• Title/Summary/Keyword: Defect

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Hump Characteristics of 64M DRAM STI(Shallow Trench Isolated) NMOSFETs Due to Defect (64M DRAM의 Defect 관련 STI(Shallow Trench Isolated) NMOSFET Hump 특성)

  • Lee, Hyung-J.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2000.05b
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    • pp.291-293
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    • 2000
  • In 64M DRAM, sub-1/4m NMOSFETs with STI(Shallow Trench Isolation), anomalous hump phenomenon of subthreshold region, due to capped p-TEOS/SiN interlayer induced defect, is reported. The hump effect was significantly observed as channel length is reduced, which is completely different from previous reports. Channel Boron dopant redistribution due to the defect should be considered to improve hump characteristics besides consideration of STI comer shape and recess.

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Silicon-Silicon dioxide 계면에서의 defect 거동 연구

  • Lee, Dong-Seok;Yun, Yong
    • Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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    • 2014.03a
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    • pp.505-507
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서는 제일원리 계산을 이용하여 $Si(100)/SiO_2$ 계면 내부에서 발생하는 point defect들의 거동에 대해 살펴보았다. Defect 계산에 앞서 안정한 $Si/SiO_2$ 계면을 찾아보았고 찾은 계면을 바탕으로 계면에서 point defect의 formation energy를 계산해 보았고 이를 통해 Si defect의 경우 Si층 쪽 보다는 $SiO_2$ 층에서, 그리고 계면 내부 보다는 계면 경계 근처에서 발생할 가능성이 높음을 보였다.

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Legal Direction of Defect Warranty Liability in the Korean Construction Industry

  • Cho, Young-Jun
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.195-202
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    • 2018
  • The defects that are bound to arise in most construction projects cause disputes among the contracting parties regarding the defect warranty liability (DWL)guaranteed by the retention of the contractor's performance security at the end of the performance period of the contract. Most current projects involve a multiple-tier contractual relationship, causing the liability for some defects to overlap. In addition, many construction projects are made up of multiple detailed work types which an expert hired by the owner inspects the part completed by the contractor and pays an interim payment. However, after the completion of work, the contractor will still hold the defect warranty liability. In a scenario in which the work is delayed due to reasons for which the owner is responsible, the defect warranty liability period is also increased, imposing an additional burden on the contractor. In this study, basic research was carried out with the goal of reducing problems related to defect warranty liability Problems related to defect warranty liability cases and the nature of the defect warranty liability period were investigated. Possible solutions to the problems caused by the DWL that were suggested include the separation of the negligence liability period and the strict liability period, as well as the introduction of a retention money system.

Surgical Treatment of Atrial Septal Defect: Secundum Type (심방중격결손증의 외과적 요법)

  • 안광필;이영균
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.81-88
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    • 1975
  • Up to October 31, 1975, 34 cases of atrial septal defect, secundum type, operated in this department, were presented. This is 23.2% of all congenital heart diseases, operated utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass, in this department during this period [34 out of 146]. Out of 34 cases, 32 cases are pure ostium secundum type and one case is sinus venosus and another one is ostium secundum type with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Six cases of endocardial cushion defect and 3 cases of trilogy of Fallot are excluded in this report. All 34 cases are repaired under direct vision utilizing extracorporeal circulation. Among 34 cases of atrial septal defect, 16 cases are male, and 18 cases are female. Their ages range between 3 to 48 years, but over 59% of the cases are below the ages of 20 years. Thirty-two cases are repaired by direct sutures while 2 cases are repaired with Teflon patches. The average perfusion time is 30 minutes; the shortest 12 and the longest 81 minutes. The number of the defect is single in 31 cases, double in 2 cases, triple in one case. But the associated defect except the main defect are so small as can be closed by simple direct suture. The size of the defect is average $12cm^2$; the smallest 0.7 and the largest $25cm^2$. The surgical mortality is 2 cases [5.6%] and other cases are found to be excellent in the follow up studies.

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Study of the Improvement Measurement of Test project through Software Defect trend analysis (소프트웨어 결함 추이분석을 통한 테스트 프로젝트 개선방안에 대한 연구)

  • Jang, Jin-WooK
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.691-696
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    • 2015
  • The interest in software defects is growing. Companies are working on reducing them by various ways with a software development part, customer service part and quality management part. The defect data collected from them will be analyzed according to the condition and purpose to minimize the defect, and it will contribute to improving the quality of products. This study analyzed the software defect progress for companies based on the test maturity model, and set up the defect preventing process. They were applied to the project, and the number of defects decreased from 106 to 16. This study focused on the existing defect, which is a basic requirement for software quality management, and have importance by presenting a way to improve the software product quality with minimum resources.

