• Title/Summary/Keyword: Deep-sea

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Current Status of Domestic and Overseas Research of the Characteristics and Use of Deep Sea Water (해양심층수의 특성과 이용 및 국내외 연구현황)

  • Chung, Kap-Taeck;Lee, Sang-Hyun
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.592-598
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    • 2008
  • Deep sea water is found more than 200 m under the surface. As no sunlight reaches, no photosynthesis takes place, and it has very little organic matter or bacteria. In addition, deep sea water maintains a consistently low temperature throughout the year, and it does not mix with the water found closer to the surface, which means that its cleanliness is preserved. It is a long-term mature sea water resource that is rich in minerals. This paper examined the physical characteristics and the uses of deep sea water, a subject that has been attracting a great deal of public attention recently, together with the current status of domestic research into it and the direction of research in the USA and Japan, focusing on the existing literature. The aim of this paper was to provide are source to researchers in the field. Since the 1970s, scientists around the world have recognized the importance of deep sea water, and have been conducting research into it. In the USA, deep sea water has been researched with the view of its application to cooling, alternative energy, farming, and the development of new materials. In Japan, about 10 local self-governing bodies are currently promoting research and business relating to deep sea water, which has resulted in a number of products that have been released to the market. In Korea, the ministry of land transport and marine affairs has been studying deep sea water since 2000, and full-scale national R&D projects have been performed by 24 organizations, including KORDI, through industrial/academic cooperation. Large companies are participating in deep sea water research projects in several ways. A study of data foundusing NDSL relating to domestic studies of deep sea water found 50 theses, 177 domestic patents, 6 analyses, 2 reports, and 2 etc. in other areas.

Current Status of Applied Korean Patents Regarding the Deep Sea Water (해양심층수 관련 국내 특허출원 동향)

  • Chung, Kap-Taeck;Lee, Sang-Hyun
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.261-271
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    • 2009
  • Deep sea water exists at depths of over 200m under the sea. As no sunlight reaches it, photosynthesis does not take place within it, and it contains no organic matter. In addition, its temperature is maintained at a stable low level throughout the year, so it does not get mixed with the sea water on the surface. It contains a large amount of nutritious salts, whose cleanness is maintained. It is a marine resource that has matured for a long period of time. Research into deep sea water, which started in the 1970s, has been made around the whole world, including the USA and Japan. In Korea, research has been active in this area since 2000. As there has been a good amount of research into industrial applications for deep sea water, since 1993, patents for the relevant technologies have been applied. This paper intends to provide a resource to researchers of deep sea water, by summarizing of all domestic deep sea water-related patents applied with Korean Intellectual Property Office from 1993 to 2008. This research was conducted using a computer and KIPRIS Database owned by the Korea Institute of Patent Information. 'Deep sea water' was used as the search keyword. A total of 222 Korean patents relating to deep sea water have been registered on the basis of IPC. Of these, 126 patents relate to the manufacturing and the treatment of foods, foodstuffs, or non-alcoholic beverages(A23L), while 50 patents relate to the production for medical, dental, or cosmetic purposes(A61K). 38 patents relate to water purification, treatment of wastewater, sewage and sludge (C02F), while 8 patents relate to fishery and farming(A01K). In summary, it was found that studies for the practical use of deep sea water have been conducted in relation to the manufacturing and the treatment of foods, foodstuffs, beverages, and cosmetics.

A Data Envelopment Analysis Model for Evaluation of Efficiency of Deep-Sea Fishing Industry (원양어업의 효율성 평가를 위한 자료포락 분석 모형)

  • Kim, Jae-Hee;Choi, Kang-Deuk;Kim, Soo-Kwan
    • The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.49-65
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    • 2008
  • In Korea, deep-sea fishing industry is faced with pressure of being thrown out of business, because of the upcoming unfavorable business conditions such as the fishing regulation of coastal countries, Korea-US Free Trade Agreement(KORUS FTA), and the other socio-economic changes. Hence, we present an evaluation of future business competitive for the deep-sea fishing industry so that the government can develop a concession plan for the deep-sea fishing industry by utilizing the results of this study. In efficiency analysis of deep-sea fishing industry, the decision maker may have two problems: (1) how to deal with multiple inputs and outputs of deep-sea fishing industry and (2) how to assign the weights on different inputs and outputs, In this paper, we proposed to use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate efficiency of deep-sea fishing industry with multiple inputs and outputs. In the DEA, The direct impact of KORUS FTA, fishing regulation of coastal countries, fishing charges, and competitive fishing conditions were used as input parameters while the profitability and secured fishing quarters, as outputs. The results of DEA-BCC model indicate that 6 out of 12 DUMs have better efficiency under variable return to scale assumption.

