• Proceedings of the Korean Society Of Semiconductor Equipment Technology
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.59-62
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• 2004

The defect formation energy of boron nitride (BN) nanotubes is investigated using molecular-dynamics simulation. Although the defect with tetragon-octagon pairs (4-88-4) is favored in the flat cap of BN nanotubes, BN clusters, and the growth of BN nanotubes, the formation energy of the 4-88-4 defect is significantly higher than that of the pentagon-heptagon pairs (5-77-5) defect in BN nanotubes. The 5-77-5 defect reduces the effect of the structural distortion caused by the 4-88-4 defect, in spite of homoelemental bonds. The instability of the 4-88-4 defect generates the structural transformation into BNNTs with no defect at about 1500 K.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.618-621
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• 2007

The existing defect management is focused on step before closing work, a builder preliminary research and tenant preliminary research. Each step is not related. And the existing study on defect management mainly classify into work type and defect type according to work type. This study divide into defect part. Also this study propose PDA based web and 3DCAD for improving method of existing defect management.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.3852-3859
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• 2021

This paper presents experimental and numerical analysis results regarding the effects of an incomplete penetration defect on the fatigue lives of socket welded pipes. For the experiment, four-point bending fatigue tests with various defect geometries (defect depth and circumferential length) were performed, and test results are presented in terms of stress-life data. The results showed that for circumferentially short defects, the fatigue life tends to increase with increasing crack depth, but for longer defects, the trend becomes the opposite. Finite element analysis showed that for short defects, the maximum principal stress decreases with increases in crack depth. For a longer defect, the opposite trend was found. Furthermore, the maximum principal stress tends to increase with an increase in defect length regardless of the defect depth.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.241-249
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• 1977

Atrial septal defect is one of the most frequently encountered congenital heart disease. Up to December 31, 1976, 1682 cardiac patients received cardiac catheterization in the cardiac department of Yonsei university medical college. Out of the 1682 cardiac patients 723 cases had congenital heart disease and only 116 cases had congetial atrial septal defect. This amounted to 16.04% of all those with congenital heart disease. 58 cases of congenital atrial septal defect operated in the chest surgery department were presented. Of these 58 cases of atrial septal defect, 27 cases were male and 31 cases were female. Their ages ranged from 5 years to 54 years. The systolic pressure of the main pulmonary artery of 40 out of the 58 cases of atrial septal defect was below 40% of that of the systemic blood pressure: in 6 cases, the range of the systolic pressure of the main pulmonary artery was 50-90mmHg; in 12 cases, the range of the systolic pressure of the main pulmonary artery was 40-50mmHg. Average age of these was 30. 1 years. This study tends to show that Korean patients with atrial septal defect even though younger have a slight higher systolic pressure of the main pulmonary artery than Western patients have. The pulmonary blood is 1.5-2.5 times of systemic blood flow in 52 cases out of 58 cases of atrial septal defect.In only one of the 58 cases of atrial septal defect, the Rp was found to be as high as 45% of Rs. All other cases were below this level.51 cases had ostium secundum defect, 4 out of these cases had ostium secundum defect combined with mitral incompetence and 6 out of them had double ostium secundum defect. The remaining 7 cases had ostium primum defect. Their atrial defects were repaired under direct vision utilizing extracorporeal circulation, by hemodilution technic combined with moderate hypothermia. 44 cases [2nd atrial septal defect] were repaired by direct sutures while 14 cases, including the 7 cases ostium primum defects needed patches [1 pericardium and 13 teflon patch]. In 4 cases there were single defects while showed two defects. However the associated septal defect was so small that it could be closed by direct sutures. The size of the defect ranged between 6.0cm2and 10.0cm2 in 19 cases[33.7%]: the smallest being 0. 5cm2 and the largest 24cm2. The surgical mortality was 2 cases [3.4%]. These one case with ostium primum defect, could not be resuscitated on operation table. The cause of death in this case was myocardial failure and MI. The other, a case of ostium primum defect had a second operation on the first operative day due to massive bleeding from LV vent-line insertion site.The patient died on 26th post-operative day due to sepsis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.230-240
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• 1977

Atrial septal defect is one of the most frequently encountered congenital heart disease. Up to December 31, 1976, 1682 cardiac patients received cardiac catheterization in the cardiac department of Yonsei university medical college. Out of the 1682 cardiac patients 723 cases had congenital heart disease and only 116 cases had congetial atrial septal defect. This amounted to 16.04% of all those with congenital heart disease. 58 cases of congenital atrial septal defect operated in the chest surgery department were presented. Of these 58 cases of atrial septal defect, 27 cases were male and 31 cases were female. Their ages ranged from 5 years to 54 years. The systolic pressure of the main pulmonary artery of 40 out of the 58 cases of atrial septal defect was below 40% of that of the systemic blood pressure: in 6 cases, the range of the systolic pressure of the main pulmonary artery was 50-90mmHg; in 12 cases, the range of the systolic pressure of the main pulmonary artery was 40-50mmHg. Average age of these was 30. 1 years. This study tends to show that Korean patients with atrial septal defect even though younger have a slight higher systolic pressure of the main pulmonary artery than Western patients have. The pulmonary blood is 1.5-2.5 times of systemic blood flow in 52 cases out of 58 cases of atrial septal defect.In only one of the 58 cases of atrial septal defect, the Rp was found to be as high as 45% of Rs. All other cases were below this level.51 cases had ostium secundum defect, 4 out of these cases had ostium secundum defect combined with mitral incompetence and 6 out of them had double ostium secundum defect. The remaining 7 cases had ostium primum defect. Their atrial defects were repaired under direct vision utilizing extracorporeal circulation, by hemodilution technic combined with moderate hypothermia. 44 cases [2nd atrial septal defect] were repaired by direct sutures while 14 cases, including the 7 cases ostium primum defects needed patches [1 pericardium and 13 teflon patch]. In 4 cases there were single defects while showed two defects. However the associated septal defect was so small that it could be closed by direct sutures. The size of the defect ranged between 6.0cm2and 10.0cm2 in 19 cases[33.7%]: the smallest being 0. 5cm2 and the largest 24cm2. The surgical mortality was 2 cases [3.4%]. These one case with ostium primum defect, could not be resuscitated on operation table. The cause of death in this case was myocardial failure and MI. The other, a case of ostium primum defect had a second operation on the first operative day due to massive bleeding from LV vent-line insertion site.The patient died on 26th post-operative day due to sepsis.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.242-250
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• 2018

