• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 1997

The study aimed at investigating the living time as well as disability degree of the elderly based on daily living acting capability and living activity degree. The survey was conducted through the home-visit interview during half month at july, 1996 by the students of nursing department who were previously trained. The survey targeted the elderly aged 65 years or more living at home in rural area. The study tried to utilize Activity Inventory(AI) made for examing health and disease, disability degree, and living acting degree of the elderly. Among the AI's, there are Physical Activity of Daily Living(PADL), Instrumental Activity of Daily Living(IADL), maximum daily activity scope, and physical and mental activity level of the elderly. The daily living time is surveyed physiologic time(sleeping, eating and grooming), labor time(occupation, housekeeping and farming) and leisure time(reading, sport hobby-life). Results of the study show that social activity degree of the elderly is found to be lower than that PADL, LADL, and daily living scope. It seems that the elderly suffer from inability in daily life with lower social activity degree. But the labour time of the daily living time is the most amount time in the targeted 361 elderlys through random sampling. Therefore postponement of the disability of aging should be devised to encourage the labour activity of the elderly.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.361-371
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to assess the daily steps, physical activities and activity coefficient of the elementary school children in the rural area. Body weight, height and daily steps were measured and one-day activity diaries were collected by interviewing children. The average age of the subjects was $9.96{\pm}1.02$ years. Average height, weight, obesity index, body fat and muscle of subjects were $136.2{\pm}8.9cm,\;35.2{\pm}8.5kg,\;99.6{\pm}18.8%,\;22.9{\pm}8.5%\;and\;35.8{\pm}6.0%$, respectively. The average daily steps of the subjects was 17,584 and daily steps (19,314) of 3rd grade students was significantly higher than that (15,712) of 5th grade children. But there was no significant difference in daily steps and activity coefficients between boys and girls. Daily steps (23,347) of exercise group showed the significantly higher than that (16,144) of non-exercise group. Gender and grade of subjects did not have significant influence on activity coefficients, but there was a significant difference in activity coefficient on weekdays between the exercise group ($1.82{\pm}0.30$) and non-exercise group ($1.50{\pm}0.21$). Analysis of variance revealed stronger associations between daily steps and body fat (%) than between daily steps and BMI. Daily steps showed significant negative correlation with body fat (%) measured using two methods r=-0.321 and r=-0.365, respectively. Activity coefficient was significantly correlated (r=0.436) with daily steps, thus increasing daily steps cm prevent and treat childhood obesity by increasing the energy expenditure. The higher activity coefficients (weekday 1.56, weekend 1.53) of the subjects was caused by the fact that rural students spent more time outside and enjoyed stronger activities than urban students. The results of this study can be used to estimate energy requirements for Korean children based on exercise levels and living areas.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2013

This study explores the types of daily routines in child care centers based on the time planned for indoor free choice activities, outdoor activities, group activities and nap/rest. The daily routine plans of 63 classes of 0 to 2-year-olds and 51 classes of 3 to 5-year-olds were cluster analyzed. Also, openness and closeness of child care programs as well as the most participated indoor/outdoor activities were examined using questionnaires developed for teachers. The results were as follows: First, teachers planned the most time for free play choice activity and comparatively less time for outdoor play during the day. Time for rest and naps were planned more for 0-2 year-olds whereas group activities were planned more for the 3-5 year-olds. Second, 3 daily routine types were found in the daily plans of child care centers, such as "Low-Activity Oriented," "Free Choice Activity Oriented" and "Group Activity Oriented" in 0 to 2-year-old classes and 3 to 5-year-old classes. Also, "Group Activity Oriented" type in 0 to 2-year-old classes showed more "closed" child care programs than the "Free Choice Activity Oriented" type. However, no difference was shown among the 3 types of daily routines in the openness and closeness of 3 to 5-year-old child care programs. Finally, all children, regardless of the types of daily routine, participated most in block activity and role play indoors and fixed-play equipment, sand play and free play outdoors.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of instrumental-activity of daily living program on a patient with subacute stroke in the view of self-efficiency, motivation for rehabilitation, social support. Methods : Eight stroke patients who attended instrumental-activity of daily living program at P hospital in Busan Metropolitan City from march 2018 to January 2019 were recruited. Instrumental-activity of daily living program was offered to 8 stroke patients 1 session (at least 1 hours) a day, 5 times a week, for 4~5 weeks. The instrumental-activity of daily living program was based on occupational therapy practice framework (OTPF) and international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF). We evaluated self-efficacy, rehabilitation motivation, social support before and after intervention. Self-efficacy was evaluated using the general self-efficacy scale. The collected data was processed using SPSS 20.0 and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results : There were statistically significant differences in self-efficiency, rehabilitation motivation, social support between before and after instrumental-activity of daily living program (p<.05). Examining the correlation between the self-efficiency, rehabilitation motivation and social support of the stroke patient, there was a correlation between the self-efficiency and social support (p<.05). Conclusion : This study showed that the instrumental-activity of daily living program have positive effects on self-efficacy, rehabilitation motivation, social support. When considering the instrumental-activity of daily living program with improved self-efficacy, rehabilitation motivation, social support of the participants, we suggest that further studies will be needed to examine more extensive instrumental-activity of daily living and rehabilitation to the society with a larger sample size.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.182-190
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to identify correlates and variables predicting daily activity among elders with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Methods: Seventy-six elders registered in the Department of Endocrine Medicine at C university hospital participated in data collection. Data on daily activity and biochemical variables were collected via actigraph accelerator (Actical) and blood tests between September 2009 and July 2010. Data analysis was done using SPSS WIN 15.0 program and included one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: This study showed a positive correlation between daily activity and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) and a negative correlation among Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C). The variables predicting daily activity were frequency of exercise, HDL-C, and TC. These factors accounted for 40.0% of the variance of daily activity in elders with DM. Conclusion: The results indicate that it is necessary to improve daily activity to reduce Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), TC, and TG in elders with DM.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate depression and activity of daily living of patients with rheumatoid arthritis by their gender. Methods: The subjects for this study were 184 patients registered in S University Hospital. and the period of data collection was from May 1, 2012 to August 20, 2012. The data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Pearson's correlation. Results: For depression, there were significant differences by marriage and religion in male patients and by education in female patients. For activity of daily living, there were significant differences by marriage, age and education in female patients. Depression was negatively correlated with activity of daily living in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: Managing depression and activity of daily living were important for both male and female patients with rheumatoid arthritis. To promote the quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, nursing intervention strategies must be developed for decreasing depression or improving their activity of daily living.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.252-254
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• 2002