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The sea Trial of Deep-sea Crabster CR6000 System (심해용 크랩스터 CR6000 시스템의 실해역 시험 결과)

  • Jun, Bong-Huan;Yoo, Seong-Yeol;Lee, Pan-Mook;Park, Jin-Yeong;Shim, Hyungwon;Baek, Hyuk
    • IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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    • v.12 no.5
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    • pp.331-341
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    • 2017
  • This paper presents the sea-trial results of Crabster CR6000 which is a deep-sea walking robot developed by KRISO in 2016. Crabster CR6000 is designed to inspect deep-sea environment rejecting the disturbance on the silent and calm abyssal area. The sea-trial was conducted at the East Sea and the Philippine Sea on December 2016. The Crabster CR6000 undocked successfully from the Shuttle after touchdown on the sea-bed and walked out on the soft sediment soil of the 4,743m seafloor at the fourth diving in the Philippine Sea. The advanced technologies and capabilities of CR6000 were verified from the operational and functional test conducted in the sea-trial. The experimental data acquired from the sea-trial were summarized and the first experience of the deep-sea walking robot was presented in this paper.

The Distribution of Epifaunal Megabenthos Varies with Deep-sea Sediment Conditions in the Korea Deep Ocean Study Area (KODOS) of the North-eastern Pacific (북동태평양 KODOS 해역 심해 해저특성에 따른 초대형저서동물 분포)

  • Yu, Ok Hwan;Son, Ju Won;Ham, Dong Jin;Lee, Gun Chang;Kim, Kyeong Hong
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.447-454
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    • 2014
  • In August, 2013, we collected epifaunal megabenthos using a deep sea camera (DSC) around a benthic impact study (BIS) site. This was located in the KR5 block of the Korea Deep Ocean Study (KODOS) area in the Northeastern Pacific. The DSC was positioned at $6.8{\pm}2.9m$ (SD) from the sea bottom and was operated from a position at $131^{\circ}56.85^{\prime}-131^{\circ}55.02^{\prime}W$ for 2.3 h at a speed of 1-2 knot. The geographical features of the study area consisted of two structures; a trough in the middle and hills at the east and west sides. Sediment conditions were consistent within six blocks and were affected by slope and polymetallic nodule deposits. We analyzed 226 megafaunal species. Sipunculida comprised the highest percentage of individuals (39%), and the dominant epifaunal megabenthos were Hormathiidae sp., Primnoidae sp., Hexactinellida sp., Hyphalaster inermis, Freyella benthophila, Paelopatides confundens, Psychropotes longicauda, and Peniagone leander. More than 80% of the total density of megafauna occurred on sea plain (D- and E-blocks). We found two distinct groups in the community, one located on sea plains and the other along both sides of the sea slop. Our results suggest that geographical features such as slope and polymetalic nodule deposits are important in controlling the distribution of the epifaunal megabenthos around the KODOS area.

Classification of Deep-sen Sediment by Geotechnical Properties from the KODOS Area in the C-C Zone of the Northeast Equatorial Pacific (북동태평양 클라리온-클리퍼톤 균열대 KODOS 지역 심해저 퇴적물의 지질공학적 특성에 따른 유형분류)

  • Chi, Sang-Bum;Hyeong, Ki-Seong;Kim, Jong-Uk;Kim, Hyun-Sub;Lee, Gun-Chang;Son, Seung-Kyu
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.529-543
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    • 2003
  • Deep-sea surface sediments, acquired from 1997 to 2002 in the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone of the northeast equatorial Pacific, were analyzed for index and geotechnical properties to provide background information for the design of manganese nodule minor. The sediments were classified into 16 types based on the measured properties and evaluated in terms of miner maneuverabillity and potential environmental impacts arising from mining activities. It was found that the middle part of the study area covered with coarse siliceous sediments is more favorable to the commercial production than the northern part of pelagic red clay. In particular, Area B2 in the middle part is considered the best mining site since it shows the highest abundance as well as it consists mostly of normally to over consolidated (types B, C, D) coarse siliceous sediments that are appropriate for effective minor movement and accompany weak environmental impacts. Taking account of all the analyzed core logs, the average shear-strength values are proposed as a practical guideline fur movements of a manganese nodule miner: 6.0 kPa at 10cm and 7.0kPa at 40cm below the seabed.