For high-quality software development, it is necessary to detect and fix the defects inserted. If defect management activities are not properly performed, it will lead to the project delay and project failure due to rework. Therefore, organizations need to establish defect management process and institutionalize it. Process standard models handle defect management in the area of project monitoring and control. However, small organizations experience difficulties in implementing and applying defect management process in a real situation. In this paper, we propose a defect management process for small organization which is designed in accordance with the characteristics of a small projects such as few participants and short development period. The proposed defect management process will be based on a tool chain with open source software such as Redmine, Subversion, Maven, Jenkins that support a defect management process and SW Visualization in systematic way. We also proposed a way of constructing defect database and various methods of analyzing and controlling defect data based on it. In an effort to prove the effectiveness of the proposed process, we applied the process and tool chain to a small organization.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2007

As we detect defects and eliminate them in early stages, we can make better quality software. For doing this task, we need to use a defect tracking system which con effectively track and manage defects that give severe effects on software quality. Those existing defect tracking systems have some weaknesses as we apply them to organizations that use CMMI for process improvements. Major problems of those systems are that they require the organizations to collect many types of defect data at a time without providing the proper explanation and even without the support of defect management process. The organizations at CMMI maturity level 2 and 3 have problems for analyzing those defects because there is no specific process area at CMMI maturity level 2 and 3 which directly handles defect managing activites. This paper resolves those problems by developing a defect tracking system which offers methods of managing defects. And the system provides guidelines of which defects should be gathered for each CMMI mathurity levels. The system also has functions to generate various status and statistic information on defects, and to assign defect data to the person in charge so that he or she track the defect to the closure

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.437-444
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• 2008

Purpose: A number of techniques and materials have been used for periodontal regeneration and bone graft procedures with guided tissue regeneration(GTR) have been suggested as alternatives to osseous surgery in the management of local infra-bony defects. However, the long-term stability and treatment outcome following bone graft procedure of infra-bony defects is poorly documented. The purpose of this study was to assess radiographic change in infra-bony defects over 2 years after bone graft procedures with various graft materials. Material and Methods: Patients attending the department of periodontics of Kyungpook National University Hospital were studied. Patients showed clinical and radiographic evidence of infra-bony defect(s). 44 sites of 34 patients aged 31 to 69 (mean age 48.3) were treated by bone graft procedure with a bone graft material. Baseline and 2-year follow-up radiographs were collected and evaluated for this study. Radiographic assessment includes a bone fill, bone crest change, defect resolution, and % of defect resolution. Pre- and post-treatment differences between variables (maxilla and mandible, defect depth, defect angle, bone graft materials) using the paired t-test were examined. Result: We observed $1.15{\pm}1.95\;mm$ of bone fill, $0.40{\pm}1.19\;mm$ of crestal resorption, $1.55{\pm}1.77\;mm$ of defect resolution, and $40{\pm}44%$ of percentage of defect resolution. Deeper initial defect depth, narrower initial defect angle showed significantly greater bone fill, defect resolution, and % of defect resolution. But no significant difference was observed in graft sites and graft materials. Conclusion: If good oral hygiene maintenance and periodic recall check of patients is assured, bone graft procedure using various graft materials is one of the appropriate treatment modality for regenerative therapy of infra-bony defects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1079-1082
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• 2005

This paper deals with the algorithm development that inspects defects such as Lens Focus, Focus check, Black Defect, Dark Defect, Dim Defect, Color Defect, and Line Defect, Angle Defect, IrisAgc Defect caused by the process of 2M Class Compact Camera Module (CCM). Domestic market was majorly comprised of VGA(0.3 million pixel) market. But in the middle of year 2004, camera phone with Mega Pixel has appeared, and it is estimated that the camera phone with Mega Pixel will take up to 28% of total phone sales if it is released in the end of year 2004. Since the inspection of finished products is done manually, it is major obstacle in production increment In this paper, to solve these problems, we developed the imaging processing algorithm to inspect the defects in captured image of assembled CCM. The performances of the developed inspection system and we can recognize various types of defect of CCM modules with good accuracy and high speed

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.225-228
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• 2010

It is an social issue that is various claim related on the defect of apartment house. The cost of defect repair is the most important matter that residents dispute constructers with the huge time wasting and cost loss. For resolve the matter of defect claim, it must to be analyze to the cost property that study and find to pending issue about the cost of defect repair. Therefore this study is investigated the cost property of defect repair relation on correlation analysis and regression analysis around the judgement cost. Consequently, cost of the judgment is associated with cost of the accusation and cost of the defect repair, is recognizable as them that is closely connected. Meanwhile, the more time of take effect and time of lawsuit increase, the more cost of the judgment decrease by draw the regression equation. On the contrary, there are same aspects in the case on the cost of the accusation and cost of the defect repair.