts isolated from ChZorella were analyzed. The contents of the total lipid and phospholipid (PC, PE, PI) in treatment with antibiotics were lower compared with the control. In the whole cell system, the major fatty acids utilized for biosynthesis of phospholipid were palmitic acid (31.96%) and linoleic acid (16.96%) in control while those were palmitic acid (36.15%) and linolenic acid (16.71%) in treatment with amphotericin B. And in treatment with cycloheximide, palmitic acid (31.90%) and stearic acid (15.32%) were used in phospholipid formation. The major fatty acids in chloroplasts were analyzed as to be palmitic acid and linolenic acid in control (33.75%, 18.90%) and in treatment with amphotericin B (36.75%, 9.46%). However, it was shown that the major fatty acids in chloroplasts treated with cycloheximide were palmitic acid (28.01%) and oleic acid (19.27%).9.27%).

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2002

We investigated the optimal concentration and exposure time of cycloheximide(CHX) on development of activated porcine oocytes following electrical pulse(EP). After 42~44 h maturation, oocytes were treated with 0.1% hyaluronidase, and denuded cumulus cells by pipetting. Oocytes were stimulated by electric pulse (1.2 kV/cm, 30 $\mu$sec, 1 pulse) or incubated for 3, 5 and 7 h in cycloheximide (1, 5 and 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, respectively) following electric pulse, and cultured for 8 days. Cleavage rate of oocytes activated with 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ CHX following EP was significantly (P＜0.05) higher than those of 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ (86.8% vs. 74.4%). The developmental competence of oocytes incubated to 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ of CHX was significantly (P＜0.05) higher development to blastocysts (13.3%), compared with 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ of CHX (5.6%). When the oocytes were activated with 5$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ CHX for 3, 5, and 7 h following EP, the cleavage rate of oocytes in 5 h group(86.6%) was significantly (P＜0.05) higher than that in 3 h group(73.2%). The developmental rate of oocytes to morula in 5 and 7 h groups(26.7% and 16.4%) were significantly (P＜0.05) high than that in 3 h group(14.5%). Matured oocytes were activated with electric pulse (EP) or electric pulse combined with cycloheximide (EP + CHX) and cultured for 8 days. The rate of cleavage and development to blastocyst (80.1% and 11.6%) of activated with EP group were similar to EP combined with CHX group. When activated with EP or EP combined with CHX, the mean cell number of blastocysts were less in the activated with EP (18.67$\pm$5.53) than in the activated EP combined CHX (20.71$\pm$6.16), but not significantly different. This results suggest that, when the porcine oocytes were activated with CHX following EP, the developmental rate of activated oocytes can be improved by treated with a concentration of 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ CHX for 5 h exposure time.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2006

Electrical treatment has been widely used for porcine oocytes activation. However, developmental rates following electrical activation of porcine oocytes is relatively inefficient compared to other domestic animals. To investigate the effects of porcine oocytes on combined activation by both chemical and electrical treatment, in-vitro matured oocytes were activated by combined cycloheximide and electrical pulses treatment. Cumulus-free oocytes were exposed with NCSU-23 medium containing cycloheximide $(10{\mu}g/ml)$ for 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 min and then activated by electrical pulse treatment and cultured in PZM-3 for 8 days. Also effects of exposure to $6.25{\mu}M$ calcium ionophore for 2 min for cumulus-free oocytes were tested. The percentage of blastocyst formation in 10 min exposure to $10{\mu}g/ml$ cycloheximide and electrical pulse treatment was significantly increased (P<0.05) than in the control group. And exposure to $6.25{\mu}M$ calcium ionophore for 2 min with $10{\mu}g/ml$ cycloheximide for 10min and electrical pulse treatment significantly increased (P<0.05) the percentage of blastocyst developmental rates than the control group. In conclusion, activation by combined cycloheximide and electrical stimulation treatment promoted the subsequent development of porcine oocytes and improved the subsequence blastocyst development.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.91-101
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• 1997

The biosynthesis of phospholipid and the composition of fatty acid in C. ellipsoidea mitochondria treated with antibiotics(cycloheximide, nalidixic acid) during the culture analyzed. The growth of Chlorella and the contents of total lipid in mitochondria treated with antibiotics were lower than those of the control. The synthesis of PC (phosphatidylcholine) and PI(phosphatidylinostiol) were inhibited in the nalidixic acid treatment and also the contents of PC(phosphatidylcholine), PE (phosphatidylethanolamine), PG(phosphatidylglycerol) and PI(phosphatidylinositol) in the cycloheximide treatment were also inhibited. The major fatty acids utilized for the various phospholipids formation in each antibiotics treatment were analyzed stearic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid at the late phase of the culture.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 1999

Bovine oocytes with compact and complete cumulus cells were cultured in 6 groups for up to 24h in TCM199 buffered with 25 mmol/1 HEPES and supplemented with 10% FCS, 1 mg/ml $17{\beta}$-estradiol, 20 IU/ml hCG. Half of the oocytes at each group cultured in the presence of $25{\mu}g/ml$ cycloheximide at different times during maturation (0, 6, 12, 18, 20, 22 h) were fixed at 24 h of maturation to examine the nuclear progression. The rests of them were inseminated with frozen-thawed spermatozoa in medium BO with 10 mg/ml BSA and 10 mg/ml heparin and fixed after additional 18-20 h culture to evaluate the sperm head transformation. When a protein synthesis inhibitor was added at the onset of the maturation, the oocytes were prevented to proceed GVBD. A few of the oocytes (16%) were able to be penetrated and sperm head decondensation was inhibited either. Addition of cycloheximide after 6-12 h of culture resulted in an increasing percentage of GVBCD (more than 80%), but the oocytes became arrested in M-I (69.2%). More than half of the oocytes was penetrated with a decondensing sperm head. Formation of male pronucleus was first obtained at 12 h of culture in the presence of cycloheximide. When cycloheximide was added from 18 h of culture onwards, nuclear progression to M-II was increasingly restored (80.4-85.5%). The proportion of male and female pronuclear formation increased from 17.9% to 46.2%. It is concluded that protein synthesis is necessary not only for GVBD and development from M-I to M-II, but also for sperm head decendensation and male pronuclear formation in bovine oocytes.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.47-50
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• 2000

In suspension cultures of Streptanthus. the uptake rate of sugar was increased during the ceil starvation of sugar in the medium. The maximal uptake rate obtained with 3 days of cell starvation. Sugar transport system induced by the sugar starvation was completely inhibited by 10 $\mu$M cycloheximide. Plant cells are known to possess only one sugar transport system, but the uptake rate of glucose obtained a saturated kinetic while the one of sucrose had two different kinetics after the sugar starvation. Induced sugar transport systems had different kinetics compared to plant cell. These results showed that higher plants have adaptable ability to induce new sugar transport systems when the environment changed unsuitable.