Regional Occurrence and Sedimentary Environment of Manganese Nodule in KODOS area, C-C zone of NE Pacific (북동태평양 한국 심해저 연구지역 망간단괴의 지역적 분포와 퇴적환경)

  • Chi, Sang-Bum;Kang, Jung-Keuk;Oh, Jae-Kyung;Son, Seung-Kyu;Park, Cheong-Kee
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.257-267
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    • 2003
  • Deep-sea bottom photographs acquired in the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone of the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed to reveal the controlling processes for the spatial variation of manganese nodule. The results show that regional-scale occurrence variations of manganese nodule are mainly controlled by primary productivity of surface water, sedimentation rate, and water depth (or carbonate compensation depth). As a result, the diagenetic accretion on nodules increases toward southwest while hydrogenetic accretion increases toward northeast. Considering the northwestward movement of Pacific Plate, this regional-scale variation of manganese nodule occurrence seems to be affected by oceanic environment during the active growth period (Oligocene-Miocene) of Pacific Plate.

Consideration on the Preparation of Current Meters for Deep-sea Mooring and Cause of Mooring Recovery Failures (유속계 심해계류 준비 및 유속계 회수 실패원인에 관한 고찰)

  • Hwang, Sang-Chul
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.207-213
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    • 2008
  • An interest in deep-sea measurements has been gradually increased in association with global warming and the need for deep-sea resources development. Long-term mooring of current meters has been recently conducted primarily for these purposes. In general, current meters equipped on a mooring line are deployed and recovered for a planned period in the sea. This paper describes all the preparations for deep-sea mooring. It also reviews the possible causes of the failures of recovery, which occasionally happens in the sea.

THE EFFECT OF MOUTH RINSE PRODUCTS CONTAINING DEEP SEA WATER (해양심층수를 이용한 구강청정제의 효과)

  • Kim, Seon-Ah;Jang, Hae-Jin;Yoo, Yung-Geun;Chu, Yong-Shik;Park, Yang-Ho;Park, Jun-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.601-608
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    • 2007
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mouthrinse products containing deep sea water. We used original deep sea water(DSW) and processed deep sea water desalinated by reverse osmosis at one time(DDW-1), by reverse osmosis at two times(DDW-2) and concentrated by reverse osmosis(CDW). We made 2 kinds of mouthrinse products containing CDW and other agents for smell and taste and one product without deep sea water. The negative control was distilled water. In vivo study, the dental plaque index scores and the gingival index scores were reduced after 4 weeks mouthrinsing three times daily with 4 kinds of deep sea water and 3 kinds of mouthrinse products(p<0.05). The pH of dental plaque in 1 minute after mouthrinsing was not higher than 5.5 in all solutions, but the pH in 20 minutes after mouthrinsing was higher than 5.7 in DSW, CDW and 3 kinds of products which had higher mineral contents. In vitro study, the mouthrinse solutions containing the higher mineral contents were also the more effective in reduction of methyl mercaptan which is one of the causes of halitosis. The 2 kinds of products containing deep sea water killed Streptococcus mutans(ATCC 25175) in culture plates in one minute. These results indicate the usability of deep sea water in mouthrinses for oral hygiene management.

Non-Liner Dynamic Analysis of First Cable of Deep-Sea Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (심해무인잠수정 1차 케이블의 비선형 동적 해석)

  • KWON DO-YOUNG;PARK HAN-IL;JUNG DONG-HO
    • Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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    • 2004.05a
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    • pp.123-130
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    • 2004
  • Ocean developments gradually move to deep-sea in the 21 century. A deep-sea unmanned underwater vehicle is one of important tools for ocean resource survey. A marine cable plays an important role for the safe operation of a deep-sea unmanned underwater vehicle. The first cable of a deep-sea unmanned underwater vehicle is excited by surface vessel motion and shows non-linear dynamic behaviors. A numerical method is necessary for analysing the dynamic behaviour of the first marine cable. In this study, a numerical program is estabilished based on a finite difference method. The program is appled to a 6000m long cable for a deep-sea unmanned underwater vehicle and shows good reasonable results.

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