Djungarian hamsters show distinct seasonal rhythms in several physiological parameters. One of them is daily torpor that occurs in winter with decreased body temperature (about 1O-20$^{\circ}$C) during daytime. Daily torpor is induced by short-day photoperiod, food restriction and castration. But the mechanism to induce daily torpor has not been clarified. In the present study, we tried to clarify the process of daily torpor induction in detail. Adult male hamsters were kept in long photoperiod and high temperature (LP-HT) before the experiment and, thereafter, the animals were transferred to short photoperiod and low temperature (SP-LT), and they were kept in this condition for about six months. The daily rhythms of locomotor activity and body temperature were recorded every three-minutes by using the Minimitter telemetry system. Locomotor activity and body temperature showed very closely synchronized rhythms. All animals under LP-HT showed daily rhythms with higher locomotor activity and body temperature in nighttime than in daytime. Under SP-LT, there were two types of animals with and without showing daily torpor. Thus, they have individual differences in the response to SP -LT.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 1998

Objectives : The purposes of present study were to identify weight increment in female psychiatric patients during hospitalization and to evaluate the relationship between weight gain and daily calorie intake, daily activity and other variables of disease itself. Methods : 20 patients were studied. Body weight were measured once a week, and daily activity(total amounts of walking/day) and total amount of daily calorie intake were measured twice a week. We examined psychiatric and medical illness history, eating disorders' history and family history of eating disorders and obesity. Results: Mean body weight and Body Mass Index(BMI) at admission are 49.40kg and 19.59kg/$m^2$. Mean weight increment during hospital stays of mean 65 days is 4.90kg. Mean amounts of daily calorie intake and daily activity(daily walks) were increased during hospital stays, but not statistically significant. The degree of weight increment is higher in longer hospital stay group, but not statistically significant. Mean body weight at admission of mood disorder group is higher than that of schizophrenia group, but not statistically significant. Conclusion : This results suggested that weight increment in female psychiatric hospitalized patients is present. However, it is not resulted by amount of calorie intake and daily activity level.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.206-216
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• 2019

Purpose: This study is to investigate the low back pain, social support, impediment in daily living activities and to identify factors affecting impediment in elderly farmer' daily living activities. Methods: The participants were 128 elderly farmers who had received nerve block. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from February to March, 2018. They were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, pearson's correlation coefficient, and linear multiple regression. Results: The score of low back pain was $6.27{\pm}1.69$ (10 points), that of social support $2.92{\pm}0.76$ (1~5 points), and that of impediment in activity of daily living $2.01{\pm}0.82$ (0~5 points). Factors affecting impediment in activity of daily living were found to include age (p=.017), daily hours of farm work (p<.001), fear for the nerve block (p<.001), low back pain (p<.001), and social support (p<.001); the explanatory power of these variables was 58.8%. Conclusion: This study has found the controllable factors affecting impediment in activity of daily living among the rural elderly engaging in farm work include low back pain, social support, and daily farming hours. Therefore, to reduce impediment in activity of daily living among them, it is necessary to develop nursing interventions that can improve impediment in activity of daily living through reduction of daily farming hours using local resources. It is also desirable to improve their health status by reducing low back pain, and develop and apply social supports with health education programs that fit the local resources and the needs of the rural elderly.

• 아동학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.19-34
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• 2012

This study investigated the differences in time use patterns and psychological states across daily activity contexts and interpersonal contexts, depending on the levels of school maladjustment among elementary school students. Using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), 107 elementary school 6th grade students' daily time use patterns and psychological states across daily contexts were measured six times a day over a period of 4 days. Using the school maladjustment scale, an internal problem based school maladjusted group and an external problem based school maladjusted group were identified and selected. The daily time use patterns and psychological states of both school maladjusted groups were compared to those of the adjusted groups. The principle findings are as follows: first, the school maladjusted group students' daily time use patterns across daily activity contexts or interpersonal contexts did not differ from those of the students from the school adjusted group. Second, the school maladjusted group students experienced more negative emotions, lower concentration levels, and lower motivation levels across daily contexts than the school adjusted group students. These differences in motivation between the external problem school maladjusted group and adjusted group, however, were greater in the schoolwork context compared to the other daily activity contexts. The findings were discussed in the contexts of the daily experiences of child school maladjustment.