• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.99-104
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• 2007

The deep soil mixing, on ground modification technique, has been used for many diverse applications including building and bridge foundations, port and harbor foundations, retaining structures, liquefaction mitigation, temporary support of excavation and water control. This method has the basic objective of finding the most efficient and economical method for mixing cement with soil to secure settlements through improvement of stability on soft ground. In this research, the experiments were conducted on a laboratory scale with the various test conditions of mixing method; the angle of mixing wing, mixing speed. Strength and shapes of improved soil of these test conditions of deep mixing method were analysed. From the study, it was found that the mixing conditions affect remarkably to the strength and shapes of improved soils.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 2023

As global trade and maritime port environments change, the need to respond to larger and faster ships is increasing. Accordingly, new ports are being built around metropolitan cities such as Busan and Ulsan. In general, a compaction method using sand or gravel is applied to the construction of a new port. However, due to the lack of sand or gravel and the difficulty in securing economic feasibility due to the increase in unit price, the deep mixing method has recently been used. Therefore, in this study, CMD-SOIL using circulating resources was applied to the Ulsan area, and the applicability was determined by analyzing the laboratory mixing test and boring results at in-situ. As a result of the test, it was analyzed that it showed more than the design mixing strength, and it was possible to secure the similar performance as blast furnace slag cement. In addition, it was analyzed that the design standard strength can be sufficiently secured as a result of in-situ boring. Therefore, considering the field applicability in the Ulsan, it is judged that the use of CMD-SOIL is possible.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.500-506
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• 2011

The deep mixing method, which is generally considered as a method for improving soft ground, is assessed in terms of its applicability for urban construction. Using small equipment tailored to perform deep mixing in congested urban areas, deep mixing was performed to reinforce the foundation ground of a retaining wall in a redevelopment site in Seoul. Strengths characteristics, construction vibrations and displacements induced to an adjacent old masonry wall were evaluated by laboratory tests and field monitoring. The results indicate that the strength of ground was improved appropriately whilst the vibrations and displacements induced by deep mixing were slight enough to satisfy the general requirements for construction works in urban environments. Therefore, it is concluded that deep mixing method can be a practical option for foundation methods in urban construction works where minimizing noise and vibrations is an important concern.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.2425-2433
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• 2011

DSM (Deep Soil Mixing) is to establish soil-cement column by injecting of cement slurry and blending it in soft ground and have been introduced to Singapore in 1980s and now a days quite popular and considered as alternative method to the jet grouting for temporary earth retaining works and foundations. Herein this paper, the results of lab mixing test based on comparison of characteristics between OPC (Original Portland Cement) and PBFC (Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement), DSM field trial test and main installation results including monitoring, was presented and it would be referred to similar site later.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2020

In this study, the optimum ratio of soil-cement was derived to utilize carbon capture minerals(CCM) as soil-cement for deep mixing method, quality characteristics of soil-cement mixed with carbon capture minerals were evaluated. The CCM is generated in the form of a slurry, and as a result of evaluating water content, it was found to be about 50%. Accordingly, the water content of CCM was removed in the unit water of Soil-cement mix. As a result of field mixing of soil-cement using CCM on field soil, it showed that the design allowable bearing capacity was satisfied by showing 3.0MPa or more as of 28 days of age. As a result of the hazard verification of carbon capture minerals, 0.055mg/L of Cu was detected, but satisfies the acceptance criteria, and no other harmful substances were eluted.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.841-846
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss some of harbor foundation constructed on seashore soft ground by Deep Wing Mixing in deep mixing method. A series of laboratory and field experiments including unconfined compressive strength, permeability, geo-physical survey, sea water concentration, lateral and settlement measurement, field core sample were carried out to check physical, mechanical and environmental characteristics of solidified foundation soil treated by HWS solidifying agent. The results from this research showed that Deep Wing Mixing method could be efficiently applied in the construction site of seashore structure foundation.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.543-554
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• 2019

İzmir Bay reserves high amount of residual alluvial deposits generated by Meles River at its stream mouth. These carried sediments with high water content and low bearing capacity are unsuitable in terms of engineering purposes. In-situ soil stabilization with deep soil mixing method is considered to improve properties of soil in this location. This method is widely used especially over Scandinavia, Japan and North America. Basically, the method covers mixing appropriate binder into the soil to improve soil profile according to the engineering needs. For this purpose, soil samples were initially provided from the site, classification tests were performed and optimum ratios of lime and cement binders were determined. Following, specimens representing the in-situ soil conditions were prepared and cured to be able to determine their engineering properties. Unconfined compression tests and vane shear tests were applied to evaluate the stabilization performance of binders on samples with different curing periods. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe time-dependent bonding progress of binders in order to validate the results. Utilization of 4% lime and 4% cement mixture for the long-term performance and 8% lime and 8% cement mixture for short term performance were suggested for the stabilization of Meles Delta soils. Development of CSH and CAH in a gel form as well as CSH crystals were clearly observed on SEM images of treated specimens.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.361-375
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• 2015

Constructions over soft and loose soils are one of the most frequent problems in many parts of the world. Cement and cement-lime mixture have been widely used for decades to improve the strength of these soils with the deep soil mixing method. In this study, to investigate the freeze-thaw effect of sand improved by polymers (i.e., styrene-acrylic-copolymer-SACP, polyvinyl acetate-PVAc and xanthan gum) and fly ash, unconfined compression tests were performed on specimens which were exposed to freeze-thaw cycles and on specimens which were not exposed to freeze-thaw cycles. The laboratory test results concluded that the unconfined compressive strength increased with the increase of polymer ratio and curing time, whereas, the changes on unconfined compressive strength with increase of freeze-thaw cycles were insignificant. The overall evaluation of results has revealed that polymers containing fly ash is a good promise and potential as a candidate for deep soil mixing application.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.45-50
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• 2011

As the Deep Cement Mixing Method is composed of drilled natural soft soil structure and injected cement slurry to be mix together in it, the nature of excavated ground is influenced directly to the application of constructability. Also the nature of in situ soil is the main material, the mix design and construction work plan should be established before the investigation of soil which is performed through the whole site confirm the soil parameter before construction. The nature of investigated soil and water level as should be performed accurately.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.665-681
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• 2023

Liquefaction is one of the most devastating geotechnical phenomena that severely damage vital structures and lifelines. Before constructing structures on problematic ground, it is necessary to improve the site and solve the geotechnical problem. Among ground improvement methods dealing with liquefaction, gravel drain (GD) columns and deep soil mixing (DSM) columns are popular. In this study, the results of a series of seismic experiments in a 1g environment on a structure located over liquefiable ground with different thicknesses reinforced with GD and DSM techniques were presented. The dynamic response of the reinforced ground system was investigated based on the parameters of subsidence rate, excess pore water pressure ratio, and maximum acceleration. The time history of the input acceleration was applied harmonically with an acceleration range of 0.2g and at frequencies of 1, 2, and 3 Hz. The results show that the thickness of the liquefiable layer and the frequency of the input motion have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the improvement method and all responses. Among the two techniques used, DSM in thick liquefied layers was much more efficient than GD in controlling the subsidence and rupture of the soil under the foundation. Maximum settlement values, settlement rate, and foundation rotation in the thicker liquefied layer at the 1-Hz input frequency were higher than at other frequencies. At low thicknesses, the dynamic behavior of the GD was closer to that of the DSM.