Coexistent Atrial Septal Defect with Mitral Valve Disease: a report of 6 cases (승모판막질환을 합병한 심방중격결손증의 수술요법6례 보고)

  • Jo, Sung-Rae;Chae, Hurn;Rho, Joon-Rhyang
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.339-345
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    • 1979
  • Mitral valve disease is the most common disease of the acquired heart diseases, and atrial septal defect is also one of common congenital heart diseases. Coexistence of these two lesions is rare, but of great hemodynamic interest. Among 443 cases with mitral valve disease and 90 cases with atrial septal defect experienced in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, there were 6 cases with atrial septal defect complicated by mitral valve disease. 1. Of the 6 patients, four were female and two were male. The age was ranged from 18 to 46. 2. Atrial septal defect was ostium secundum type in all cases, and the mitral valvular lesions were regurgitation in four and stenosis in two. Type II ventricular septal defect was also combined in one of the cases. 3. The atrial septal defect was corrected by, primary closure and the mitral valve was replaced with the prosthetic or bioprosthetic valve in all cases. The combined ventricular septal defect was closed using Teflon felt patch. 4. The operative result was good except in one who was expired of bacterial endocarditis 4 months after hospital discharge.

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Detection of Defects on Repeated Multi-Patterned Images (반복되는 다수 패턴 영상에서의 불량 검출)

  • Lee, Jang-Hee;Yoo, Suk-In
    • Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.386-393
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    • 2010
  • A defect in an image is a set of pixels forming an irregular shape. Since a defect, in most cases, is not easy to be modeled mathematically, the defect detection problem still resides in a research area. If a given image, however, composed by certain patterns, a defect can be detected by the fact that a non-defect area should be explained by another patch in terms of a rotation, translation, and noise. In this paper, therefore, the defect detection method for a repeated multi-patterned image is proposed. The proposed defect detection method is composed of three steps. First step is the interest point detection step, second step is the selection step of a appropriate patch size, and the last step is the decision step. The proposed method is illustrated using SEM images of semiconductor wafer samples.

Evaluation of Defect Types for Characteristic Database Construction of Large Sewage Box Culverts (대형 하수박스암거의 속성 데이터베이스 구축을 위한 결함유형 평가)

  • Han, Sangjong;Song, Homyeon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.619-628
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    • 2017
  • As the 3D laser scanning technology capable of databaseing large sewage box culverts becomes possible, it is necessary to develop a standardization manual that can clearly distinguish the structural and operational defect types of box culver and analyze the defect data. In this study, we collected and analyzed defects in sewage box culverts of 14,827m in total by selecting three districts in Korea. The major defects were surface damages, and their defect densities were $2.17m^2/m$, $0.27m^2/m$ and $0.10m^2/m$ for aggregate exposure, Steel reinforcement exposure, and Steel reinforcement projecting. In order to support the decision of the box culverment management, it was divided into five grades and each defect code and defect score were allocated. The results of this study are useful for the diagnosis of the sewage box culverts in Korea and it is expected to support a decision making for management.

Aberration Extraction Algorithm for LCD Defect Detection (대면적 LCD 결함검출을 위한 수차량 추출 알고리즘)

  • Ko, Jung-Hwan;Lee, Jung-Suk;Won, Young-Jin
    • 전자공학회논문지 IE
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    • v.48 no.4
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2011
  • In this paper we show the LCD simulator for defect inspection using image processing algorithm and neural network. The defect inspection algorithm of the LCD consists of preprocessing, feature extraction and defect classification. Preprocess removes noise from LCD image, using morphology operator and neural network is used for the defect classification. Sample images with scratch, pinhole, and spot from real LCD color filter image are used. From some experiments results, the proposed algorithms show that defect detected and classified in the ratio of 92.3% and 94.5 respectively. Accordingly, in this paper, a possibility of practical implementation of the LCD defect inspection system is finally suggested.

Determination of defect depth in industrial radiography imaging using MCNP code and SuperMC software

  • Khorshidi, Abdollah;Khosrowpour, Behzad;Hosseini, S. Hamed
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.52 no.7
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    • pp.1597-1601
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    • 2020
  • Background: Non-destructive evaluation of defects in metals or composites specimens is a regular method in radiographic imaging. The maintenance examination of metallic structures is a relatively difficult effort that requires robust techniques for use in industrial environments. Methods: In this research, iron plate, lead marker and tungsten defect with a 0.1 cm radius in spherical shape were separately simulated by MCNP code and SuperMC software. By 192Ir radiation source, two exposures were considered to determine the depth of the actual defined defect in the software. Also by the code, displacement shift of the defect were computed derived from changing the source location along the x- or y-axis. Results: The computed defect depth was identified 0.71 cm in comparison to the actual one with accuracy of 13%. Meanwhile, the defect position was recognized by disorder and reduction in obtained gamma flux. The flux amount along the x-axis was approximately 0.5E+11 units greater than the y-axis. Conclusion: This study provides a method for detecting the depth and position of the defect in a particular sample by combining code and software simulators.